新华社北京5月27日电 题：进一步完善生态环境法律法规体系——生态环境部回应生态环境法治建 设热点问题 新华社记者高敬 广受关注的生态环境法典草案正在公开征求意见。法典草案有何亮点？未来法典颁布后对生态环境 法律体系有何影响？生态环境部法规与标准司司长赵柯27日对此进行了回应。 在生态环境部当天举行的新闻发布会上，赵柯介绍，生态环境领域的立法工作取得显著成效。我国 现行有效的生态环境法律30多部、行政法规100多件、地方性法规1000多件。这一生态环境法律法规体 系，以环境保护法为统领，涵盖了水、气、声等各类污染要素以及山水林田湖草沙等各类自然生态系 统。 编纂生态环境法典，是党中央作出的重大法治建设部署。生态环境部积极配合立法机关推进法典编 纂工作。在赵柯看来，法典草案有五方面亮点： 一是延续性，保留了经过实践检验行之有效的制度措施。党的十八大以来，生态环境法律制度与时 俱进，为法典编纂提供了坚实的基础。法典草案中，生态环境影响评价、大气污染防治、水污染防治等 章节保留了现行法律的核心内容，保持了法律的相对稳定性。 二是现实性，解决管理实践中的痛点难点问题。如第三方监测机构等环境服务机构的监管存在着薄 弱环 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of legal norms and guarantees in ecological and environmental protection, highlighting the Ministry of Ecology and Environment's efforts in legislative promotion and standard upgrades [1] - The compilation of the Ecological Environment Code is a milestone in China's environmental legislation, with the draft being reviewed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress [1][2] - The implementation of the "Interim Regulations on Carbon Emission Trading Management" provides a clear legal basis for the carbon market, promoting its healthy development [1] Group 2 - The draft Ecological Environment Code consists of 1,188 articles and approximately 160,000 words, featuring five highlights including continuity, responsiveness, systematization, innovation, and foresight [2] - The Ministry has released a total of 3,040 national ecological environment standards, with 2,486 currently effective, as part of its standard optimization and upgrade efforts [3] - Since the reform of the ecological environment damage compensation system began, approximately 55,100 cases have been handled nationwide, involving compensation amounts exceeding 33 billion [3]

Core Viewpoint - The compilation of the Ecological Environment Code is a significant milestone in China's environmental legislation history, marking a major political and legislative task determined by the central government [1][6]. Group 1: Legislative Progress - The Ecological Environment Code draft consists of 1,188 articles and approximately 160,000 words, currently open for public consultation [1]. - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment emphasizes the importance of incorporating feedback from various stakeholders, including local environmental departments, experts, and the public [1]. Group 2: Key Highlights of the Draft - The draft maintains continuity by preserving effective institutional measures from existing laws, such as environmental impact assessments and pollution prevention [3]. - It addresses practical challenges faced by local enforcement agencies, granting independent enforcement authority to county-level environmental bureaus, thereby enhancing enforcement efficiency [3]. - The draft strengthens oversight of third-party monitoring agencies and sets requirements for key personnel in environmental assessment institutions to improve the quality of assessment documents [3][5]. Group 3: Systematic Integration - The draft eliminates redundant and contradictory provisions from existing laws, enhancing the systematization, integrity, and coordination of environmental legal frameworks [4]. - Several reform measures have been elevated to legal status, including unified ecological environment supervision and ecological damage compensation systems [5]. Group 4: Future Legislative Actions - The Ministry plans to comprehensively clean up and upgrade supporting regulations to align with the new code, ensuring consistency across environmental laws [6][7]. - The draft includes nearly 50 instances where the State Council or the Ministry of Ecology and Environment is authorized to develop specific regulations, indicating a proactive approach to legislative updates [7]. - The Ministry will also focus on supplementary legislation for emerging areas, such as climate change, to establish a legal foundation for future developments [7].

Core Viewpoint - The draft of the Ecological Environment Code addresses critical issues in management practices, enhancing the enforcement efficiency at the grassroots level [1][2]. Group 1: Legislative Developments - The Ecological Environment Code has been submitted for review by the National People's Congress Standing Committee and is currently open for public consultation [1]. - The Ministry of Ecology and Environment aims to comprehensively clean up and upgrade the supporting systems to improve the ecological environment legal framework [1][5]. - The compilation of the Ecological Environment Code is considered a significant milestone in China's environmental legislation history [1]. Group 2: Key Features of the Draft - The draft retains effective institutional measures that have been validated through practice, maintaining core content from existing laws on ecological impact assessments and pollution prevention [1]. - It addresses management challenges by granting independent enforcement authority to county-level ecological environment bureaus, resolving the issue of visibility in management [1][2]. - The draft strengthens the regulation of third-party monitoring agencies to improve the quality of monitoring data and addresses issues of fraud in environmental assessment institutions [2]. Group 3: Systematic Integration - The draft enhances the systematic nature of the legal framework by removing redundant and contradictory clauses from existing laws, promoting overall coherence and coordination [2]. - It elevates certain reform measures to legal status, such as unified ecological environment supervision and damage compensation [2]. Group 4: Future Directions - The draft includes provisions for emerging fields, such as climate change, which currently lack specific legal regulations, laying the groundwork for future legislation [2]. - Following the implementation of the Ecological Environment Code, many existing environmental laws will be repealed, prompting a reevaluation of ecological management directions [3].

