中国学者答巴西友人：展望"十五五"，如何以科技创新推动高质量发展？｜ 问答中国 中新网12月17日电(记者 甘甜 陈天浩)"十五五"时期，中国将如何更好地把同理心、同情心，以及利他 主义理念，融入新兴技术发展过程中？在这一过程中，如何能做到"以人为本""以环境为核心"？近日， 巴西南里奥格兰德联邦大学信息学教授埃德森·普雷特斯在最新一期《问答中国》节目中，发出提问。 围绕相关提问，中国现代国际关系研究院研究员、金砖暨G20中心主任徐飞彪做出深入回答。 徐飞彪表示，《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》将"科技自立自强水 平大幅提高"列入"十五五"时期经济社会发展的主要目标，不仅为我国科技事业发展指明了前进方向， 也释放了中国坚持开放合作、互利共赢的强烈信号。 他进一步指出，从"十五五"时期经济社会发展必须遵循的原则来看，其中一大原则就是坚持高质量发 展，也就是说，以新发展理念引领发展，推动经济持续健康发展和社会全面进步。 "从科技发展的角度来看，中国不是'蒙着头'、关着门在搞科技发展，而是打开门去发展，所践行的是 真正的利他主义。"徐飞彪进一步指出。 此外，徐飞彪表示，"十五五"规划建议 ...

Core Points - The article discusses the organization of a series of youth lectures by the Communist Youth League Central Committee, focusing on the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the "14th Five-Year Plan" achievements, as well as the vision for the "15th Five-Year Plan" [1] Group 1 - The youth lectures are being held in various provinces including Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Fujian, and Shaanxi, with themes centered around youth responsibility and contributions to national development [1][2][3][4] - In Heilongjiang, over 400 participants engaged in discussions about technological advancements named after traditional Chinese cultural elements, emphasizing the importance of high-level technological self-reliance [2] - In Jiangsu, interactive sessions encouraged youth to explore the application of party policies in their daily lives, highlighting local development stories and technological innovations in sports [2] Group 2 - In Fujian, the lectures focused on integrating green development into everyday life, with examples such as shared bicycles and low-carbon delivery services, resonating with local youth [3] - In Shaanxi, discussions included the significance of national security in modern technology, with examples of local achievements in digital preservation and the application of various academic disciplines in national development [4] - The overall initiative aims to instill a sense of responsibility among youth, encouraging them to align their personal growth with national development goals [4]

Core Viewpoint - The formation of a green production and lifestyle is a crucial initiative proposed by the 20th Central Committee to promote comprehensive green transformation in economic and social development, contributing to the construction of a beautiful China [1] Group 1: Green Production - Since the 14th Five-Year Plan, China's energy structure has been continuously optimized, with renewable energy generation capacity reaching historic highs, making wind and solar power generation capacity and output rank first in the world [1] - The optimization of industrial layout and technological upgrades in green production aims to reduce resource consumption and pollution emissions from the supply side [1] Group 2: Green Lifestyle - The promotion of a green lifestyle is essential for driving production changes through shifts in consumption patterns and public participation, forming a mutually reinforcing relationship with green production [1] - The coverage and resource utilization rates of urban household waste classification have significantly improved nationwide [1] Group 3: Challenges and Shortcomings - The production side still faces structural contradictions, with high-energy-consuming industries like steel, cement, and chemicals remaining dominant, and many enterprises are reluctant or unable to transition to greener practices [2] - On the consumption side, public awareness and acceptance of green products need improvement, as high premiums and inconsistent standards hinder consumer willingness [2] Group 4: Systematic and Intelligent Green Transition - To promote a widespread green production and lifestyle, it is essential to systematize, industrialize, and digitize the green transition, integrating green development into industrial planning [2] - The establishment of zero-carbon industrial parks and the promotion of green energy supply models are crucial for making green standards a prerequisite for industrial entry [2] Group 5: Policy and Responsibility - It is necessary to strengthen the responsibility of enterprises and stimulate their internal motivation through a balanced approach of constraints and incentives, including financial subsidies and tax reductions for green technological upgrades [3] - Building a green supply chain system and leveraging leading enterprises to set green procurement standards can drive collaborative emission reductions across the supply chain [3] Group 6: Cultivating Green Consumption Culture - Fostering a green consumption culture and enhancing public awareness through initiatives like "carbon credits" for low-carbon behaviors can make green actions tangible and rewarding [3] - Public education and campaigns such as "Green Life into Thousands of Homes" and "National Low Carbon Day" are essential for internalizing and externalizing a green lifestyle [3]

