转自：北京日报客户端 预制菜 消费者对预制菜的担心，主要来自"原料质量差""使用添加剂""口味不满意"和"营养价值低"这4个方 面。中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院教授范志红表示，"预制"与否本身并不决定营养价值。真正 重要的是以下3个因素：一、原料品质与烹饪方式。例如：预制的炖鸡腿肉，脂肪含量和卡路里可能比 现场制作的油炸鸡排更低，B族维生素保存率更高。二、冷链与储存技术。在低温、低氧环境下储藏， 可以大大降低预制菜中维生素、抗氧化物等的损失。在-18℃冷冻储藏几个月的预制菜，维生素的损失 率可能会低于餐馆里在60℃下热着放几个小时的快餐菜肴。三、配方和调味技术。菜品制成后存放一段 时间，盐和油会向菜肴内部渗透，减盐减油的难度会加大。但这些问题也可以通过改进调味技术来解 决。 2025年1月至12月，通过监测各路媒体渠道的营养热词，中国健康促进与教育协会营养素养分会总结筛 选出19个营养领域热词，再经过多个领域的专家结合专业知识判断，最终投票产生"2025年度十大营养 热词"。制图：李怡蒙 2025年12月28日，第三届国民营养素养大会发布"2025年度十大营养热词"："体重管理""抗衰老""肠道 健康" ...

Core Viewpoint - GV-971 (also known as "Jiuyiqi"), an Alzheimer's disease drug, is facing challenges in its clinical validation and regulatory approval process, with significant market reactions following the announcement of its acquisition by Fosun Pharma [1][3]. Group 1: Clinical Research and Approval Status - GV-971's confirmatory clinical research plan has been approved by the drug review center, with 580 patients enrolled so far, and the acquisition funds will be used to advance clinical trials [1][3]. - The drug received conditional approval in November 2019 but failed to complete the necessary post-marketing confirmatory clinical studies, leading to its inability to achieve full approval by the expiration of its registration certificate in November 2024 [3][10]. - The drug's post-marketing confirmatory clinical trial, which began in October 2022, has faced delays, with only 580 out of the targeted 1,312 patients enrolled as of December 2023, indicating significant progress issues [10][11]. Group 2: Market Reaction and Investor Sentiment - Following the announcement of the acquisition plan on December 15, Fosun Pharma's A-shares fell over 4% and H-shares dropped more than 5% by December 16, reflecting investor skepticism regarding the drug's future [1][3]. - The trading volume and value on December 16 were the highest in a week, indicating heightened market activity and concern [1]. Group 3: Research Design and Methodology - The real-world study required for long-term safety and efficacy has been submitted, but the duration of the data collected is only 48 weeks, half of the originally designed 96 weeks, which raises concerns about its adequacy [7][9]. - The confirmatory clinical trial design has been updated to include 1,950 patients and extend the double-blind treatment period from 36 weeks to 48 weeks, aligning it more closely with international standards for Alzheimer's drug trials [11][12].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a groundbreaking study revealing a new physiological phenomenon where the central nervous system regulates intestinal nutrient absorption, particularly fat, through the vagus nerve, with implications for obesity and metabolic disease treatment [6][10]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study identifies that the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve (DMV) can directly influence fat absorption in the intestines, which was previously unexplored [6][10]. - Researchers found that inhibiting Phox2b DMV neurons in mice on a high-fat diet led to significant weight loss and reduced fat absorption, indicating a direct link between brain activity and gut fat processing [7][9]. - The study highlights the role of the herbal compound puerarin in reducing neuronal activity in the DMV, promoting fat excretion and aiding weight loss [8][10]. Group 2: Mechanism of Action - Puerarin was shown to enhance chloride ion influx through the GABA A receptor (GABRA1), which is specifically expressed in Phox2b neurons of the DMV, suggesting it acts as a positive allosteric modulator [8][9]. - The research confirmed that the GABRA1 receptor mediates the fat-excreting effects of puerarin, as mice lacking this receptor did not respond to the compound [9][10]. Group 3: Implications for Treatment - The findings open new avenues for drug development targeting the central regulation of gut fat absorption, potentially leading to innovative treatments for obesity and metabolic disorders [10]. - The study integrates advanced techniques across neuroscience, digestion, and metabolism, indicating a multidisciplinary approach to understanding and treating obesity [10].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses a groundbreaking study revealing a new physiological phenomenon where the central nervous system regulates intestinal nutrient absorption, particularly fat, through the vagus nerve, with implications for obesity and metabolic disease treatment [10]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study identifies that the Phox2b neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) can significantly influence fat absorption in the intestines, leading to weight loss in mice on a high-fat diet [7]. - The research team discovered that the herbal compound puerarin can reduce the activity of Phox2b DMV neurons, promoting fat excretion and aiding weight loss [8]. - The study confirmed that the GABRA1 protein, a subunit of the GABA A receptor, is a key target for puerarin, which enhances chloride ion influx and inhibits DMV neuron activity [9]. Group 2: Mechanism of Action - The research demonstrated that the inhibition of DMV neurons or intervention with puerarin leads to a significant reduction in the length of intestinal microvilli, which is crucial for fat absorption [9]. - The study utilized advanced techniques such as pharmacogenetics, neurophysiology, and structural biology to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which puerarin exerts its effects [10]. Group 3: Implications for Future Research - The findings open new avenues for drug development targeting obesity and metabolic diseases by modulating the central regulation of intestinal fat absorption [10]. - The research highlights the potential for further exploration of the brain-gut signaling pathways, which could lead to innovative therapeutic strategies for managing obesity [10].

