（来源：中国改革报） 转自：中国改革报 □ 陈璐 文化强国，其核心要义在于拥有强大的文化凝聚力、引领力、创新力和辐射力，能够以高质量的文化供 给增强人民精神力量、塑造国家形象。当前，我国文化产业在经历高速增长后，正面临从"有没 有"向"好不好"转变的关键阶段，深层次的结构性矛盾与体制机制障碍日益凸显。要实现文化强国的宏 伟蓝图，须直面并破解这些发展瓶颈。因此，本文将"文化强国"的目标锚定与"体制机制改革"的破局路 径相结合，系统探讨通过深化体制机制改革，为文化产业注入新动能，这不仅是推动文化产业转型升级 的内在要求，更是提升国家文化软实力、筑牢中华民族伟大复兴精神根基的战略抉择，具有重大的理论 价值与现实意义。 深化市场准入改革，激活文化产业主体活力 激活文化产业的内生动力，关键在于通过深化市场准入改革，破除隐性壁垒，营造公平、开放、高效的 市场环境，充分释放各类经营主体的创造潜能。当前，部分文化领域存在的准入限制和繁琐审批，仍制 约着社会资本与创新人才的涌入。为此，改革需从三方面精准发力。 消除隐性歧视，维护竞争公平。要确保不同所有制文化企业在资质许可、项目申报、政策扶持等方面享 有同等待遇，推动各类经营主 ...

《中国民航报》、中国民航网 记者张人尹 通讯员程琳 报道：2025年12月31日深夜，长治机场机坪寒意 渐浓。随着最后一架执飞"北京大兴—长治"的航班平稳滑入停机位，机组人员在掌声中接过鲜花与祝 福。这架航班的平稳落地，标志着长治机场2025年聚焦主责主业、破解发展瓶颈的改革攻坚之战圆满收 官。2025年全年，长治机场共保障运输航班起降8190架次，同比增长19%；完成旅客吞吐量85.1万人 次，同比增长31%；完成货邮吞吐量2003.7吨，同比增长64%。一组组亮眼数据背后，是一个个鲜活事 例串联起的创新与担当，是全体机场人团结奋进的生动写照。 体制机制改革破冰 释放内生发展新活力 针对物流业务存在经营管理与业务保障职能交叉、权责模糊、协同不畅等痛点，长治机场以刀刃向内的 勇气掀起体制机制改革浪潮。 2024年3月，长治机场成立航空物流中心，专职负责货运市场开拓、货源组织、运输保障全流程运营。 这一举动不仅扭转了过去"谈业务没时间跑现场、做保障没精力对接客户"的被动局面；还通过同步组建 规划经营部、航线运营中心、非航发展中心三大专业化部门等，明确分工、厘清权责——规划经营部统 筹战略制定与资源协调，航线运营 ...

