巴西《Poder360》11月13日报道，来自12个国家的37名国会议员今日签署共同声明文件，呼吁拉美 国家立法机关应在应对气候变化和可持续发展方面加强作为，制定针对锂、镍、铌等矿物及稀土开采的 监管框架，确保采矿活动符合可持续及社会公正标准。该声明文件还呼吁发达国家履行其既有气候融资 承诺，倡导融资来源多元化，调整化石燃料补贴方向，建立区域性机制以保障相关资源供应的稳定性和 可及性。此外，该声明文件建议使用明确标准量化公共气候支出，提高相关支出透明度，在议会层面建 立机制加强温室气体减排任务监管。 （原标题：拉美地区立法者呼吁加强矿产开发监管） ...

Group 1 - The European Parliament approved a position document on the revision of the European Climate Law, supporting the introduction of a legally binding mid-term climate target for 2040 [1][2] - The document requires the EU to reduce greenhouse gas net emissions by 90% compared to 1990 levels by 2040, while also endorsing flexibility measures proposed by the European Commission for achieving this target [1][2] - The European Parliament supports member states purchasing international carbon credits from cooperating countries to offset up to 5% of their reduction obligations starting in 2036 [1][2] Group 2 - The European Climate Law, passed in 2021, established a legal obligation for member states to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 and set a binding target to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels [2] - The European Commission proposed a revision in July this year to set a target of reducing net greenhouse gas emissions by 90% by 2040, which was agreed upon by the EU Council [2] - The European Parliament will negotiate with the EU Council on the final legislative version following the agreement on the 2040 target [2]

Core Viewpoint - The Korean industry is urging the government to reconsider the 2035 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) target and the fourth phase of the emissions trading system, emphasizing the need for realistic reduction goals that consider industrial capabilities and competitiveness [1][2] Group 1: Industry Concerns - Eight major industry associations, including the Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the Korea Iron and Steel Association, have submitted a joint proposal to the government regarding the upcoming greenhouse gas reduction targets [1] - The industry expresses concern over three of the proposed reduction scenarios (53%, 61%, and 65%), stating that they lack specific pathways for reductions by sector and industry [1] - The industry argues that reasonable reduction targets should be supported by government financial assistance, low-carbon market development, and the establishment of zero-carbon energy infrastructure [1] Group 2: Financial Implications - The industry estimates that during the fourth phase of the emissions trading system, the steel, refining, cement, and petrochemical sectors will need to purchase an additional 910 million tons of emissions rights [1] - At a cost of 50,000 KRW per ton, the total cost for these sectors would reach 50 trillion KRW, which could disadvantage Korean companies in international competition [1] - A representative from the Korea Chamber of Commerce and Industry stated that the industry is not avoiding its reduction responsibilities but seeks to establish a more realistic and feasible target system [1]

Core Points - The European Parliament has passed a position document supporting the addition of legally binding 2040 climate targets to the EU's existing climate law [1] - The document mandates a 90% reduction in greenhouse gas net emissions by 2040 compared to 1990 levels, while also endorsing flexibility measures proposed by the European Commission [1] - The European Parliament supports member states purchasing international carbon credits to offset up to 5% of their reduction obligations starting in 2036 [1] - The inclusion of permanent carbon removal in the EU's carbon trading system is advocated to help offset hard-to-reduce emissions [1] - The European Commission is required to assess member states' progress towards the mid-term targets every two years, with the possibility of proposing amendments to the climate law if necessary [1] - The EU's climate law, established in 2021, set a legally binding obligation for member states to achieve climate neutrality by 2050 and a target of at least a 55% reduction in emissions by 2030 compared to 1990 levels [1] Summary of Related Developments - In July, the European Commission proposed amendments to the European Climate Law, aiming for a 90% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2040 compared to 1990 levels [2] - The EU Council reached an agreement among member states on the amendment to the European Climate Law, maintaining the 2040 target [2] - The European Parliament will negotiate with the EU Council on the final legislative version of the climate law [2]

Core Viewpoint - The 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) emphasizes the urgent need for global action to reduce methane and other non-CO2 greenhouse gas emissions, with a focus on international cooperation and shared responsibility [1][2]. Group 1: Global Cooperation and Commitment - China, Brazil, and the UK co-hosted a summit on methane and other non-CO2 greenhouse gases, aiming to accelerate global reduction efforts [1]. - Chinese Minister of Ecology and Environment, Huang Runqiu, highlighted China's commitment to global climate governance and its ambitious 2035 national contribution targets, which now include methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases [1]. - The conference participants stressed the importance of trust, partnerships, and shared responsibilities in expediting climate action [1]. Group 2: Impact of Methane Reduction - COP30 CEO Anna Toni and UK Minister Ed Miliband noted that reducing methane and other non-CO2 emissions is one of the fastest and most effective ways to mitigate global warming [2]. - Brazilian Minister of Environment and Climate Change, Marina Silva, stated that reducing methane emissions could help keep global temperature rise within 1.5 degrees Celsius, thereby reducing the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events and protecting vulnerable populations [2].

