经济观察报 记者 刘晓诺 马年春节过完了，你的肚子圆了吗？除了关心上涨的体重读数，还要留神正在肝脏里悄悄堆积的脂肪。 "如今非酒精性脂肪性肝病已成中国第一大肝病。"吉林大学白求恩第一医院肝胆胰内科主任医师、吉林 省肝病研究所所长牛俊奇介绍，非酒精性脂肪性肝病，也就是"代谢功能障碍相关性的脂肪性肝病"，人 们往往习惯称之为"脂肪肝"。 几乎每3名中国成人中就有1名脂肪肝患者。根据中华医学会肝病学分会2024年版诊疗指南，过去20年中 国成人的非酒精性脂肪性肝病汇总患病率为29.6%。在全球范围内，2012年～2017年期间全球肝硬化和 肝细胞癌病死人数增加11.4%，也主要源于这种疾病。 尽管常见高发，这种病却长期无药可治，直至2024年后，才有两款药物在美国获批。中国也有多项新药 在进行临床试验，进展最快的处在III期阶段。 目前大约有30%的中国人有脂肪肝，其中有约1/4的人可能发展成脂肪性肝炎，不到1/4的脂肪性肝炎可 能发展为脂肪性肝硬化，每年有4%～7%的脂肪性肝硬化可能发展为肝癌，不过比例很低，不必恐慌。 脂肪肝引起肝癌大概需要50年时间。 经济观察报：脂肪肝有什么值得注意的症状？ 牛俊奇：中、重度 ...

来源：北京青年报 春节期间亲友团聚，丰盛的宴席、频繁的聚餐，多会摄入过多高油、高糖、高脂的食物，觥筹交错间饮 酒更是难免。再加上赖床、熬夜等生活作息不规律的加持，往往会给我们的肝脏带来不小的负担，很容 易悄悄堆积脂肪，埋下"脂肪肝"的隐患。 医生推荐节后养肝护肝的三步法则，减少肝脏脂肪堆积，先从餐桌"大扫除"开始。 第一步 学会选择食物 这些食物应少吃或避免 酒 最好滴酒不沾。酒精的代谢产物会直接损伤肝细胞，而且肝脏会优先代谢酒精，暂停分解脂肪，从 而加重脂肪在肝内的堆积。 高糖食物与精制碳水化合物 包括含糖饮料、甜品、糕点等添加糖食品，以及白米饭、白面条、白面包 等精制碳水化合物。 糖类中的果糖几乎全部由肝脏代谢，其在肝内代谢较葡萄糖更快，其代谢产物也更易参与脂肪生成，是 肝内脂肪合成的重要原料。另外，所有的糖和精制碳水都会快速升高血糖，刺激胰岛素大量分泌，从而 促进肝脏合成脂肪并抑制脂肪分解。 深加工食品 包括含有人造奶油、植脂末、代可可脂的零食，以及香肠、培根等加工肉类。这类食物通 常含有大量饱和脂肪或反式脂肪，难以被人体代谢，增加肝脏负担。 同时，其加工过程中添加的防腐剂、增味剂等化学物质，会加重肝脏 ...

国家卫生健康委今天召开时令节气与健康新闻发布会，介绍立春和雨水时节的健康养生有关情况。许多 人认为"肥胖人群才会得脂肪肝"，中国医学科学院北京协和医院主任医师杨爱明介绍，这种认识是不全 面的，肥胖虽是脂肪肝的主要风险因素，但并非唯一原因。 主要有两方面的原因： 中国医学科学院北京协和医院主任医师 杨爱明：门诊时，我遇到过身形纤瘦的年轻患者拿着超声的单 子来就诊，说这段时间减肥，体重减了十几公斤，体检却查出来了脂肪肝，问诊时发现她是通过极端节 食快速减重的。这种情况下，身体会大量分解脂肪并涌入肝脏进行代谢。但与此同时，营养不良又导致 肝脏合成载脂蛋白的能力会下降，通俗来说就是运输脂肪的"卡车"减少了。结果导致脂肪只能堆积在肝 脏，形成或加重脂肪肝。 大多数的轻中度脂肪肝通过健康体重管理是可逆的。减肥要讲科学，每周减重0.5—1公斤是理想的速 度。目前，很多医疗机构都设立了体重门诊，为受体重问题困扰的居民提供一个良好的专业咨询环境和 平台。在个人努力和专业机构人员帮助下，能够更好地管理体重，健康生活。 来源：央视新闻客户端 1. 摄入过多油脂、糖分，导致肝脏合成脂肪过多； 2. 肝脏自身分解、代谢脂肪的能力下降； ...

