发轫之声："生生之学"的思想源流回响 （来源：法治日报） 转自：法治日报 □ 本报记者 陈红卫 □ 本报通讯员 王雨阳 日前，由中国社会科学院法学研究所主办、生态法研究室承办 的"生生之学"与生态环境法典编纂：理念契合、制度建构与中国化表达跨学科学术研讨会在京举行。来 自中国社会科学院、清华大学、北京大学、中国人民大学、中国政法大学等十余所高校、科研机构的近 50位专家学者齐聚一堂，深入探讨生态文明话语体系的现代转化。 会议以生态环境法典编纂这一重大 立法工程为牵引，聚焦生态环境法典的中国化表达这一核心命题，系统性地将法学、哲学、史学、文 学、政治学、社会学、民族学、经济学与生态学等十余个学科汇聚于同一学术场域，共商中国传统"生 生文化"的当代表达与法典化可能，围绕生态法治的价值与思想根基、生态治理的制度生成路径以及生 态全球治理的历史演变规律，形成从思想根基到制度形态的全链条讨论，为我国生态环境法典编纂提供 文化底蕴、价值支撑与理论框架。 中国社会科学院法学研究所副所长谢增毅在致辞中表示，生态环境 法典编纂是继民法典之后我国又一重大立法工程。生态环境治理既涉及人与自然的关系，也涉及复杂的 社会关系，跨学科研 ...

生态环境监测数据是客观评价生态环境质量状况、实施生态环境管理与决策的基本依据。强化对监测机 构的监管，减少数据造假等行为，对保障监测数据质量发挥着重要作用。草案三审稿明确，对生态环境 监测机构实行备案管理，强化监管。 草案三审稿完善了秸秆、落叶等焚烧的组织和管理相关规定，同时对固体废物跨省倾倒转移这一"顽 疾"，增加了相关的监管规定。 "生态环境改善，野生动物规模扩大是好事，也带来新烦恼。庄稼被毁、草场争食，甚至野兽进城、伤 人事件时有发生。"中国政法大学环境资源法研究所所长侯佳儒说，草案三审稿增加多条规定，着力引 导解决"人兽冲突"问题，核心思路是保护要科学，管理要跟上，人命最重要。 新华社北京12月22日电（记者高敬、魏冠宇）分拆审议后再"合体"的生态环境法典草案三次审议稿，22 日提请全国人大常委会会议审议。 生态环境法典是我国第二部以"法典"命名的法律。2025年4月，生态环境法典草案整体亮相，初次提请 审议的草案共分5编，包括总则编、污染防治编、生态保护编、绿色低碳发展编、法律责任和附则编。 今年9月和10月，生态环境法典各编草案分拆为两批完成了二审。按照工作安排，将分拆审议并修改完 善的各编草案重 ...

分拆审议后再"合体"的生态环境法典草案三次审议稿，12月22日提请全国人大常委会会议审议。 2025年12月22日 生态环境法典草案 三次审议稿 提请全国人大常委会会议审议 为美丽中国建设 提供更强法治保障 新华社权威快报 生态环境法典是我国第二部以"法典"命名的法律。2025年4月，生态环境法典草案整体亮相，初次 提请审议的草案共分5编，包括总则编、污染防治编、生态保护编、绿色低碳发展编、法律责任和附则 编。今年9月和10月，生态环境法典各编草案分拆为两批完成了二审。按照工作安排，将分拆审议并修 改完善的各编草案重新"合体"提请三次审议。 翻阅1200余条的草案三审稿，有哪些新的修改？吸收了哪些意见建议？ 草案三审稿进一步总结和体现司法实践成果，对人民法院、人民检察院在生态环境保护工作中的职 责作进一步补充完善。同时，完善生态环境信用监管制度，增加信用修复的内容。 生态环境监测数据是客观评价生态环境质量状况、实施生态环境管理与决策的基本依据。强化对监 测机构的监管，减少数据造假等行为，对保障监测数据质量发挥着重要作用。草案三审稿明确，对生态 环境监测机构实行备案管理，强化监管。 如何让法律长出牙齿？草案三审 ...

