特朗普签署《大美丽法案》、就业韧性不支持提前降息、 关税又到了十字路口 20250706 摘要 新法案延续了大部分减税措施，对 2026 年 GDP 的拉动预计不超过 0.6 个百分点，对通胀的推升不超过 0.15 个百分点，刺激作用温和，且减 税集中在 2026-2028 年，之后支出削减力度加大。 新法案有助于消除政策不确定性，使企业更好地规划未来投资，但可能 加剧贫富分化，因其减税主要针对大企业，并削减中低收入者福利支出， 同时加征关税对低收入者不利。 各机构测算新法案叠加利息支出，未来十年新增赤字约为 4-5 万亿美元， 但若考虑 2.8 万亿美元关税收入，则新增赤字约为 1.1-2 万亿美元，市 场对美国财政担忧可能被夸大。 6 月份非农就业数据超预期，新增非农就业人数为 14 万人，高于预期， 失业率下降至 4.1%，表明劳动力市场稳步扩张，但与劳动力供给收缩 有关。 美国存在高低技能错配现象，低技能服务业空缺职位较多，高端服务业 受人工智能冲击，这使得美联储在制定货币政策时不会特别着急降息。 Q&A 特朗普签署的"大美丽法案"有哪些主要内容？ 特朗普在 7 月 4 日签署的"大美丽法案"主要包括 ...

Core Viewpoint - The resilience of the labor market is highlighted by the June non-farm payrolls data, which showed an increase of 147,000 jobs, surpassing market expectations of 110,000 jobs, and a decrease in the unemployment rate from 4.2% to 4.1% [1][5] Employment Data Summary - In June, the private sector saw job growth primarily in healthcare and social assistance (+59,000), leisure and hospitality (+20,000), construction (+15,000), and transportation and warehousing (+8,000), while high-skill sectors like business services saw a decrease of 7,000 jobs [2][3] - The ADP report indicated a reduction of 33,000 jobs in the private sector, mainly in high-skill industries, while low-skill sectors like manufacturing and construction experienced job increases [3][4] Structural Labor Market Issues - The labor market is facing a structural mismatch, with government layoffs and advancements in artificial intelligence reducing demand for administrative and high-skill workers, while tightened immigration policies are leading to a shortage of low-skill labor [4][5] - The influx of new immigrants has sharply decreased this year, contributing to a significant reduction in labor supply, which has lowered the "breakeven employment number" needed to keep the unemployment rate stable [4][5] Federal Reserve Outlook - The strong June non-farm payroll data diminishes the likelihood of an interest rate cut in July, with the next potential cut expected in the fourth quarter, contingent on inflation trends [5] - The Federal Reserve is adopting a "wait-and-see" approach, focusing on inflation risks rather than immediate rate cuts, as the labor market remains resilient [5]