2026年政府工作报告中都有哪些亮点？与以往有哪些不同？ 经济观察报两会报道组为您逐个解读。 作者： 两会报道 组 封图：东方IC 2026年3月5日上午9时，十四届全国人大四次会议开幕，国务院总理李强作政府工作报告。报告中都有哪些亮点？与以往有哪些不同？经济观察报两会 报道组为您逐个解读。 关键词：经济增长4.5%－5% 报告原文：经济增长目标同2035年远景目标总体衔接，与我国经济长期增长潜力基本吻合，实现这个目标具备有利条件，各地区要结合实际，通过扎 实工作争取好的结果。 经观说： 2023—2025年，中国GDP增速目标均设定为"5%左右"，且实际增速均完成预期，三年分别实现5.2%、5%、5%。2026年GDP增速目标调整 为4.5%—5%，进一步体现出政策"积极务实"的取向。 一方面，采用区间增速目标，并在实际工作中争取更好的结果，体现了"从坏处打算、向最好处努力"的思路。 以中国当前的经济体量和发展阶段，即便按"4.5%"下限测算，也已是一个较高的增速。按照此前多位研究者测算，要实现2035的远景目标，经济增速 要达到4.4%或4.5%以上；而"5%"这一上限则有利于调动各方积极性。今年政府工作 ...

大会主席团： 四川省第十四届人民代表大会第五次会议审查了省人民政府提出的《关于四川省2025年预算执行 情况和2026年预算草案的报告》以及2026年全省和省级预算草案（以下简称预算报告及草案）。 省人大预算委员会在对预算报告及草案进行初步审查的基础上，根据各代表团的审查意见，作了 进一步审查。省人民政府根据审查意见对预算报告进行了修改完善。现将审查结果报告如下。 （三）国有资本经营预算。全省收入227亿元，为预算的100.1%，增长12.5%；支出92.6亿元，为 预算的83.4%，增长2%。省级收入33.7亿元，为预算的124.9%，增长7.6%；支出20亿元，为预算 的74.9%，增长22.3%。 （四）社会保险基金预算。全省收入7210.9亿元，为预算的101%，增长5.6%；支出6351.1亿元， 为预算的99.7%，增长6.5%；年末累计结余10086.6亿元。省级收入6436.4亿元，为预算的 100.8%，增长3.4%；支出5900.7亿元，为预算的99.6%，增长5.2%；年末累计结余8358.5亿元。 预算委员会认为，2025年是实现"十四五"规划圆满收官的关键一年，全省各级人民政府坚持以 ...

（原标题：他们，将影响你的生意和生活|财政部部长蓝佛安） 关键词：财政科学管理、财税体制改革 4.进一步强化保基本、兜底线，切实加强民生保障。 5.推动经济社会发展全面绿色转型，加快建设美丽中国。 6.加强国际财经交流合作，支持扩大高水平对外开放。 要全面加强财政科学管理，持续落实党政机关过紧日子要求，以高水平管理推动财政高质量发展。坚持 自上而下与自下而上相结合，深入推进财政科学管理试点。坚持压实责任与健全机制相结合，切实守 住"三保"底线。坚持化解风险与建立长效机制相结合，加强政府债务管理不放松。坚持稳扎稳打与大胆 探索相结合，深化财税体制改革。坚持管好资产与用好资产相结合，推动健全国有资产管理体系。坚持 精准发现问题与有效解决问题相结合，不断加强财会监督工作。 ——2025年12月27日召开的全国财政工作会议指出 核心关注： 2026年将继续实施更加积极的财政政策：一是扩大财政支出盘子，确保必要支出力度；二是优化政府债 券工具组合，更好发挥债券效益；三是提高转移支付资金效能，增强地方自主可用财力；四是持续优化 支出结构，强化重点领域保障；五是加强财政金融协同，放大政策效能。 政策扫描： 1.坚持内需主导 ...