Core Insights - Postal Savings Bank of China reported total assets of 18.61 trillion yuan as of September 30, 2025, representing an 8.9% increase from the end of the previous year [1] - The bank achieved a revenue of 265.08 billion yuan in the first three quarters of this year, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 1.82%, while net profit reached 76.794 billion yuan, showing a similar upward trend [1] - The bank is undergoing significant personnel changes, including the resignation of non-executive director Han Wenbo and various leadership adjustments across its branches [2][4] Financial Performance - For the first three quarters, the net interest margin narrowed to 1.68%, yet remains the highest among the six major state-owned banks [6] - Interest income for the period was 210.505 billion yuan, a decrease of 2.07% year-on-year, although the decline rate has slowed compared to the mid-year figures [6] - Non-interest income has increased as the bank focuses on diversifying its revenue streams and enhancing its retail business while expanding corporate and funding operations [6] Cost Management - Business and management expenses for the first three quarters totaled 152.167 billion yuan, down by 4.165 billion yuan or 2.66% year-on-year [6] - The cost-to-income ratio improved to 57.40%, a reduction of 2.65 percentage points compared to the same period last year [6] Asset Quality - As of September 30, 2025, the bank's non-performing loan balance stood at 91.009 billion yuan, an increase of 10.690 billion yuan from the end of the previous year [6] - The non-performing loan ratio was 0.94%, still the lowest among the six major banks, although it increased by 0.04 percentage points from the previous year [6] - The provision coverage ratio was reported at 240.21% [6] Organizational Changes - The bank is implementing reforms focusing on organizational structure, network operations, market service systems, incentive mechanisms, digital transformation, risk management, and operational management [5] - The bank aims to strengthen its first-level branches' operational capabilities and optimize personnel allocation as part of its "one branch, one sub-branch" reform pilot [5]

Core Insights - The article highlights the significant impact of the "three reforms" in Shaanxi province, which have alleviated concerns regarding the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into marketable products [1][6] - The reforms have led to a more efficient and clear management of intellectual property rights, enabling researchers to engage in technology transfer without bureaucratic hurdles [2][6] Group 1: Reforms and Their Impact - The "three reforms" include separate management of job-related scientific achievements, evaluation of technology transfer personnel, and funding mechanisms for technology transformation, which have collectively stimulated innovation [1][4] - The reforms have resulted in a notable increase in technology contract transactions, with the total amount reaching 4,831.38 billion yuan in 2024, doubling since 2021 [5][6] - The establishment of 2,820 new technology transformation companies and the promotion of 697 researchers to higher academic titles due to their contributions in technology transfer demonstrate the reforms' effectiveness [5][6] Group 2: Financial and Structural Support - The introduction of innovative funding mechanisms, such as "cash and technology equity" models, has alleviated financial pressures on researchers, facilitating the transformation of scientific achievements [3][4] - A comprehensive policy framework has been developed, linking management, evaluation, and profit distribution to encourage researchers to focus on technology transfer [4][6] - The province has also launched various initiatives, including a "first invest, then share" pilot program, which has attracted significant social capital investment [5]

Core Insights - The 20th Central Committee's Fourth Plenary Session emphasized the importance of the "15th Five-Year Plan" as a critical period for achieving socialist modernization, highlighting the need for development amidst changing domestic and international conditions [2][4]. Economic Development Focus - The "15th Five-Year Plan" reiterates the centrality of economic construction, reflecting the necessity to adapt to both international economic nationalism and domestic modernization goals [5][6]. - The current economic strategy should shift investment focus from material construction to human capital, aligning with the need for high-quality development [5][6]. GDP Growth and New Industries - Future GDP growth is projected to maintain around 5%, with a strong emphasis on nurturing new industries to drive economic activity [9][10]. - The need for regulatory reform is highlighted to facilitate the emergence of new sectors, particularly in services and technology, which are currently underdeveloped [9][10]. Regional Coordination and Development - The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area is identified as a key economic growth region, with recommendations for improved coordination among cities to enhance competitiveness and innovation [11][12]. - The potential for the Greater Bay Area to develop into a highly integrated market is emphasized, drawing parallels with the European common market model [13].