Core Insights - The article discusses a groundbreaking study revealing a new physiological phenomenon where the central nervous system regulates intestinal nutrient absorption, particularly fat absorption, through the vagus nerve [10]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study identifies that the Phox2b neurons in the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) can significantly influence fat absorption in the intestines, leading to weight loss in mice on a high-fat diet [7]. - The research team discovered that the herbal compound puerarin can reduce the activity of Phox2b DMV neurons, promoting fat excretion and aiding in weight loss [8]. - The study confirmed that the GABRA1 protein, a subunit of the GABA A receptor, is a key target for puerarin, which enhances chloride ion influx and inhibits DMV neuron activity [9]. Group 2: Methodology and Techniques - The research utilized advanced techniques such as pharmacogenetics, neurophysiology, and cryo-electron microscopy to explore the central regulation of intestinal nutrient absorption [10]. - The team employed a combination of mouse models and viral tracing techniques to establish a direct pathway from the DMV to the intestine that regulates fat absorption [9]. Group 3: Implications for Future Research - The findings open new avenues for drug development targeting obesity and metabolic diseases by identifying critical molecular targets and intervention strategies [10]. - The study highlights the potential for further exploration of the brain-gut signaling pathways, which could lead to innovative treatments for obesity [10].

Core Viewpoint - The health issues faced by mathematician Wei Dongyi highlight the nutritional challenges faced by busy professionals, particularly entrepreneurs, emphasizing the importance of systematic health management in daily life [2][3]. Group 1: Health Challenges - Wei's health problems, particularly periodontitis, have drawn attention to the nutritional imbalances prevalent among busy individuals [3]. - His dietary habits reveal a preference for refined carbohydrates, with minimal intake of proteins, fruits, and vegetables, leading to potential nutritional deficiencies [4][5]. - The lack of essential nutrients, such as protein and vitamins, may contribute to his deteriorating health and increased risk of conditions like periodontitis [6][7][8]. Group 2: Nutritional Insights - Long-term nutritional deficiencies can accelerate aging and weaken the immune system, as seen in Wei's physical decline [11]. - A diet high in refined carbohydrates and low in proteins and fats can lead to poor skin health and emotional instability [12][13]. - Regular health check-ups may overlook early signs of nutritional deficiencies, which can have broader health implications [14][15]. Group 3: Recommendations for Entrepreneurs - Busy professionals should prioritize high-nutrition, low-calorie foods to combat the negative health impacts of fast-paced lifestyles [18][19]. - Carrying healthy snacks can provide quick nutrition and prevent reliance on unhealthy food options [24][25]. - Avoiding excessive reliance on takeout and refined carbohydrates is crucial for maintaining cognitive function and overall health [27][28][30]. Group 4: Emotional and Mental Health - Nutritional deficiencies can lead to emotional fluctuations, with specific vitamins and minerals playing key roles in mood regulation [33][34][35]. - Maintaining a balanced intake of fats, particularly Omega-3, is essential for mental health and emotional stability [36][37]. Group 5: Holistic Health Management - A balanced approach to eating, sleeping, and physical activity is vital for overall health [39]. - Regular sleep patterns and physical activity can significantly impact weight management and overall well-being [46][49]. - The importance of hydration and nutrient-dense foods cannot be overstated in maintaining energy levels and health [60].