Group 1 - The core theme of the discussions was the analysis of current macroeconomic policies, focusing on exchange rate fluctuations, trade surpluses, and capital flows, aimed at addressing the challenges faced by the Chinese economy and exploring policy responses [1] - Since the 2008 financial crisis, the U.S. economy has shown significant resilience and unexpected growth, with GDP share rising from 21% in 2011 to 26% in 2024, making it one of the few major economies to return to pre-pandemic growth trends [1] - The U.S. economy achieved growth rates of 2.9% and 2.8% in 2023 and 2024 respectively, defying recession predictions due to strong fiscal, monetary, and industrial policies working in concert [1] Group 2 - The U.S. macroeconomic policy experience offers both lessons and successes, with timely and forceful policy responses during crises, such as the swift action during the Silicon Valley Bank crisis in 2023 [2] - However, excessive fiscal relief has led to uncontrollable inflation since 2021, with government debt increasing by over $15 trillion in six years, raising concerns about fiscal sustainability [2] - The U.S. economy is expected to remain robust in 2026, driven by the stimulus effects of expansionary fiscal spending in 2025, improved interest rate conditions, and the ongoing expansion of the AI industry [4] Group 3 - The key to addressing China's current economic challenges, such as insufficient domestic demand and low prices, lies in "exchanging policy for space and promoting development through reform" [4] - Historical experiences from the late 1990s suggest that proactive fiscal policies should precede structural reforms to create necessary buffer space [4] - The current constraints on fiscal efforts stem from unresolved central-local fiscal relations, indicating that deepening fiscal and tax system reforms is crucial for enhancing policy effectiveness and achieving structural breakthroughs in the economy [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of implementing a proactive fiscal policy and deepening zero-based budgeting reforms to ensure financial stability and support high-quality development in alignment with the new development philosophy and the "1571" work deployment of the regional party committee [3][15]. Group 1: Fiscal Policy and Budgeting Principles - The focus is on serving the central objectives and ensuring key priorities are met, utilizing various funding sources such as local budgets, central transfers, and new local government bonds to direct more financial resources to critical areas [4][17]. - The principle of "spending within means" is highlighted, advocating for a realistic and scientific approach to revenue budgeting, enhancing resource allocation, and ensuring all revenues are collected [6][17]. - There is a commitment to safeguarding the "three guarantees" (basic living needs, education, and healthcare) to ensure stable operations at the grassroots level while addressing risks related to local government debt and overdue payments [7][19]. Group 2: Efficiency and Discipline - The article stresses the importance of frugality and efficiency, urging government agencies to control general expenditures and manage "three public" expenses strictly to reduce administrative costs [9][21]. - It advocates for integrating performance concepts into all budgeting processes, focusing on the effectiveness of financial resources and eliminating ineffective expenditures [9][21]. - There is a call for strict supervision of budget execution and management of transfer payments to prevent overspending and ensure adherence to budgetary constraints [22].

Group 1: Economic Outlook and Policy Direction - The 2026 macroeconomic outlook emphasizes the importance of the "15th Five-Year Plan," which marks a shift in policy focus towards economic construction, consumption, and technological development [1][6][17] - Key adjustments in the "15th Five-Year Plan" include a renewed emphasis on balancing economic growth with safety, promoting urban-rural integration, and reforming the fiscal and tax system [1][6][8] - China's economic growth rate has decreased to around 5%, but it remains competitive compared to emerging markets like Vietnam and India, highlighting the need for a focus on maintaining reasonable growth [1][7] Group 2: Monetary and Fiscal Policy Changes - Significant changes in monetary policy now include promoting stable economic development and reasonable price recovery as key considerations, moving away from a sole focus on inflation [2][10] - Fiscal policy is expected to maintain a deficit rate of around 4%, with an emphasis on necessary debt levels and total expenditure [2][10] - The policy aims to optimize existing demand through measures like "trade-in" programs and removing unreasonable restrictions to stimulate consumption [2][11] Group 3: Global Economic Context - The U.S. economy shows signs of weakness, with a cooling job market and a decline in the dollar's reserve status, while the European economy faces multiple challenges, including energy crises [4][15] - Despite a 35% drop in real estate prices over five years, China's economy has shown resilience, supported by advancements in semiconductor equipment, digital economy, and artificial intelligence [4][12] - China's trade surplus is projected to reach $1.2 trillion by 2025, indicating a balanced trade relationship with the U.S. despite ongoing trade tensions [12][16] Group 4: Consumer and Investment Dynamics - The core policy direction for 2026 is to boost consumption, with a significant gap between service consumption in China (18% of GDP) compared to the U.S. (46%), primarily due to urban-rural disparities [4][17] - Investment pressures are evident, with fixed asset investment declining by 12%, although this figure may not accurately reflect the actual investment situation [11][12] - The "15th Five-Year Plan" aims to enhance consumer spending through urban-rural integration and regulatory relaxation, such as in the automotive and yacht sectors [17]