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating There is no information provided in the report regarding the industry investment rating. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The "15th Five - Year Plan" is expected to be gradually implemented in three steps: the core content will be announced on October 23, 2025; the full text of the Party's "15th Five - Year Plan Outline Suggestions" will be released in the following days; the full text of the "15th Five - Year Plan Outline" will be officially released after being approved by the Fourth Session of the 14th National People's Congress in March 2026. The plan will inherit and innovate on previous goals, especially in key areas such as economic growth, technological innovation, and institutional reform [1]. - Five - year plans have a profound impact on the macro - underlying logic, economic context, and capital markets. They often lead to significant stock market rallies and clearly define core investment tracks. They also affect the supply and demand of commodities, thereby influencing prices [2]. 3. Summary According to the Table of Contents 3.1 "15th Five - Year Plan" Later Implementation Process and Main Nodes - The implementation process will follow three steps: on October 23, 2025, the "Fourth Plenary Session" will release a communiqué with the core content of the "15th Five - Year Plan"; in the following days, the Party's "15th Five - Year Plan Suggestions" will be released, along with an explanation by the General Secretary; the State Council will compile the final version of the plan based on the Party's suggestions and submit it to the National People's Congress for approval in March 2026 [1][6]. 3.2 Five - Year Plan Document Framework Content Overview - The "Five - Year Plan Outline" includes a general introduction (covering economic situation judgment, guiding ideology, principles, and goals), specific area discussions (detailing key tasks in various fields), and a conclusion (emphasizing Party leadership, implementation, and guarantee mechanisms). Quantitative indicators in previous plans mainly cover five areas: economic development, people's well - being, ecological environment, innovation drive, and security [10]. 3.3 "15th Five - Year Plan" Key Content Outlook 3.3.1 Economic Growth Target Setting - Long - term growth targets require China to reach the level of a high - income country by the end of the "14th Five - Year Plan" and double its economic aggregate or per - capita income by 2035. As of 2024, China's per - capita GDP was $13,300. To reach the minimum threshold of a moderately developed country ($24,000) by 2035, the average nominal growth rate from 2026 - 2035 should be no less than 5.6% (assuming a 4.5% nominal growth rate in 2025). The actual GDP growth rate from 2026 - 2035 should be around 4%. Market expectations suggest setting a target of around 5% in 2026 and gradually reducing it to 4.8% [17][18][23]. 3.3.2 Key Work Task Deployment - The "15th Five - Year Plan" will continue to focus on economic, institutional, industrial, innovation, people's well - being, and ecological fields. Key areas include institutional reform, technological innovation, domestic demand expansion, green development, and industrial chain security. New quality productivity development is expected to accelerate, and the plan will also address issues such as effective demand shortage and international competition [24][29][30]. 3.4 Five - Year Plan's Market Impact 3.4.1 Five - Year Plans as Investment Mainlines - Five - year plans reshape the economic underlying logic, clarify development priorities, and provide clear investment tracks for the capital market. Different periods have seen different industries thrive, such as traditional cyclical industries during the "11th Five - Year Plan" and technology industries during the "12th" and "13th Five - Year Plans" [33]. 3.4.2 Stock Market Impact - Historically, stock markets have often rallied around the release of five - year plans. Currently, the technology - growth sector has outperformed the market, with some sub - themes like optical modules and AI computing power showing significant excess returns. If the "15th Five - Year Plan" has unexpected content, it will create short - term trading opportunities and support medium - term technology and reform - related investments [35][37]. 3.4.3 Commodity Market Impact - Five - year plans affect commodity supply and demand through national economic logic, industrial policies, and resource security strategies. They have led to a shift in demand from traditional commodities like steel and cement to manufacturing and new - energy - related metals. Supply - side reforms and national policies also influence commodity prices [40].