脂肪肝是什么？ 转自：劳动午报 随着生活水平的提高和饮食结构的变化，脂肪肝的患病率引发各方关注。在脂肪肝早期阶段，可能表现 为无任何症状，看似"温和"，但它却是个"隐形的杀手"，不仅仅是肝脏，全身系统都会受到威胁。哪些 因素更易导致脂肪肝？又该如何预防？ 脂肪肝是指由各种原因引起肝细胞内脂肪堆积过多的病变。 一般而言，脂肪肝属可逆性疾病，早期诊断并及时治疗可恢复正常。轻度脂肪肝可无任何症状或仅有疲 乏感，患者多于体检时偶然发现。中重度脂肪肝可有食欲不振、疲倦乏力、恶心、呕吐、体重减轻、肝 区或右上腹隐痛等不典型的症状，部分患者可有肝大。发展为肝硬化的患者可出现腹水、消化道出血等 严重并发症。 哪些因素更易导致脂肪肝？ 脂肪肝不一定是因为摄入脂肪过多，脂肪在肝脏堆积才是导致脂肪肝的主要原因。肝细胞是脂肪代谢的 关键场所，如果肝细胞进行脂肪代谢的各个环节出问题，例如脂肪酸分解和转移障碍、脂肪合成过多、 肝细胞中毒及营养不良等，都可能促使脂肪堆积在肝细胞里，从而导致脂肪肝。 （来源：劳动午报） 此外，在治疗脂肪肝方面，也要多学科联合管理，比如对有糖尿病的代谢性脂肪性肝病患者，酌情使用 他汀类药物，还需要时刻密切监测 ...

Core Insights - High blood lipid levels and fatty liver disease are prevalent health issues in China, contributing significantly to cardiovascular disease risk [1][2] - Both conditions are linked through metabolic disorders, with common risk factors such as abdominal obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet [2][3] Group 1: Understanding the Conditions - High blood lipid levels, or hyperlipidemia, involve elevated total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), which can lead to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular events [2] - Fatty liver disease, characterized by excessive fat accumulation in liver cells, exacerbates cardiovascular risks through insulin resistance and inflammation [2][3] Group 2: Misconceptions and Management - Misconception 1: Reducing oil intake alone can lower blood lipid levels; however, 80% of cholesterol is synthesized by the liver, making dietary changes insufficient without addressing insulin resistance [4] - Misconception 2: Fatty liver patients can safely avoid statins; clinical studies indicate that statins can improve fatty liver conditions without exacerbating liver issues [5][6] - Misconception 3: Normal transaminase levels mean no need for ongoing medication; high-risk individuals require continuous lipid-lowering therapy to prevent disease progression [7] Group 3: Comprehensive Management Strategies - A three-pronged approach is recommended for managing high blood lipid levels: lifestyle modifications, pharmacological treatment, and regular monitoring [9] - Lifestyle interventions should focus on weight management, with a target weight loss of 5% to 10% over 6 to 12 months to improve insulin sensitivity and lipid levels [10] - Pharmacological treatment should be tailored based on individual risk factors, with specific LDL-C targets for different risk categories [11][12] Group 4: Monitoring and Follow-Up - Regular monitoring of lipid levels and liver function is crucial, with specific timelines for testing before and after medication initiation [14] - Patients with fatty liver and lipid abnormalities should consult multiple specialists to ensure comprehensive care and avoid treatment limitations [14]

