Group 1 - The core theme of the G20 summit is "unity, equality, and sustainability," with a strong emphasis on unity as a key to overcoming global economic challenges [1][2] - The G20 should actively seek common ground while respecting differences among member countries to foster cooperation and resolve conflicts [2][3] - The need for reform in global governance systems is highlighted, with a call for the G20 to lead in promoting multilateralism and enhancing the voice of developing countries [2][3] Group 2 - The G20 is urged to strengthen ecological and environmental cooperation to address climate change and achieve the goals of the Paris Agreement [3][4] - There is a focus on promoting green energy cooperation to ensure equitable development and support countries in their energy transitions [4][5] - The G20 should enhance food security cooperation to stabilize global food supply chains and support countries facing food shortages [5][6] Group 3 - The importance of leveraging new technologies, such as artificial intelligence, to bridge development gaps and ensure equitable access to opportunities is emphasized [5][6] - Cooperation on critical minerals is essential for sustainable supply and global resource security, with a call for responsible management of these resources [6] - The G20 is encouraged to empower developing countries, particularly in Africa, through capacity building and technological support to create job opportunities [6][7]

新华社约翰内斯堡11月23日电 中华人民共和国国务院总理 李强 尊敬的拉马福萨总统， 各位同事： 很高兴出席二十国集团约翰内斯堡峰会。感谢拉马福萨总统和南非政府的热情接待和周到安排。 本次峰会的主题是"团结、平等、可持续"，其中"团结"被置于首位，这让人不禁想起二十国集团一 路走来的历程。1999年，亚洲金融危机暴露出全球经济治理协调不足，二十国集团机制应运而生。2008 年，国际金融危机爆发后，机制升格为领导人峰会，带领世界经济走向复苏。不同地区、不同制度文化 的成员携手同行，一次次攻坚克难，共促全球进步发展，其关键就在"团结"二字。 习近平 主席在二十国集团领导人第十七次峰会上指出，团结就是力量，分裂没有出路。当前，世 界经济再次面临巨大挑战，单边主义、保护主义甚嚣尘上，各种经贸限制和对立对抗增多。很多人在思 考，到底是什么阻碍了国际社会的团结？综合各种分析，比较突出的有两点：一是各方利益诉求存在差 异。对差异如果不进行积极调和，就会带来矛盾和纷争。二是全球合作机制存在不足。特别是公平公正 且具权威性、执行力的协调机制相对缺失，难以在更大范围形成共识和合力。二十国集团应当正视存在 的问题，探寻解决之道，推 ...

第二，把握好我国发展具备的诸多优势。具体来讲，我国发展主要有4个方面优势。一是具有中国 特色社会主义制度优势，党的全面领导、集中力量办大事、有效市场和有为政府相结合等，是我 国高质量发展的坚强制度保障；二是具有超大规模市场优势，消费潜力大、投资空间广、内生动 力足以及法治环境和营商环境持续改善，对全球资源要素形成强大吸引力；三是具有完整产业体 系优势，这是提升经济竞争力、创新力、抗冲击力的坚实根基；四是具有丰富人才资源优势，高 素质劳动者、企业家及科技工作者队伍不断壮大，"人口红利"转变为"人才红利"，为经济社会发 展源源不断注入创新创造动能。总的看，我国经济基础稳、优势多、韧性强、潜能大，长期向好 的支撑条件和基本趋势没有变。 第一，把握好世界百年变局加速演进带来的机遇和挑战。一方面，我国具备主动运筹国际空间、 塑造外部环境的诸多有利因素。国际力量对比深刻调整，世界多极化在曲折中发展，我国国际影 响力、感召力、塑造力不断提升，在国际事务中已经并将继续发挥重要作用；经济全球化虽遭遇 逆流，但仍是不可阻挡的历史潮流，将为我国进一步扩大高水平对外开放、畅通国内国际双循环 提供空间和机遇；新一轮科技革命和产业变革加 ...

Core Insights - The current global governance system must transition from a club dominated by a few countries to an effective platform that accommodates and responds to the demands of the "Global South" [1][5] - The systemic dilemma facing global governance is characterized by structural lag, insufficient representation, and weak execution, which are interrelated issues [3][4] - China plays a crucial role in promoting the integration of the Global South and can actively push for reforms in voting rights within international financial institutions [1][5] Global Governance Challenges - The governance system is experiencing a structural lag that fails to address new issues such as digital trade and climate change, leading to outdated rules [3][4] - There is a significant mismatch between the economic power of emerging markets and developing countries and their voting rights in major international financial institutions, resulting in a "representation deficit" [3][4] - Weak execution of global agreements occurs when major powers have conflicting interests, leading to decision paralysis and selective implementation [4] China's Role in Global Governance - China can act as a constructive leader, consensus builder, and reform practitioner in international economic governance [5][6] - The country aims to enhance the representation and decision-making power of the Global South in key institutions like the IMF and World Bank [5][6] - China's initiatives, such as the Global Development Initiative, address pressing challenges faced by developing countries and provide practical pathways for implementing the UN 2030 Agenda [6] Trade Dynamics - The global trade system is at a historical crossroads, facing challenges from rising unilateralism and protectionism, as well as opportunities from digital technology and green transformation [7][8] - China’s commitment to high-level opening up is both a strategic choice for its economic development and a stabilizing force for the multilateral trade system [9][10] - The recent signing of the China-ASEAN Free Trade Area 3.0 upgrade agreement signifies a new phase of high-quality economic relations, focusing on digital and green economies [12][13]

