Group 1 - China's Prime Minister Li Qiang announced that China will not seek any new special and differential treatment in WTO negotiations, reflecting a proactive stance in the ongoing US-China rivalry [1][3] - The US has pressured China for three years regarding its developing country status, arguing that as the world's second-largest economy, China should not enjoy preferential treatment [2][3] - China's strategic response effectively neutralized US criticisms, allowing it to maintain its core interests while demonstrating flexibility in its approach to international trade [3][4] Group 2 - This move by China serves three strategic objectives: it eliminates a key point of attack from the US, allows China to participate in global rule-making on more equal terms, and showcases its role as a responsible major power [4][7] - The timing of this adjustment is significant, as it coincides with a deadlock in WTO reforms, potentially revitalizing discussions and enhancing China's international standing [4][7] - China's average tariff has decreased to 4.4%, nearing levels seen in developed countries, indicating its commitment to aligning with global trade standards [4]

Core Viewpoint - The Director-General of WTO, Iweala, welcomed China's announcement that it will no longer seek Special and Differential Treatment (S&DT) in future WTO agreements, highlighting its commitment to a more balanced and fair global trade system [1] Group 1 - Iweala expressed appreciation for China's decision, stating it represents a critical moment for the WTO [1] - The decision is seen as a strong signal supporting WTO reform and will contribute to creating a fairer competitive environment for all members [1] - This move is expected to stimulate discussions and assist in building a more flexible and efficient WTO for the 21st century [1]

Group 1 - Brazilian President Lula will convene a virtual meeting of BRICS leaders to discuss Trump's tariffs and trade policies [1] - The meeting aims to defend multilateralism, a core agenda for BRICS, and will also address the upcoming UN Climate Change Conference [1] - Lula seeks to rally support from other emerging market leaders against the tariffs imposed by the US, which have created challenges for BRICS nations in reaching a unified statement [1][2] Group 2 - Brazil's Foreign Minister Vieira stated that the Lula administration is pushing for WTO reform, highlighting concerns over the deteriorating multilateral trade system [2] - Brazil has engaged in dialogues with countries affected by US tariffs, including China, India, Mexico, and France, to address the asymmetry in bilateral negotiations under pressure from stronger nations [2] - The upcoming BRICS meeting follows significant discussions between Indian and Chinese leaders, suggesting potential for a more substantial resolution on tariff issues among BRICS nations [2]