Core Viewpoint - Green development is a prominent feature of Chinese modernization, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive green transformation in economic and social development as outlined in the 15th Five-Year Plan proposal by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China [1][3]. Group 1: Pollution Prevention and Ecological Optimization - The focus is on environmental protection for the public, implementing precise and scientific pollution control, emphasizing source governance, and enhancing collaborative efforts in reducing pollution and carbon emissions [5]. - There is a commitment to a comprehensive approach to protect and manage ecosystems, including biodiversity conservation and large-scale afforestation initiatives [6]. Group 2: New Energy System Construction - The plan aims to increase the proportion of renewable energy supply, ensuring a safe and orderly transition from fossil fuels, and building a robust new power system [7]. - The strategy includes a multi-energy approach, integrating wind, solar, water, and nuclear energy, while promoting high-quality development of clean energy [7]. Group 3: Carbon Peak Achievement - The implementation of a dual control system for total carbon emissions and intensity is a key focus, alongside promoting energy-saving and carbon-reduction transformations [8][9]. Group 4: Green Production and Lifestyle Formation - The initiative aims to advance ecological environment zoning and control, optimizing industrial layout in collaboration with national spatial planning [13]. - There is a push for green and low-carbon transformations in key sectors such as industry, urban construction, and transportation [13].

Core Viewpoint - The construction of a new energy system is essential for achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, with a focus on developing clean energy sources and reducing reliance on fossil fuels [1][5] Group 1: New Energy System Development - The new energy system aims to create a modern energy system dominated by non-fossil energy, ensuring energy security and facilitating a low-carbon transition [1][2] - By the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan, most new electricity demand will be met by increased clean energy generation [1] - The introduction of the Energy Law in 2024 provides a legal framework for the construction of the new energy system and new power systems [1] Group 2: Clean Energy Expansion - There is a need to significantly develop non-fossil energy sources, including wind, solar, hydro, and nuclear power, to enhance the clean energy portfolio [3] - The transition period requires the clean and efficient use of fossil fuels, with coal power being transformed into a flexible and stable energy source to support renewable energy [3] Group 3: Infrastructure and Technology - The establishment of a new power system requires the construction of high-capacity transmission lines and smart grid technologies to ensure efficient distribution and utilization of green electricity [4] - The integration of distributed energy resources will enable households and businesses to participate actively in energy production and consumption, fostering a green lifestyle [4] Group 4: Socioeconomic Impact - The shift to green energy will serve as a new engine for high-quality economic development, reducing production costs for businesses and enhancing competitiveness in international trade [4] - The transition to a new energy system is a comprehensive response to the aspirations for high-quality development, energy security, and improved living standards [5]

Core Points - The central committee of the Communist Party of China emphasizes accelerating the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development to build a beautiful China, guided by the goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality [1][2][3] Group 1: Green Transformation Initiatives - The meeting proposed four key measures to accelerate green transformation: implementing a dual control system for carbon emissions, transitioning to a green low-carbon energy system, transforming the industrial structure towards green low-carbon, and promoting green low-carbon lifestyles [1][3][11] - By the end of the 14th Five-Year Plan, the majority of new electricity demand will be met by new clean energy generation, focusing on developing non-fossil energy and enhancing the efficiency of fossil energy use [3][4][6] Group 2: New Energy System Development - The construction of a new energy system is entering a systematic phase, with a focus on non-fossil energy as the main supply and fossil energy as a backup, supported by a new power system [6][7][8] - The new energy system aims to enhance energy security, economic viability, and technological innovation, with a target for non-fossil energy to account for over 80% by 2060 [8][12] Group 3: Green Production and Lifestyle - The report highlights the need for a shift towards green production and lifestyle, which will involve short-term investments in low-emission technologies and long-term benefits through reduced energy consumption and waste [9][10] - Consumers will see an increase in the availability of green products, supported by policies that lower purchase costs and promote sustainable consumption practices [10][11] Group 4: Carbon Peak and Neutrality Goals - The period leading up to 2030 is critical for achieving the carbon peak goal, with a focus on establishing a dual control system for carbon emissions and enhancing the national innovation system for green technologies [11][12][13] - The transition from energy consumption control to precise carbon emission control is essential for optimizing energy structure and achieving carbon reduction targets [12][13]