Core Insights - The metaphor of "changing clothes for a fast-growing child" illustrates the need for timely reforms to overcome institutional barriers and promote development [1][2][3] Group 1: Reform and Development - The purpose of advancing reforms is to continuously improve and develop the socialist system in China, injecting new vitality into socialism [2] - Recent years have seen local governments exploring new models and services to optimize the business environment, enhancing efficiency and satisfaction among enterprises and the public [2][4] Group 2: Challenges in Reform - Some party members lack a sense of responsibility for reform, relying on past experiences and resisting new approaches, which can hinder progress and lead to missed opportunities [3] - The ability to "change clothes" reflects the capability of party members to identify and address the needs of the economy and society effectively [4] Group 3: Practical Examples of Reform - Successful case studies include the establishment of working groups to streamline project approvals in Fujian and the creation of a provincial automotive office in Anhui to enhance coordination and address industry challenges [4] - These examples highlight the importance of targeted reforms that focus on pressing issues faced by enterprises and the public, breaking down barriers to foster economic vitality [4] Group 4: Principles of Reform - Reforms must be grounded in reality and respect established rules, avoiding excessive ambition that could lead to ineffective policies and resource waste [5] - It is crucial for party members to maintain a spirit of reform while adhering to practical considerations, ensuring that initiatives genuinely support economic and social development [5]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of deepening the market-oriented allocation of factors in China, highlighting the need for systemic reforms to overcome existing challenges and enhance efficiency in resource allocation [1][2][7]. Group 1: Challenges in Factor Marketization - The current factor marketization reform faces challenges such as low allocation efficiency and misallocation of traditional production factors like land, labor, and capital, as well as the need for a more developed marketization mechanism for new production factors like data [2][5]. - The relationship between government and market needs to be carefully managed to ensure effective market operation while addressing market failures and maintaining fair competition [3][4]. Group 2: Key Areas for Improvement - Key areas identified for reform include improving land factor allocation efficiency, facilitating orderly labor mobility, enhancing capital's service to the real economy, and promoting the transformation of technological factors into productive forces [5][6]. - The government aims to promote market-determined pricing for factors, ensure efficient and fair allocation, and stimulate innovation in technological factors while enhancing the service capacity of capital to the real economy [5][6]. Group 3: Empowerment and Legal Framework - There is a need to empower regions to explore bold reforms tailored to local conditions, with a focus on creating replicable experiences and reducing barriers to marketization [6][7]. - Establishing a legal and regulatory framework that supports the comprehensive reform of factor marketization is crucial for addressing existing legal obstacles and ensuring smooth implementation of reforms [6][7].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is the introduction of policies by the Liaocheng municipal government to support high-quality development in the manufacturing sector, focusing on industrial transformation, technological innovation, talent development, and institutional reform [1][2][3] Group 2 - The policy includes a commitment to allocate over 1 billion yuan annually from 2020 to 2025 for industrial transformation, aiming to enhance traditional industries through high-end, intelligent, and green upgrades [1] - A total of 76 million yuan is designated for technological innovation development in 2025, with a focus on supporting national and provincial innovation platforms and providing subsidies for newly recognized manufacturing innovation centers [2] - The talent development fund for 2025 is set at 60.3 million yuan, aimed at supporting key talent projects and enhancing the innovation and entrepreneurial environment for talent in the manufacturing sector [3] - The policy emphasizes optimizing fiscal management and improving incentive transfer payment mechanisms to ensure effective use of funds for industrial transformation and innovation [3]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint highlights the challenges and opportunities for China's economy during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, emphasizing the shift from high-speed growth to high-quality development and the need to address demand insufficiency [5][6][9] - The external environment is characterized by intensified trade friction with the U.S., which has escalated into a comprehensive confrontation affecting China's external demand and supply chains [4][6] - Internally, China faces structural issues such as aging population and insufficient demand, necessitating reforms in consumption and investment structures to stimulate economic growth [6][8] Group 2 - The economic growth rate during the "14th Five-Year Plan" is projected to be in the range of 4.5% to 5%, with a focus on balancing nominal and actual growth rates [6][10] - Key challenges include ongoing trade tensions, demographic shifts leading to labor shortages, and local government debt issues that require systemic reforms [6][11] - Opportunities arise from strengthening non-U.S. trade alliances, leveraging the potential of a unified domestic market, and fostering human capital and technological innovation [7][9] Group 3 - The planning and reform strategies for the "14th Five-Year Plan" should focus on balancing supply and demand, optimizing investment and consumption, and enhancing the relationship between manufacturing and service sectors [8][9] - Macro-control systems need to transition to prioritize nominal growth and adjust fiscal and monetary policies accordingly [10][13] - Structural reforms should aim to improve income distribution, accelerate urbanization, and enhance the fiscal system to support consumption and economic balance [11][12][13] Group 4 - The development of high-quality services in sectors such as healthcare, tourism, and elder care is essential to meet the growing demand for quality services [16] - Encouraging private sector participation and reducing market entry barriers will be crucial for service industry growth [16] - Strengthening regulatory frameworks to protect consumer rights and promote new service consumption models will enhance market stability and growth [16]