Core Viewpoint - The meeting highlighted the achievements of the financial and fiscal system in 2025 and outlined key tasks for 2026, emphasizing the importance of implementing proactive fiscal policies and enhancing financial support for economic development [1]. Group 1: 2025 Achievements - In 2025, the financial and fiscal system effectively implemented more proactive fiscal policies, achieving high-quality completion of financial indicators and ensuring the implementation of benefit policies [1]. - Significant breakthroughs in reform and innovation were noted, contributing to the overall effectiveness of various initiatives that provided strong financial support for economic and social development [1]. Group 2: 2026 Key Tasks - The year 2026 is identified as a critical starting point for the "14th Five-Year Plan," necessitating a focus on key areas and enhancing the coordination of fiscal and financial policies [1]. - The meeting emphasized the need for precise implementation of policies to stimulate domestic demand and improve the management of financial resources to support high-quality development [1]. - Further deepening of the fiscal and tax system reform is required, with a focus on improving the efficiency of fiscal fund utilization and ensuring financial services are aligned with the real economy [1]. Group 3: Recognition of Excellence - The meeting recognized outstanding contributions by awarding 10 collectives the title of "Advanced Financial Accounting Work Collective" and 50 individuals the title of "Advanced Accounting Workers" [2].

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government is implementing a series of fiscal and financial policies aimed at boosting domestic demand, with a focus on increasing fiscal spending, supporting consumption, and enhancing residents' income through various channels [2][3][10]. Fiscal Policy Overview - In 2026, the fiscal deficit, total debt, and overall spending will be maintained at necessary levels, ensuring that overall spending increases and key areas are strongly supported [2][3]. - The deficit rate for 2025 is set at around 4%, with new government debt issuance expected to reach 11.86 trillion yuan, significantly higher than previous years [2]. Key Policies - The fiscal and financial package includes six policies, four of which focus on stimulating private investment, while the other two aim to promote consumption [5][10]. - Specific measures include loan interest subsidies for small and micro enterprises, personal consumption loans, equipment upgrade loans, and guarantees for private investment [5][7][8]. Support for Private Investment - A new special guarantee plan for private investment has been introduced, increasing the credit guarantee limit and risk-sharing ratio to encourage banks to lend more [6][10]. - The maximum guarantee amount for individual enterprises has been raised to 20 million yuan, with the government covering up to 40% of the risk [6]. Consumption Support Measures - Personal consumption loans will now benefit from a 1% interest subsidy, with the maximum subsidy amount per transaction increased from 500 yuan to 3,000 yuan [9]. - The scope of eligible consumption areas has expanded to include digital, green, and retail sectors, alongside existing categories [9]. Focus on Technology and Innovation - The government will prioritize support for technological self-reliance and innovation, with a 10% increase in central government spending on technology in 2025 [11]. - Policies will include tax incentives and financial support for technology innovation and integration with industry [11]. Regulatory Adjustments - Starting April 1, 2026, export tax rebates for certain products will be canceled to promote efficient resource use and reduce environmental impact [12]. - The government is committed to standardizing fiscal subsidies and addressing any irregularities in local subsidy practices [12][13]. Tax and Fiscal Reforms - Ongoing reforms will clarify fiscal responsibilities between central and local governments, particularly in public services [13]. - The tax system will be reformed to adapt to new economic realities, including the digital economy [13].