Core Points - The COP30 summit, focusing on global climate change, is taking place in Belem, Brazil, from November 6 to 21, with discussions on greenhouse gas reduction and climate funding [2][4][6] - The absence of the U.S. delegation, including President Trump, casts a shadow over the conference, contrasting with the previous Biden administration's participation [4][5] - China, represented by Vice Premier Ding Xuexiang, emphasizes its commitment to green transformation and aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 7-10% from peak levels by 2035 [5][6] Group 1: U.S. Participation - The U.S. is the second-largest CO2 emitter globally, and its lack of high-level representation at COP30 is significant [4] - Trump has previously dismissed climate change as a "hoax" and initiated the U.S. withdrawal from the Paris Agreement, effective January 2026 [5] Group 2: China's Role - China's participation at a high level indicates its seriousness about climate discussions, with Ding Xuexiang stating, "China speaks and acts with integrity" [5] - The Chinese government has set ambitious targets for reducing emissions, showcasing its leadership in the climate arena [5] Group 3: European and Other Nations' Involvement - European leaders, including the UK Prime Minister and French President, are expected to attend, although internal political instability may affect their commitment to climate initiatives [6] - Japan's Prime Minister is absent due to domestic priorities, but Japan has set significant emission reduction targets for 2035 and 2040 [6] Group 4: Climate Funding and Goals - A key agenda item is the climate funding arrangement for developing countries, with developed nations expected to contribute $300 billion annually by 2035 [6] - Approximately 100 countries have submitted new targets for emissions reduction by 2035, with a UN report indicating a projected 17% decrease in global emissions compared to 2019 levels [6][7] Group 5: Global Temperature and Natural Disasters - The Copernicus Climate Change Service reports that global average temperatures in 2024 may exceed the Paris Agreement's 1.5°C target, highlighting the urgency of international cooperation [7] - Increasing natural disasters, such as droughts and floods, are also on the agenda, particularly affecting regions like the Amazon [7]

Group 1 - The eighth China International Import Expo (CIIE) is being held from November 5 to 10 in Shanghai, highlighting China's advancements in the energy storage sector and its international market expansion [1] - China's energy storage enterprises are seizing market opportunities, leveraging advanced technology and supply chain advantages, contributing significantly to global energy transition and green development [1] - The Chinese government is committed to international cooperation, encouraging foreign enterprises to establish R&D centers and production bases in China while guiding domestic companies to expand abroad [1] Group 2 - Nicaragua is seeking to diversify its economy and enhance energy supply capabilities, expressing interest in collaborating with Chinese companies in renewable energy and energy storage projects [2] - Nicaragua has favorable natural conditions for developing solar, wind, and geothermal energy, and aims to deepen partnerships with China to contribute to global energy transition [2] - Nobel laureate and former U.S. Energy Secretary Steven Chu emphasizes the need for a combination of technologies to achieve deep decarbonization despite the declining costs of renewable energy [2] Group 3 - Steven Chu praises China's global leadership in controlling costs for large wind turbines, battery storage, and nuclear reactor construction [3] - Efficient and economical energy storage, next-generation nuclear energy, and carbon capture and storage (CCUS) technologies are essential solutions for addressing electricity demand and emissions in various industries [3] - The global energy storage market is experiencing unexpected growth, with significant regional differences in development stages and demand structures, necessitating local integration and technological adaptation by companies [3]

Core Viewpoint - The United Nations Environment Programme's report indicates that global warming remains a severe issue, with current climate commitments under the Paris Agreement only slightly alleviating the trend of rising global temperatures, leading to increased climate risks and damages [1]. Group 1: Climate Goals and Emission Reduction - The Paris Agreement aims to limit the increase in global average temperature to within 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to keep it within 1.5 degrees Celsius [1]. - To achieve these temperature goals, global greenhouse gas emissions need to be reduced by 35% and 55% from 2019 levels by 2035 [1]. - The report suggests that without significant emission reductions, global warming could exceed 1.5 degrees Celsius within the next decade [1]. Group 2: Expected Temperature Increases - If countries fully implement their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), global warming is projected to reach between 2.3 to 2.5 degrees Celsius this century, while current policies could lead to a rise of 2.8 degrees Celsius [1]. - These projections show slight improvements compared to last year's report, but emphasize the need for faster and more substantial greenhouse gas reductions to mitigate climate risks [1]. Group 3: Technological Capabilities - The report highlights that since the adoption of the Paris Agreement, the necessary low-carbon technologies for significant emission reductions are available, with the wind and solar industries driving down application costs [2]. - This indicates that the international community has the capability to accelerate climate action if there is a collective commitment [2].

Core Insights - The latest climate commitments under the Paris Agreement are insufficient to significantly mitigate global temperature rise this century, leading to increased climate risks and damages [1][2] Group 1: Climate Goals and Emission Reduction - To meet the Paris Agreement's temperature control targets, global greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by 35% and 55% by 2035 compared to 2019 levels [1] - If countries fully implement their Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), global warming is projected to reach 2.3 to 2.5 degrees Celsius, while current policies could lead to a rise of 2.8 degrees Celsius [1] - The report emphasizes the need for faster and more substantial greenhouse gas reductions to minimize climate risks and damages, aiming to return to the 1.5 degrees Celsius target by 2100, despite significant challenges [1] Group 2: Technological Advancements - Since the adoption of the Paris Agreement, the necessary low-carbon technologies for significant emission reductions are available, with the wind and solar industries driving down application costs [2] - This indicates that if the international community is determined, it has the capability to accelerate climate action [2]

Core Points - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment announced that by 2035, the national carbon market is expected to cover over 80% of China's total carbon emissions [1][2] - China's new round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) is summarized as a "1+3+3" package, combining qualitative and quantitative targets [2] Group 1 - The new quantitative target includes a 7%-10% reduction in net greenhouse gas emissions from peak levels by 2035, translating to a reduction of over 1 billion tons of CO2 equivalent [2] - The first "3" refers to three quantitative indicators for 2030, including non-fossil energy consumption reaching over 30% of total energy consumption, wind and solar power capacity increasing to over six times the 2020 level, and forest stock reaching over 24 billion cubic meters [2] - The second "3" introduces three qualitative indicators, such as making new energy vehicles the mainstream of new vehicle sales, covering major high-emission industries in the national carbon trading market, and establishing a climate-resilient society [2]