分拆审议后再"合体"的生态环境法典草案三次审议稿，22日提请全国人大常委会会议审议。 草案三审稿完善了秸秆、落叶等焚烧的组织和管理相关规定，同时对固体废物跨省倾倒转移这一"顽 疾"，增加了相关的监管规定。 "生态环境改善，野生动物规模扩大是好事，也带来新烦恼。庄稼被毁、草场争食，甚至野兽进城、伤 人事件时有发生。"中国政法大学环境资源法研究所所长侯佳儒说，草案三审稿增加多条规定，着力引 导解决"人兽冲突"问题，核心思路是保护要科学，管理要跟上，人命最重要。 侯佳儒表示，最引人关注的是"紧急避险"条款。草案三审稿明确，在野生动物危及人身安全的紧急情况 下，采取措施造成野生动物损害的，依法不承担法律责任。这为身处险境的人提供了清晰的法律保障， 确立了"生命权优先"的原则。但必须强调，这仅适用于千钧一发的自卫，绝非鼓励伤害野生动物，其目 的是解决"保人还是保动物"的极端困境。这意味着我国野生动物保护理念正走向更加成熟、务实的新阶 段。 生态环境法典是我国第二部以"法典"命名的法律。2025年4月，生态环境法典草案整体亮相，初次提请 审议的草案共分5编，包括总则编、污染防治编、生态保护编、绿色低碳发展编、法律责任和附 ...

Group 1: Core Perspectives - The construction of a Beautiful China is a long-term strategic task and systematic project, with a focus on achieving harmony between humans and nature by 2035 [2][5] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is identified as a critical window for comprehensive green transformation in China's economy and society, emphasizing the need for systemic solutions [3][5] Group 2: Green Development and Innovation - Green development is highlighted as a distinctive feature of Chinese modernization, necessitating the acceleration of green productivity and the promotion of systemic governance of ecological pollution [3][6] - The need for a high-level ecological environment technology innovation system is emphasized, focusing on integrating research, technology breakthroughs, and practical applications [12] Group 3: Pollution Prevention and Control - Continuous advancement in the governance of new pollutants is essential for pollution prevention and the construction of a Beautiful China, requiring a full lifecycle risk management approach [4][7] - The implementation of solid waste comprehensive governance actions is necessary to promote source reduction and address solid waste issues in key areas [7] Group 4: Climate Change and Carbon Neutrality - The "14th Five-Year Plan" period is a strategic period for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, with a focus on transitioning the energy structure and promoting low-carbon development across various sectors [10][11] - The establishment of a carbon market is seen as a significant institutional innovation to control greenhouse gas emissions and facilitate a comprehensive green low-carbon transition [11] Group 5: Policy and Institutional Reforms - Deepening ecological civilization system reforms is crucial to address complex environmental challenges and enhance the ecological environment governance system [8][9] - The development of green finance is essential for supporting the construction of a Beautiful China, with an unprecedented demand for financing during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [4][9]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of local legislation in supporting the overall development and stability of the country, guided by Xi Jinping's thoughts on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era [1][2] - Local People's Congresses have actively played their legislative roles since the 18th National Congress, enhancing legislative quality and creating a new landscape for local legislation [1][2] Group 2 - The emphasis is placed on understanding the decisive significance of the "two establishments" and the "two safeguards," enhancing political consciousness in implementing Xi Jinping's legal thought [2] - Local legislation should align with the strategic planning of the central government, focusing on key areas, emerging fields, and foreign-related legislation to improve the legal system [2] - The compilation of the ecological environment code is highlighted as a major legal construction initiative, aiming to reflect the achievements of ecological civilization and ensure the code is systematic and coordinated [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of local legislation in supporting the overall development of the party and the country, guided by Xi Jinping's thoughts on socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era [1][2] - Local People's Congresses have actively engaged in legislative functions, enhancing legislative quality and creating a new landscape for local legislation since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China [1][2] Group 2 - The need to deepen understanding of the "two establishments" and "two safeguards" is highlighted, aiming to enhance political consciousness and action in implementing Xi Jinping's legal thought [2] - Local legislation should align with the strategic planning of the central government, focusing on key areas, emerging fields, and foreign-related legislation to improve the legal system [2] - The compilation of the ecological environment code is identified as a significant legal construction task, requiring adherence to Xi Jinping's ecological civilization thought and legal thought [2]