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Finance will implement a more proactive fiscal policy in 2026, focusing on increasing total expenditure, optimizing structure, improving efficiency, and enhancing momentum to ensure a good start for the 14th Five-Year Plan [1] Group 1: Fiscal Policy and Expenditure - The total fiscal expenditure will be expanded, maintaining necessary levels of fiscal deficit and debt, ensuring that overall expenditure "only increases" and key areas are "strengthened" [2] - In 2025, the national general public budget revenue is expected to show a recovery growth trend, with a balanced revenue and expenditure situation anticipated [2] - Key expenditure areas such as social security, employment, technology, education, and health have received strong support, with over 10 trillion yuan allocated to these areas in the first 11 months of 2025, accounting for over 40% of total public budget expenditure [3] Group 2: Structural Optimization - The expenditure structure will be continuously optimized to ensure funds are allocated to critical areas, breaking the "base + growth" spending pattern [4] - In 2025, the central government allocated 66.74 billion yuan for employment subsidies and increased financial support for healthcare and public health services [4] - A new childcare subsidy system will be established, with 100 billion yuan allocated for subsidies to families with children under three years old [4] Group 3: Efficiency Improvement - The focus will be on improving the efficiency of fund usage, with plans to issue long-term special bonds to support key projects and enhance the effectiveness of bond funds [6] - In 2025, 1.3 trillion yuan of long-term special bonds were issued, with 300 billion yuan specifically allocated for consumer subsidies [6][7] - The total expenditure from special bonds and other financial instruments increased by 45.5% in the first 11 months of 2025 compared to the same period in 2024, amounting to 51.5 trillion yuan [7] Group 4: Reform and Market Dynamics - The Ministry of Finance aims to deepen fiscal and tax reforms to stimulate economic vitality, including optimizing transfer payment structures and enhancing local fiscal capabilities [8] - Continuous efforts will be made to standardize fiscal subsidies and improve government procurement processes to foster a fair competitive environment [9]

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Finance will implement a more proactive fiscal policy in 2026, focusing on increasing total expenditure, optimizing structure, improving efficiency, and enhancing momentum to ensure a good start for the 14th Five-Year Plan [1] Group 1: Fiscal Policy and Expenditure - The total fiscal expenditure will be expanded, maintaining necessary levels of fiscal deficit and debt, ensuring that overall expenditure "only increases" and key areas are "only strengthened" [1] - In 2025, the fiscal revenue is expected to achieve a balanced budget, with public budget revenue showing a recovery growth trend [2] - The fiscal department will continue to optimize expenditure structure, ensuring strong support for key areas such as social security, employment, technology, education, and health [2] Group 2: Social Welfare and Employment - In 2025, the central government allocated 66.74 billion yuan for employment subsidies and increased standards for medical insurance and public health service funding [3] - The basic pension for retirees will be raised by 2%, and the minimum standard for urban and rural residents' pensions will increase by 20 yuan per month [3] - A new childcare subsidy system will be established, with 100 billion yuan allocated for subsidies for children under three years old [3] Group 3: Efficiency and Effectiveness - The focus will be on improving the efficiency of fund usage, ensuring that every penny generates expected benefits [4] - In 2025, 1.3 trillion yuan of ultra-long-term special bonds will be issued to support key projects, with 300 billion yuan allocated for consumer subsidies [4] - The use of bond funds will be accelerated, with a total expenditure of 5.15 trillion yuan in the first 11 months of 2025, a 45.5% increase from the previous year [4] Group 4: Fiscal and Tax Reforms - The Ministry of Finance aims to deepen fiscal and tax reforms to enhance local financial development and support the construction of a unified national market [5] - There will be a focus on clarifying fiscal responsibilities between central and local governments in public services, education, and healthcare [5] - Continuous efforts will be made to standardize fiscal subsidies and improve government procurement processes to foster a fair competitive environment [6]