Core Insights - The global governance initiative proposed by China is seen as a significant step towards establishing a more equitable and balanced international system [1][2] - Emerging economies such as China, India, Brazil, and Turkey are now the core drivers of global growth, yet they still have limited representation in major international organizations [1] - There is a need for reforms in the global governance system to better address global challenges and balance the interests of developed and developing countries [1][2] Group 1 - The global governance initiative is closely linked to the Belt and Road Initiative, which provides the necessary infrastructure for connectivity, while the governance initiative establishes a framework for mutually beneficial relationships [1] - The post-World War II global governance structure must adapt to the current multipolar reality, and reforming this system is crucial for rebuilding confidence in multilateralism [2] - A more representative and responsive global governance system will enhance international cooperation and improve the ability to address urgent issues such as climate change, terrorism, and global health security [2] Group 2 - Recent protectionist measures by the United States have significant impacts on countries with close trade ties, potentially forcing them to reduce production or shift exports to other markets [2] - The ongoing changes in U.S. tariff policies create substantial uncertainty for producers, exporters, importers, and investors, undermining trust in institutions like the World Trade Organization [2] - Strengthening cooperation and reducing uncertainty in international trade are essential for ensuring sustainable global growth [2]

Core Viewpoint - Russia supports the reform of the global governance system and aims to assist China and other countries in refining and implementing global governance initiatives [1] Group 1: Global Governance Initiatives - The global governance initiative proposed by China during the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit in Tianjin is seen as a way to change the dominance of Western mechanisms in global governance [1] - Russia's Foreign Minister Lavrov criticized the U.S. for obstructing the International Monetary Fund from increasing the representation of Global South countries [1] - Lavrov highlighted the misuse of multilateral mechanisms by the West for unilateral geopolitical purposes, describing it as a disaster [1] Group 2: Need for Reform in International Organizations - The World Trade Organization (WTO) is identified as needing reform due to U.S. obstruction of the organization's ability to resolve trade disputes [1] - The U.S. has been blocking the WTO from reviewing China's complaints regarding discrimination and violations of trade regulations by Western countries [1]

Core Viewpoint - Russia supports the reform of the global governance system and aims to assist China and other countries in refining and implementing global governance initiatives [1] Group 1: Global Governance Initiatives - The global governance initiative proposed by China during the Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit in Tianjin is seen as a way to change the dominance of Western mechanisms in global governance [1] - Russia's Foreign Minister Lavrov criticized the U.S. for obstructing the International Monetary Fund from increasing the representation of Global South countries [1] - Lavrov highlighted the misuse of multilateral mechanisms by the West for unilateral geopolitical purposes, describing it as a disaster [1] Group 2: Need for Reform in International Organizations - The World Trade Organization (WTO) is identified as needing reform due to U.S. obstruction of the organization's ability to resolve trade disputes [1] - The U.S. has been blocking the WTO from reviewing China's complaints regarding discrimination and violations of trade regulations by Western countries [1]

Core Points - South African President Ramaphosa emphasized the need for international cooperation to address global challenges and defend multilateralism during the 80th UN General Assembly [1] - He called for reforms in international financial institutions to support developing countries with fairer lending rules and highlighted the importance of maintaining the World Trade Organization's core role in global trade [1] - Ramaphosa pointed out the severe impacts of climate change on African nations, urging UN member states to adhere to their commitments in combating climate change [1] Group 1 - Ramaphosa criticized unilateral military actions and trade protectionism as threats to multilateralism and international law [1] - He highlighted the heavy debt burden hindering sustainable development in many African countries [1] - The President condemned Israel's actions in Gaza as "genocide" and called for the international community to implement the "two-state solution" [2] Group 2 - Ramaphosa stressed the need for nuclear disarmament and mentioned South Africa's role in the 2026 review conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [2] - He urged countries to reaffirm their commitment to equality, dignity, and collective security in the context of the UN's 80th anniversary [2]

Core Points - South African President Ramaphosa emphasized the need for international cooperation to address global challenges and defend multilateralism during the 80th UN General Assembly [1] - He called for reforms in the UN Security Council to enhance its representativeness and effectiveness, citing its current inadequacies in maintaining international peace [1] - Ramaphosa highlighted the heavy debt burden hindering sustainable development in many African countries and urged for fairer lending rules from international financial institutions [1] - He stressed the importance of reforming the multilateral trading system to protect developing countries from unilateral trade policies that threaten global stability [1] - The impact of climate change on African nations was underscored, with Ramaphosa calling for adherence to the principle of "common but differentiated responsibilities" in addressing climate commitments [1] Peace and Security Issues - Ramaphosa condemned Israel's actions in Gaza as "genocide" and urged the international community to fully implement the "two-state solution" [2] - He advocated for advancing nuclear disarmament and announced that South Africa will host the 2026 review conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons [2] - On the 80th anniversary of the UN, he called for countries to draw wisdom and build consensus to reaffirm commitments to equality, dignity, and collective security [2]

Core Insights - The global governance system is facing the need for reform and improvement, particularly due to the disruptive impact of technologies like big data and artificial intelligence on the accounting industry [1][2] - The establishment of the accounting doctoral program at the University of International Business and Economics (UIBE) is a significant step towards enhancing the training system for high-level accounting professionals, aligning with national strategic needs and industry demands [1][2] Group 1 - UIBE's accounting doctoral program aims to cultivate high-end accounting talents with international perspectives, research capabilities, and practical skills [2] - The program will focus on three training directions: "Accounting Information Disclosure and Corporate Value Analysis," "ESG and Audit Supervision," and "Capital Markets and Corporate Financial Management Decisions" [2] - The training model will combine internal and external mentorship to ensure comprehensive education [2] Group 2 - The importance of accounting as a support for economic decision-making and its role in modernizing national governance systems is emphasized [2] - The program is designed to respond to the high-quality development needs of the country and the acceleration of new productive forces [2] - UIBE's approach to accounting education is characterized by a strong emphasis on international vision while being rooted in China's economic practices [1][2]