Core Viewpoint - The first domestic Alzheimer's disease drug, Ganluotena Capsules (brand name: Jiuqi Yi), is facing a supply shortage due to production halts related to its registration certificate expiration, but the company, Shanghai Green Valley Pharmaceutical Technology, is in the final stages of approval and is optimistic about resuming supply soon [1][2]. Group 1: Product and Market Information - Ganluotena Capsules are priced over 1,000 yuan per box online, with a specification of 150mg and 42 capsules per box, requiring patients to take 6 capsules daily [1]. - The drug was conditionally approved by the National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) in November 2019 and was included in the medical insurance directory at the end of 2021, with the price reduced from 895 yuan to 296 yuan per box [1]. - Since its launch, over 500,000 patients have used Ganluotena, with sales exceeding 2.1 million boxes in 2024 alone [5]. Group 2: Regulatory and Production Status - The production halt is temporary and limited to the Ganluotena product line due to the need for a new registration certificate, with employees receiving minimum wage during this period [2]. - The company submitted supplementary applications for Ganluotena in May and October 2024, which will undergo comprehensive evaluation by the drug review center [3]. Group 3: Scientific and Clinical Background - Ganluotena is the world's first drug targeting the gut-brain axis for Alzheimer's disease, aiming to reshape gut microbiota, inhibit neuroinflammation, and improve cognitive function [4]. - The drug has faced controversy regarding its mechanism and the authenticity of research papers by its main inventor, but legal challenges against these criticisms have been dismissed [4].

Core Insights - The Chinese original drug "Jiuyiqi®" (Guanluo Sodium) has been discontinued after five years, marking a significant event in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) drug market [1][2] - Initially approved in November 2019, Jiuyiqi® was celebrated as the first targeted AD drug, but faced ongoing scrutiny regarding its safety and efficacy [1][2] Group 1: Drug Approval and Market Performance - Jiuyiqi® received "conditional approval" from the National Medical Products Administration, which required further submission of carcinogenicity test reports and long-term efficacy data [1] - The drug experienced a surge in demand upon its market entry and was included in the national medical insurance directory in 2021, expanding its market presence [2] - However, following the termination of international trials and internal team instability, sales declined sharply, leading to reports of stock shortages in pharmacies [2] Group 2: Controversies and Challenges - The drug's unique "gut-brain axis" mechanism faced strong criticism from the academic community, raising questions about its scientific validity [1] - Controversies arose from the clinical trial results, where the treatment group showed effects within four weeks, while the placebo group unexpectedly worsened, leading to debates over trial design [1] - The international Phase III trial, originally set to complete in 2025, was prematurely terminated in 2022, attributed to patient dropouts due to the pandemic and financing difficulties, which did not alleviate concerns over data reliability [1][2] Group 3: Regulatory and Industry Implications - The discontinuation of Jiuyiqi® serves as a warning for the Chinese innovative drug sector, highlighting the risks associated with "conditional approval" [2] - The situation raises questions about the regulatory environment and whether the approval process is becoming more stringent, as the company did not publicly address the reasons for the discontinuation [2] - The industry is urged to recognize that significant original mechanisms must withstand rigorous scrutiny from international peers, and academic criticism should be viewed as an opportunity to enhance research quality [2]