Core Viewpoint - The relationship between fatty liver and obesity is closely intertwined, with obesity being a significant risk factor for the development of fatty liver disease, and fatty liver potentially exacerbating obesity issues [1][2][6]. Group 1: Relationship Between Fatty Liver and Obesity - Fatty liver occurs when excess fat accumulates in the liver, exceeding 5% of its weight, and is often linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [1]. - Obese individuals have a significantly higher probability of developing fatty liver due to excess energy intake being stored as fat, which can invade the liver [1]. - The accumulation of fat in the liver can disrupt its metabolic functions, creating a vicious cycle where obesity leads to fatty liver, which in turn worsens obesity [1][6]. Group 2: Potential Hazards of Obesity-Related Fatty Liver - Fatty liver can progressively damage liver function, potentially leading to conditions such as fatty liver inflammation, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer if not addressed [2]. - Obesity-related fatty liver is often associated with other metabolic diseases, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and stroke [2]. Group 3: Key Strategies for Healthy Weight Loss - A balanced diet is crucial for weight loss and liver health, with recommendations to reduce daily caloric intake by 300-500 kilocalories to achieve a healthy weight loss of 0.5-1 kilogram per week [3]. - Regular physical activity, including at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise weekly, is essential for burning excess fat and improving liver health [4]. - Establishing good lifestyle habits, such as ensuring adequate sleep (7-8 hours), avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and managing stress, is vital for effective weight management and liver health [5]. Group 4: Seeking Professional Help - If lifestyle changes do not lead to significant weight loss or if fatty liver conditions worsen, it is important to seek professional medical advice for personalized treatment plans [5].

Group 1 - The core message emphasizes the increasing risk of diabetes among working-age adults, with approximately 70% of the 589 million global diabetes patients being of working age [1] - A study published in The Lancet indicates that sitting for more than 6 hours a day increases the risk of chronic diseases by 26.7%, highlighting the negative impact of prolonged sedentary behavior on glucose metabolism [3] - The relationship between fatty liver disease and diabetes is critical, as insulin resistance caused by high blood sugar can lead to fatty liver, which in turn exacerbates blood sugar levels [5] Group 2 - Warning signs of prediabetes include fasting blood sugar levels reaching or exceeding 5.6 mmol/L, with specific thresholds indicating prediabetes that should prompt medical attention [7] - Dietary recommendations include the "fist rule" for portion sizes, emphasizing whole grains, protein, and vegetables while limiting oils, and the importance of avoiding misleading "sugar-free" products [9] - Regular physical activity is advised, with recommendations for aerobic and resistance training combined for a total of around 150 minutes per week [9]

Core Insights - Fatty liver disease is increasingly common, with many individuals attempting to reverse it through dietary changes, but some seemingly healthy habits may inadvertently worsen liver health [1][2] Group 1: Understanding Fatty Liver Disease - Fatty liver is caused by excessive fat accumulation in liver cells, leading to metabolic disorders [1] - Patients often show no early symptoms, and liver function may appear normal, resulting in a lack of concern [1] - Over time, fatty liver can progress to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer, with increased risks of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and coronary heart disease within 5-10 years [1] Group 2: Dietary Misconceptions - A case study highlights that a strict diet of boiled vegetables and grains led to weight loss but worsened fatty liver due to insufficient protein intake [2] - Lack of quality protein prevents the synthesis of lipoproteins necessary for fat transport out of the liver, causing fat accumulation [2] Group 3: Nutritional Guidelines - A balanced diet should include proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals, rather than just boiled vegetables and grains [3] - Energy intake should be controlled, with recommendations for overweight individuals to reduce caloric intake by 300-500 kcal/day while maintaining nutritional balance [3] Group 4: Protein and Fat Recommendations - High-quality protein sources such as low-fat dairy, egg whites, fish, and lean meats are essential for liver cell repair [4][5] - Daily plant oil intake should be limited to 20-25 grams, avoiding high-fat foods and cholesterol-rich items, with a focus on omega-3 fatty acids to reduce liver fat accumulation [6] Group 5: Carbohydrate and Fiber Management - Excessive carbohydrate intake can stimulate insulin secretion, increasing triglyceride synthesis in the liver [7] - Incorporating dietary fiber from whole grains, legumes, and vegetables is recommended, with a daily vegetable intake of 500 grams [8] Group 6: Cooking and Eating Habits - Cooking methods should minimize added salt and fats, with a daily sodium intake of 5-6 grams recommended [9] - Limiting eating to an 8-hour window can significantly reduce liver fat content, with a study showing a 23.7% reduction in just four months [11] Group 7: Alcohol and Supplement Caution - Complete abstinence from alcohol is crucial, as it can exacerbate fatty liver conditions [12] - Individuals are advised against self-medicating with liver health supplements without medical guidance [13]