Core Viewpoint - The draft of the "Ecological Environment Code of the People's Republic of China" was submitted for review, consisting of five parts and a total of 1188 articles, aiming to systematically integrate and enhance existing ecological environment laws [4][6]. Summary by Sections General Principles - The General Principles section outlines important legal principles and foundational laws that govern other sections, comprising 9 chapters and 143 articles. It includes provisions on standards and monitoring, environmental impact assessments, ecological protection compensation, and responses to sudden ecological events [8][7]. Pollution Prevention - The Pollution Prevention section integrates and optimizes existing laws related to air, water, soil, solid waste, noise, and radioactive pollution, divided into 9 sub-sections and 525 articles. It covers specific regulations for air, water, marine, soil, solid waste, noise, and radioactive pollution prevention [10][11]. Ecological Protection - The Ecological Protection section shifts from a single-element protection approach to a systematic protection philosophy, consisting of 7 chapters and 265 articles. It addresses ecosystem protection, sustainable resource use, species protection, and ecological restoration [13][12]. Green and Low-Carbon Development - The Green and Low-Carbon Development section focuses on establishing legal frameworks for critical areas related to ecological protection, comprising 4 chapters and 113 articles [15][14]. Legal Responsibilities and Appendices - The Legal Responsibilities and Appendices section sets comprehensive and strict legal responsibilities based on the provisions of the other sections, including 3 chapters and 142 articles. It addresses general rules, penalties, and additional provisions [17][16].

Core Points - The draft of the Ecological Environment Code marks a significant step in the compilation of environmental laws in China, integrating over 30 existing laws and numerous regulations into a comprehensive framework [2][3] Group 1: Key Highlights - The draft emphasizes a people-centered approach, aiming to address local ecological issues that affect citizens directly, with a focus on public health and environmental rights [3][4] - New regulations are introduced to prevent pollution at the source, particularly addressing issues like cooking fumes, odor, and construction noise, by enhancing planning and zoning measures [5] - A separate chapter on green and low-carbon development reflects China's commitment to its dual carbon goals and high-quality development strategies [6][7] Group 2: New Areas of Focus - The draft includes provisions for the management of new pollutants such as chemical substances, electromagnetic radiation, and light pollution, addressing emerging environmental risks [8][9] - It grants independent enforcement powers to county-level environmental agencies, enhancing local governance and accountability in environmental protection [10][11] Group 3: Legislative Improvements - The draft strengthens regulations on mobile source pollution, including engines and railway locomotives, to improve oversight of emissions from vehicles [12][13] - It introduces unified penalties for third-party environmental monitoring agencies that engage in fraudulent practices, addressing gaps in current enforcement mechanisms [14][15] Group 4: Addressing Conflicts and Enhancing Enforcement - The draft standardizes penalties for non-compliance across various environmental laws, improving clarity and consistency in enforcement [16] - It adjusts penalties for individuals involved in hazardous waste activities, aiming to enhance legal applicability and enforcement efficiency [17][18] Group 5: Responding to New Challenges - New regulations are established for the management of construction waste and the disposal of retired renewable energy products, addressing contemporary waste management challenges [19] - A dedicated chapter for responding to sudden ecological events is included, aiming to improve the legal framework for emergency environmental management [20]

Group 1 - The National People's Congress (NPC) Standing Committee has passed the Private Economy Promotion Law, which aims to promote the development of the private economy by ensuring equal treatment, fair competition, and protection of rights [2] - The law includes provisions on market access, resource guarantees, standardized operations, service support, and rights protection, contributing to the establishment of a high-level socialist market economy [2] - The NPC is also working on compiling an ecological environment code, which reflects the principles of ecological civilization and aims to ensure sustainable environmental development [2][3] Group 2 - The newly revised Infectious Disease Prevention Law provides a more comprehensive legal framework for enhancing public health risk management and disease prevention [3] - The NPC has conducted reviews of various legislative drafts, including the Atomic Energy Law and the Arbitration Law, emphasizing the importance of thorough research and improvement of these drafts [3] - The NPC is focused on deepening ecological civilization reforms and improving environmental quality, as well as enhancing supervision of state asset management [3][4]