Core Viewpoint - The public consultation for the "Ecological Environment Code (Draft)" has garnered significant attention, with 61 suggestions submitted, reflecting a strong societal interest in the legislative process [1][5]. Group 1: Public Participation - The consultation period from April 30 to June 13 saw the establishment of a dedicated column for public input, leading to a diverse range of contributions from various stakeholders [1][5]. - The submissions included insights from environmental law experts, judicial and enforcement personnel, environmental NGOs, lawyers, and concerned citizens, indicating a broad participation base [4]. Group 2: Focus Areas of Suggestions - The majority of the 61 submissions focused on key sections of the draft, with 13 on general principles, 10 on pollution prevention, and 38 on legal responsibilities and supplementary provisions, highlighting a concentration on legal accountability [3][4]. - Many suggestions came from grassroots enforcement personnel, emphasizing practical concerns regarding the implementation of legal responsibilities and the usability of legal texts [4]. Group 3: Characteristics of Suggestions - The suggestions are characterized by their focus on critical, challenging, and trending issues, such as the coordination of responsibilities across multiple laws and the prevention of inconsistent penalties [4]. - A significant portion of the feedback was provided by legal experts in the ecological environment field, offering detailed analyses and constructive amendments to specific legal concepts and wording [4]. Group 4: Future Actions - The collected suggestions have been compiled into a report for the National People's Congress Standing Committee, demonstrating the commitment to incorporating public input into the legislative process [5]. - The column for gathering suggestions will continue to operate, ensuring ongoing engagement and refinement of the draft code [5].

Core Viewpoint - The draft of the ecological environment code is currently open for public consultation, aiming to enhance the legal framework for ecological environment protection in China [1][2]. Summary by Relevant Sections Legislative Achievements - The ecological environment legislation has made significant progress, with over 30 effective laws and more than 100 administrative regulations currently in place, along with around 1,000 local regulations [1]. Highlights of the Draft Code - **Continuity**: The draft retains effective institutional measures that have been validated through practice, ensuring stability in core areas such as environmental impact assessments and pollution prevention [1]. - **Practicality**: The draft addresses management challenges, such as strengthening the oversight of third-party monitoring agencies to improve data quality [2]. - **Systematic Approach**: It removes redundant and contradictory clauses from existing laws, enhancing the overall coherence and coordination of the legal system [2]. - **Innovation**: The draft elevates certain reform measures, like ecological zoning and environmental damage compensation, to the level of legal provisions [2]. - **Forward-looking**: It includes provisions for emerging areas, such as climate change, which currently lack specific legal frameworks, laying the groundwork for future legislation [2]. Implementation Post-Publication - Following the enactment of the code, it will replace the existing Environmental Protection Law and unify the ecological environment legal framework, leading to the repeal of 10 existing laws [2][3]. - The ecological environment department will conduct a comprehensive review and upgrade of supporting regulations to align with the new code, ensuring consistency and compliance [3]. - There will be a push for supplementary legislation in emerging fields like climate change and green low-carbon development, which currently lack dedicated laws [3].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of legal norms and guarantees in ecological and environmental protection, highlighting the Ministry of Ecology and Environment's efforts in legislative promotion and standard upgrades [1] - The compilation of the Ecological Environment Code is a milestone in China's environmental legislation, with the draft being reviewed by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress [1][2] - The implementation of the "Interim Regulations on Carbon Emission Trading Management" provides a clear legal basis for the carbon market, promoting its healthy development [1] Group 2 - The draft Ecological Environment Code consists of 1,188 articles and approximately 160,000 words, featuring five highlights including continuity, responsiveness, systematization, innovation, and foresight [2] - The Ministry has released a total of 3,040 national ecological environment standards, with 2,486 currently effective, as part of its standard optimization and upgrade efforts [3] - Since the reform of the ecological environment damage compensation system began, approximately 55,100 cases have been handled nationwide, involving compensation amounts exceeding 33 billion [3]