低利率环境下，海外债市的调整往往快速且迅猛，有三大特征 ： 1）调整幅度较大，美、德、法、日的 平均调整幅度分别为81、53、59、74bp；2）调整速度较快，这些调整通常发生在1-2个月内；3）调整往 往伴随期限溢价走高，美法日的10Y国债利率回调幅度明显大于2Y国债。 此外，债券"凸性"会放大低利率下的市场波动 。 利率下行会导致久期非线性拉长，价格敏感度显著上 升。这种"不对称"机制使低利率区间内，同样利率反弹带来的资本损失远超高利率区间。测算显示，低 利率下30Y国债反转时的价格跌幅约为高利率下的1.7倍，回撤压力剧增。 （二）"高波动"的陷阱背后？一致预期演绎到极致，宏观环境变化下出现反噬 海外经验显示，低利率环境下债市依然保持较高波动、且调整中易出现1-2月内调整50-100bp的现象，我 们将其称为低利率下的"高波动"陷阱。这或是当下市场普遍忽视的另一个"盲点"。 （一）海外经验"镜鉴"？"低利率"环境下，存在"高波动"陷阱 海外经验显示，低利率并非债市低波动的"避风港"。 1）以美债为例，10Y美债利率与波动率的关系存在 结构性断裂，1990年后美债"利率走低则波动收窄"的规律失效。2）美国以 ...

海外经验显示，低利率环境下债市依然保持较高波动、且调整中易出现1-2月内调整50-100bp的现象，我 们将其称为低利率下的"高波动"陷阱。这或是当下市场普遍忽视的另一个"盲点"。 （一）海外经验"镜鉴"？"低利率"环境下，存在"高波动"陷阱 （二）"高波动"的陷阱背后？一致预期演绎到极致，宏观环境变化下出现反噬 低利率环境下，机构的"同质化策略"与拥挤的交易行为，是债市脆弱性的微观基础。 1）配置型机构为 应对负债端压力会拉长久期，以美国为例，2008-2015年，美国寿险10年以上债券配置占比上升6.3%。 2）交易型机构基差收益薄、融资成本低，倾向于加杠杆，交易也较拥挤。 宏观基本面预期的逆转，通常是打破市场一致预期、导致债市步入高波动的直接诱因。 历史回溯来看， 低利率时代债市出现高波动并不以货币政策趋紧为前提，降息不及预期即可能触发债市回调。政策预期 的变化往往由基本面改善驱动，经验显示，名义GDP修复是高波动的重要诱因。 宏观环境变化下的资金"再平衡"，是加剧债券市场波动的重要催化剂。 历史回溯来看，低利率阶段9次 美债利率50bp以上的反弹期间，标普500悉数上涨；7次日债利率反弹期间，日经22 ...

债市的"盲点"系列之二 2025 年 12 月 09 日 相关研究 《2026年:财政货币政策展望- 2026 年展望报告系列之 2025/12/02 《中长期债基久期上升，机构杠杆率多数上行——机构行为观察周报 率多数上行一 20251121 》 2025/ 《向"改革" 要红利– 2025/11/22 -2026 年 宏观形势展望》 2025/11/16 《居民存款搬家仍处于起步期 申万宏源策略：五问五答看懂居民 存款搬家》 2025/08/19 t «点点»: 《债市的"盲点" ？ ——兼论长们 利率从"2%" 到 "1%" 的距离》 更论长债 利率从 2025/03/17 证券分析师 赵伟 A0230524070010 zhaowei@swsresearch.com 陈达飞 A0230524080010 chendf@swsresearch.com 李欣越 A0230524080004 lixy@swsresearch.com 赵宇 A0230524080007 zhaoyu2@swsresearch.com 王茂宇 A0230521120001 wangmy2@swsresearch.com 联系人 ...

Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the content. Core Views of the Report - Low - interest environment is not a "safe haven" for low bond - market volatility. Overseas bond markets in low - interest environments often experience rapid and significant adjustments, and bond "convexity" amplifies market volatility [3][80]. - The "homogeneous strategies" and crowded trading behaviors of institutions in a low - interest environment are the micro - foundation of bond - market vulnerability. Reversals in macro - fundamental expectations can trigger rapid bond - market adjustments, and the "rebalancing" of funds exacerbates market volatility [4][80]. - In 2026, the economy is expected to move from "confidence building" to an "atypical" recovery. Nominal GDP repair may lead to fund "rebalancing", and the process of large - scale deposit maturity may intensify bond - market volatility [5][80]. Summary According to the Table of Contents 1. Overseas Experience as a Mirror? "Low - interest" Environment May Not Be a "Safe Haven" for Volatility - Low - interest is not a guarantee of low bond - market volatility. After 1990, the rule that "lower interest rates lead to narrower volatility" in US Treasuries failed, and the volatility of government bonds in other developed economies did not converge as their interest rates dropped from 2% to 1% [3][12]. - Bond - market adjustments in low - interest overseas environments are large - scale, fast, and often accompanied by rising term premiums. The average adjustment amplitudes of the US, Germany, France, and Japan are 81bp, 53bp, 59bp, and 74bp respectively, usually occurring within 1 - 2 months [3][21]. - Bond "convexity" magnifies market volatility in low - interest environments. A 30Y Treasury bond's price decline in a low - interest reversal is about 1.7 times that in a high - interest environment [3][26]. 2. Behind the "High - volatility" Trap? Extreme Deduction of Consensus Expectations and Backlash under Macro - environment Changes - In a low - interest environment, the "homogeneous strategies" of institutions are the micro - foundation of bond - market vulnerability. Allocation - type institutions extend durations, and trading - type institutions increase leverage [4][31]. - Reversals in macro - fundamental expectations are the direct cause of high bond - market volatility. High bond - market volatility in the low - interest era often occurs during interest - rate cuts, and nominal GDP repair is an important trigger [4][38]. - The "rebalancing" of funds due to macro - environment changes exacerbates bond - market volatility. During bond - market adjustments, equity markets usually rise, diverting funds from the bond market [4][45]. 3. Current Reflection? In the "Atypical" Recovery of 2026, Be Wary of the "High - volatility" Trap in the Bond Market - In 2026, the economy is expected to recover atypically. Domestic demand will improve with the easing of the "crowding - out effect" of debt resolution and the deepening of domestic - demand expansion policies. External demand will remain strong, and inflation will improve, while monetary policy will be cautious about interest - rate cuts [5][59]. - Nominal GDP repair often leads to fund "rebalancing" and a "strong - stock, weak - bond" pattern. Currently, the market still has room to return to normal, and the difference between the 10Y Treasury yield and the all - A dividend yield is still below 0% [5][64]. - The domestic bond market has insufficient awareness of the "high - volatility" trap in a low - interest environment. With the record - high wealth - management scale and large - scale resident excess savings, the process of large - scale deposit maturity may intensify bond - market volatility [5][69].

Summary of Key Points from Conference Call Industry Overview - The focus is on the bond market strategy for 2026, characterized by a "slow bear" and "divergence" in "relative value" [1] - The real estate industry is expected to bottom out in Q2 2026, with sales, inventory, and new construction growth rates having reached their lowest points [1][6] Core Insights and Arguments - The projected upper limit for interest rates in 2026 is 2.25%, driven primarily by nominal GDP recovery, which is expected to exceed 5% [1][3] - The current policy framework emphasizes stability to address uncertainties and structural challenges, avoiding large-scale stimulus while supporting emerging industries [1][7] - The CPI is forecasted to center around 0.8% next year, while PPI is expected to recover to above -1%, influenced by monetary activation and the bottoming out of real estate investment [1][8] - The market's focus on the lower limit of interest rates is determined by the cost of bank liabilities, which is currently stable at around 1.6% [1][9] Important but Overlooked Content - The phenomenon of monetary activation is reflected in the M1-M2 differential, which has decreased from over 8% to 1%-2% recently, indicating a shift from time deposits to demand deposits [4][5] - The real estate sector is currently experiencing negative growth across all metrics, but improvements are expected as investment growth bottoms out [6] - The sales regulations are aimed at protecting investors and promoting long-term holding, which has led to behavioral changes in the market [21][22] - Non-bank institutions are facing challenges due to new sales regulations and valuation adjustments, leading to potential liquidity opportunities [14] - The macro trading strategy for 2026 will focus on the expected recovery of fundamentals and the panic caused by new redemption fee regulations [15] Market Dynamics - The bond market in 2026 will be characterized by "trading," with structural gaming opportunities arising from the rotation between interest rates and credit [20] - The current monetary policy is expected to have limited room for rate cuts, with only 1-2 potential cuts anticipated [11] - The anticipated rise in funding prices for 2026 is expected to be around 1.5%, slightly higher than the current levels [12] Conclusion - The bond market strategy for 2026 will require a focus on trading and structural opportunities, with an emphasis on liquidity and the impact of regulatory changes on market behavior [20][21]