Core Viewpoint - The draft of the "Ecological Environment Code" is presented for review, marking China's second law named as a "code" after the Civil Code, aimed at promoting harmonious coexistence between humans and nature [1] Summary by Sections General Principles - The draft consists of five parts, with the General Principles section outlining important legal principles and comprehensive legal systems applicable to other sections, comprising 143 articles [2][3] - The legislative purpose is to protect the ecological environment, prevent pollution, ensure public health, and promote green development [3] Pollution Prevention - The Pollution Prevention section includes provisions for air, water, marine, soil, and solid waste pollution, totaling 525 articles [4] - It integrates existing pollution prevention laws and regulations, focusing on specific pollutants [4][10] Ecological Protection - The Ecological Protection section emphasizes a systematic protection approach, covering ecosystem protection, natural resource conservation, species protection, and important geographical unit protection, with 265 articles [5][6] - It aims to address ecological degradation and restoration while ensuring sustainable use of natural resources [6] Green Low-Carbon Development - The Green Low-Carbon Development section focuses on critical areas related to ecological protection, establishing legal frameworks for circular economy, energy conservation, and climate change response, comprising 113 articles [6] - This section is unique to China's ecological environment code, highlighting its value in promoting new development concepts [6] Legal Responsibilities and Appendices - The Legal Responsibilities and Appendices section outlines general rules, penalties, and additional provisions, consisting of 142 articles [6] - It establishes legal responsibilities for the prohibitive and obligatory provisions in the previous sections [6] Systematic Integration of Existing Laws - The code aims to systematically integrate over 30 existing environmental laws and more than 100 administrative regulations, addressing inconsistencies and conflicts among them [7][10] - It categorizes existing laws into three treatment types: full integration, selective incorporation, and new provisions for emerging legal needs [8][9] Practical Implications - The draft provides a comprehensive legal basis for pollution prevention, enhancing the protection of public ecological interests [10][13] - It incorporates effective pollution prevention practices into legal provisions, filling existing legal gaps and guiding future legislation [12][13]

Core Viewpoint - The draft of the "Ecological Environment Code of the People's Republic of China" was presented for the first review at the 15th meeting of the 14th National People's Congress Standing Committee, marking a significant step in the legal framework for ecological civilization and environmental protection in China [1][2]. Group 1: Legislative Framework - The Ecological Environment Code consists of five parts: General Principles, Pollution Prevention, Ecological Protection, Green Low-Carbon Development, and Legal Responsibilities, totaling 1188 articles [1]. - This code is the second law in China to be named a "code," following the Civil Code, and represents a major legal initiative by the central government to promote harmonious coexistence between humans and nature [1][2]. Group 2: Systematic Integration - The compilation of the Ecological Environment Code aims to address the fragmented nature of existing environmental laws, which have led to inconsistencies and inefficiencies in regulatory frameworks [2]. - The code will not only compile existing laws but also integrate and innovate the legal system to enhance its systematic, holistic, and timely nature, adapting to new challenges and requirements [2][3]. Group 3: Focus Areas - The code will encompass comprehensive laws related to ecological protection and pollution prevention, while also addressing critical areas of green low-carbon development and climate change [3]. - It aims to incorporate essential legal norms related to water basins, natural resources, biodiversity, and circular economy, ensuring the code remains open and compatible with future developments [3].

Group 1 - The meeting of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress (NPC) focused on various legislative proposals, including the draft law on promoting the development of the private economy, which aims to enhance legal protections for labor rights and create a favorable legal environment for high-quality development of the private sector [2] - The revision of the Infectious Disease Prevention Law was discussed, emphasizing the responsibilities of health authorities and improving measures for epidemic control and medical institution capabilities [2] - The draft amendment to the Atomic Energy Law was presented, highlighting the importance of a rational and coordinated approach to nuclear safety and promoting the application of nuclear technology in various fields [2] - The revision of the Arbitration Law was also reviewed, which includes provisions for enhancing international cooperation in arbitration and improving the support system for arbitration by courts [2] Group 2 - The compilation of the Ecological Environment Code is a significant legal initiative aimed at integrating existing environmental laws and reflecting Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought [3] - The State Council proposed a draft law on national development planning to enhance macroeconomic governance and ensure the implementation of national development strategies [3] - A draft amendment to the Prison Law was introduced to improve prison safety and the quality of education and rehabilitation for inmates [3] - The State Council also presented a proposal for adjusting the Seed Law regulations in the Xinjiang Free Trade Zone [3] Group 3 - The meeting included discussions on international treaties, such as the agreement on the transfer of sentenced persons with Ethiopia and the judicial cooperation agreement with Saudi Arabia [4] - The report on the 2024 environmental status indicated that all ecological quality improvement targets were met, with public satisfaction exceeding 90% for four consecutive years [4] - The report on state-owned asset management for 2023 highlighted the handling of audit findings and the implementation of corrective measures [4]