Core Points - The core argument of the articles revolves around the recent confrontation between China and the United States at the WTO meeting in Geneva, highlighting China's stance against the U.S.'s unilateral trade policies and the support it received from 47 countries for multilateralism [1][3][5]. Group 1: China's Position - China submitted a written proposal emphasizing that the U.S.'s "reciprocal tariff" policy violates WTO rules and harms developing countries' interests, potentially destabilizing the global trade system [1][3]. - The Chinese delegation articulated the need for a stable, rule-based international economic order, advocating for transparency and predictability in trade policies to avoid unnecessary market disruptions [5][7]. - China proposed three main directions: prioritizing stability, focusing on development, and pushing for reform within the WTO to address outdated rules and new challenges [5][7]. Group 2: International Support and Reactions - A total of 47 countries supported China's and other nations' joint statement on maintaining the multilateral trade system, indicating a collective response to the challenges posed by unilateral actions [3][7]. - Countries like Brazil, Russia, and Pakistan expressed concerns over unilateralism and emphasized the need to strengthen the authority of WTO rules [3][5]. - The EU and Japan have also criticized U.S. policies, indicating a growing discontent among traditional allies regarding America's approach to trade [3][5]. Group 3: Challenges Ahead - Despite the consensus achieved at the Geneva meeting, WTO reform faces significant challenges, particularly due to the U.S.'s obstruction of the appellate body and the divergent interests of member countries on new issues [7]. - The EU highlighted the costs associated with the current chaotic global tariff system, underscoring the urgency for reform to prevent the multilateral trade system from becoming ineffective [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses China's proactive stance at the WTO meeting, emphasizing the need for multilateral trade system support and reform in response to unilateral trade measures, particularly from the U.S. [3][8][11] Group 1: China's Proposal and Work Philosophy - China submitted a written proposal titled "Statement on Supporting the Multilateral Trade System under Current Circumstances," expressing concerns over unilateral tariffs and suggesting collective responses from WTO members [3][8]. - The proposed work philosophy is summarized as "Stability First, Development Priority, Reform as the Path" (SDR), advocating for a stable trade environment and deeper WTO reforms [7][10]. Group 2: Key Recommendations from China - Stability First: China calls for unity among members to stabilize trade relations, enhance policy transparency, and ensure adherence to WTO rules to prevent trade tensions from escalating [9][10]. - Development Priority: China urges members to open markets to the least developed countries and support initiatives that provide effective assistance to developing members [10]. - Reform as the Path: China supports comprehensive WTO reforms, addressing contemporary trade issues such as climate change and supply chain resilience, while promoting new rule negotiations [10][11]. Group 3: Global Trade Impact and Responses - Unilateral tariffs and "reciprocal tariffs" are seen as serious threats to the legitimate rights of WTO members, potentially reducing global GDP growth by 0.7% to 7% and disproportionately affecting weaker economies [8][10]. - The WTO spokesperson highlighted that members can utilize the dispute resolution mechanism if they feel WTO rules are violated, indicating a pathway for addressing grievances [4][8]. Group 4: Support from Other Members - China's proposal received widespread resonance among other WTO members, including Brazil, Russia, and Pakistan, who echoed the need to uphold the most-favored-nation principle and strengthen the multilateral trade system [3][8][10]. - The WTO Director-General emphasized the necessity for meaningful reforms, indicating that incremental changes are no longer sufficient to address the challenges facing the organization [13][15].

Core Viewpoint - China proposed a working approach for the WTO centered on "stability first, development prioritized, and reform as the path" to address current trade turbulence and support the multilateral trading system [1][4][5]. Group 1: China's Proposal and Agenda - China submitted a written proposal titled "Statement on Supporting the Multilateral Trading System under Current Circumstances" during the WTO General Council meeting [1]. - The proposal emphasizes the need for collective responses among WTO members to unilateral tariff measures, particularly the U.S. "reciprocal tariffs" [1][4]. - The proposal received widespread resonance from other WTO members, including Brazil, Russia, and Pakistan, who expressed strong concerns about unilateralism and supported China's suggestions for maintaining global trade stability [1]. Group 2: Key Elements of China's Working Approach - **Stability First**: China called for unity among members to stabilize trade relations, enhance transparency in trade policies, and ensure global trade operates within the WTO framework [5][6]. - **Development Prioritized**: China urged members to further open markets to least developed countries and support initiatives that provide effective assistance to developing members [5][6]. - **Reform as the Path**: China supports deepening WTO reforms, focusing on contemporary trade issues such as climate change and supply chain resilience, and promoting new rule negotiations [6][9]. Group 3: Global Economic Impact - Unilateral tariff measures could potentially reduce global GDP growth rates by 0.7 to 7 percentage points, disproportionately affecting weaker economies and least developed countries [4]. - China emphasized the importance of maintaining a rules-based multilateral trading system to counteract the adverse effects of trade tensions [4][6]. Group 4: Support from Other Members - The meeting included supportive statements from Singapore, Switzerland, and the EU, reflecting a consensus among members on the need for reform to protect the multilateral trading system [8][9]. - WTO Director-General Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala highlighted the necessity for meaningful reforms to ensure the system's effectiveness in addressing future challenges [9][10].