Group 1 - The article highlights the increasing trend of young people adopting extreme health practices, leading to chronic diseases such as gout, fatty liver, and diabetes [1][2][3] - It emphasizes the importance of balanced diets, moderate exercise, and regular routines as the foundation of true health [1][3] - Medical professionals warn that excessive exercise can lead to acute gout attacks due to elevated uric acid levels, with studies indicating that a single high-intensity workout can increase blood uric acid by over 30% [2][3] Group 2 - The phenomenon of "skinny fatty liver" is becoming more common, particularly among young women who engage in extreme dieting, leading to health issues despite weight loss [4][5] - The article discusses the mechanisms behind fatty liver development due to extreme weight loss, including insulin resistance and hormonal imbalances [4][5] - It advises that weight management should focus on balanced diets and gradual weight loss, recommending a maximum of 5% weight loss per month for safety [5] Group 3 - The article addresses the misconception that "sugar-free" drinks are entirely safe, as excessive consumption can still lead to health issues like diabetes [6][7] - It notes that the proportion of diabetes patients under 40 is increasing, linked to unhealthy lifestyles, including irregular eating and lack of exercise [7] - The article stresses the importance of early intervention during the "prediabetes" stage to prevent the progression to full diabetes [7] Group 4 - The "Three Reductions and Three Healths" initiative by the National Health Commission aims to lower chronic disease risks through scientific lifestyle interventions [8][11] - Recommendations include reducing salt intake to no more than 5 grams per day, oil intake to 25-30 grams, and added sugar to no more than 25 grams [8][10][11] - The initiative also emphasizes maintaining oral health, healthy weight, and bone health through proper nutrition and regular physical activity [12][13][14]

Group 1 - Insulin resistance is a condition where the body's sensitivity to insulin decreases, leading to impaired glucose regulation and potential health issues [1][5][12] - Insulin plays a crucial role in managing blood sugar levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy [1][12] - Common methods to assess insulin resistance include measuring fasting insulin levels and conducting glucose clamp tests [1] Group 2 - Body Mass Index (BMI) is a widely used indicator for assessing body weight, with values of 24 or higher indicating overweight and 28 or higher indicating obesity [2][4] - Abdominal obesity is defined by waist circumference measurements of 90 cm or more for men and 85 cm or more for women [2][4] Group 3 - Genetic factors significantly influence the likelihood of developing insulin resistance, particularly in individuals with a family history of diabetes [5] - Age is another critical factor, as the risk of insulin resistance increases with age, although it can also occur in children and adolescents [5] Group 4 - Environmental and lifestyle factors contributing to insulin resistance include overweight and obesity, particularly central obesity, which affects insulin sensitivity [6][8] - Sedentary behavior and lack of physical activity reduce glucose utilization by muscle cells, further exacerbating insulin resistance [8] - Unhealthy dietary habits, such as high-energy diets rich in refined carbohydrates and sugars, can lead to increased insulin resistance [9] Group 5 - Insulin resistance is associated with several health risks, including the development of type 2 diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and fatty liver disease [12][13][15][16] - The condition creates a vicious cycle where high insulin levels promote fat accumulation, which in turn worsens insulin sensitivity [13] Group 6 - Improving insulin resistance can be achieved through healthy dietary habits, such as reducing refined carbohydrate intake and increasing the consumption of whole grains and quality proteins [17][19] - Regular physical activity is essential, with recommendations of at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week, combined with strength training [19] - Medical intervention may be necessary for individuals showing prediabetic symptoms, emphasizing the importance of professional guidance [20]