5月14日，世界贸易组织（WTO）总干事恩戈齐·奥孔乔－伊维拉（Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala）就改革目前陷 入机能瘫痪的争端解决机制表示："期待日本发挥主导作用"。她还表达了扩大作为替代手段的临时仲裁 机制的意愿，并呼吁日本予以协助。 伊维拉在东京接受了日本经济新闻（中文版：日经中文网）的采访。 伊维拉承认，上诉机构"确实已陷入瘫痪"，并对利用临时框架"多方临时上诉仲裁安排（MPIA）"来代 替上诉机构表达了积极意愿。她表示，"日本应该积极推动东盟及其他成员国参加"，要求日本协助扩大 MPIA…… 伊维拉承认，相当于WTO争端解决制度终审机构的上诉机构"确实已陷入瘫痪"，并对利用临时框架"多 方临时上诉仲裁安排（MPIA）"来代替上诉机构表达了积极意愿。 世界贸易组织总干事恩戈齐·奥孔乔－伊维拉 关于WTO的意义，伊维拉断言："它是基于可预测且公平规则的多边系统的象征"。她指出，全球9成贸 易发生在美国以外，并表示："世界贸易的大部分是基于WTO协定进行的"。 WTO的前身、关税及贸易总协定（GATT）是在反思保护主义是导致第二次世界大战原因之一的基础上 在战后成立的。她声明："我们必须吸取过去的教 ...

Core Points - The WTO is currently facing the largest disruption in global trade history, necessitating a focus on reform and repositioning ahead of the upcoming MC14 meeting in March 2026 [1][4] - The WTO Director-General emphasized the need for a credible roadmap to address issues arising from the current trade crisis [1][4] Group 1: WTO Reform and Priorities - Members have expressed a strong consensus on prioritizing the repositioning and reform of the WTO, highlighting its relevance and resilience amid global uncertainties [4] - Key areas for reform include addressing deficiencies in the existing rules, enhancing oversight and transparency, and improving negotiation and dispute resolution mechanisms [4] - The upcoming MC14 will also focus on agricultural negotiations, fisheries subsidies, e-commerce initiatives, and integrating investment promotion agreements into the WTO framework [4] Group 2: Dispute Resolution Mechanism - The WTO's dispute resolution mechanism is currently facing challenges, with the U.S. recently vetoing proposals to fill vacancies in the appellate body, reflecting ongoing concerns about its operation [5] - A significant number of members have shown support for proposals aimed at restoring a fully operational two-tier dispute resolution system, emphasizing the need for stability amid increasing trade turmoil [5] Group 3: Current Trade Outlook - A recent WTO report indicated a sharp deterioration in global trade prospects due to tariff policies, projecting a 0.2% decline in global goods trade volume for 2025, down from a previous forecast of 2.9% growth for 2024 [7] - The report also anticipates a significant decline in trade volume in North America, with exports expected to drop by 12.6% this year [8]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent developments in international trade, particularly focusing on China's assertive stance against U.S. tariffs and its efforts to rally support from developing countries at a world trade conference [3][5][10]. Group 1: U.S. Tariff Policies - The U.S. has implemented tariffs that have negatively impacted both American consumers and workers, costing approximately $57 billion annually and resulting in the loss of 245,000 jobs [6]. - The tariffs have led to increased prices for consumers, with empty supermarket shelves and rising costs causing public discontent [6]. - The article highlights the adverse effects on countries like Bangladesh and Vietnam, where high tariffs have severely affected local economies and livelihoods [3][6]. Group 2: China's Response and Strategy - China, alongside over 80 developing countries, has taken a strong stand against U.S. tariff policies, presenting evidence at the world trade conference to challenge U.S. practices [3][5]. - The Chinese delegation's assertiveness is portrayed as a significant moment, with the U.S. representatives left without a defense [5]. - The article emphasizes China's role in advocating for reform within the World Trade Organization (WTO), aiming to shift the balance of power away from Western dominance [10]. Group 3: Historical Context and Implications - The article references the historical ties between the U.S. and China, particularly through personal connections, to illustrate the complexities of national identity and allegiance in the context of international relations [8]. - It suggests that the current trade dynamics are not merely about tariffs but are indicative of a larger struggle for influence and rule-making in global trade [10]. - The narrative positions China as a resilient player in the global arena, capable of leveraging its relationships with developing nations to reshape trade rules [10].