创新责任载体，从"要我供数"转向"我要供数" 数据的质量和鲜活度是发挥数据效能、释放数据价值的根本保障。《条例》提出，建设湖南全省数据产 权登记体系，推进数据产权登记工作；建设和管理集汇聚、治理、共享、回流、开放、监管等功能于一 体的省公共数据资源平台，供全省使用。由此可见，产权登记是数据管理的发展趋势，登记方在获得收 益的同时，也意味着要承担起高质量生产和供给的责任。 生态环境部门在履职过程中，需要获取多部门涉生态环境的数据，但目前仍存在靠人工协调、数据共享 难或口径不一致等问题。应探索将数据作为部门生态环境保护工作责任落实的载体，制定具有数据特色 的责任清单，将其落实情况纳入责任考核的重要内容，助力构建全省共建共用的生态环境主题数据库。 在分解污染防治攻坚战成效考核、生态环境保护督察反馈问题整改等任务时，结合各部门数据产权登 记、数据资源共享目录等，同步明确相关数据采集、治理与共享责任，将文本调度细化为数据调度，实 现精细化的统筹协调和统一监督管理。 推动授权运营，从人海战术转向数字赋能 作为驱动业务数字化转型的核心要素，数据只有高效流通、持续投入到再生产环节，将业务工作链条上 下游串联起来，数字化转型才 ...

Core Insights - Data is recognized as a new production factor that is integral to digitalization, networking, and intelligence, significantly transforming production, distribution, circulation, consumption, and social governance [1][2][3] - The scale of data resources in China continues to expand, with the total data production expected to reach 41.06 zettabytes (ZB) in 2024, and the core industries of the digital economy contributing approximately 10% to the GDP [1][3] - The number of enterprises utilizing large model data technologies and data application companies has seen year-on-year growth of 57.21% and 37.14%, respectively [1] Data Production and Utilization - In 2023, China's total data production reached 32.85 ZB, marking a year-on-year increase of 22.44%, and is projected to account for 26.67% of global data production in 2024 [3] - Data used for artificial intelligence development has increased by 40.95% year-on-year [3] - Key regions such as Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Henan, and Sichuan contribute nearly 60% of the national data production [3] Application Scenarios and Market Development - The application of data is expanding across various sectors, including smart manufacturing, smart cities, fintech, healthcare, e-commerce, and logistics [4] - In 2024, the number of invention patents authorized in China's core digital economy industries is expected to reach 500,000, representing a year-on-year growth of 23.1% [4] - The establishment of a unified national data market is crucial for optimizing resource allocation and enhancing the efficiency of data factor marketization [5][6] Strategic Importance of Data - Data is increasingly recognized as a fundamental and strategic resource that can drive technological innovation, optimize production factor allocation, and enhance overall productivity [3][6][7] - The development of a unified data market is essential for achieving high-quality economic growth and facilitating the smooth flow of various production factors [5][6] Pathways for Marketization and Value Realization - Key strategies for fostering a unified data market include creating a comprehensive market that integrates public, enterprise, and personal data, ensuring data security, and promoting cooperative market practices [8][9] - The establishment of a robust data infrastructure is vital for supporting the implementation of data policies and enhancing market efficiency [10][11]

Core Insights - Data is recognized as a new production factor, essential for digitalization, networking, and intelligence, significantly transforming production, distribution, circulation, consumption, and social governance [1][3] - The scale of data resources in China continues to expand, with the total data production expected to reach 41.06 zettabytes (ZB) in 2024, and the core industries of the digital economy contributing approximately 10% to GDP [1][2] - The number of enterprises utilizing large model data technologies and data application companies has increased by 57.21% and 37.14% year-on-year, respectively [1] Data Production and Utilization - In 2023, China's total data production reached 32.85 ZB, a year-on-year increase of 22.44%, accounting for 26.67% of global data production in 2024 [3] - Data used for artificial intelligence development has grown by 40.95% year-on-year [3] - Key regions such as Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, Henan, and Sichuan account for nearly 60% of national data production, with manufacturing, finance, and logistics being the top three industries [3] Application Scenarios and Market Development - The application of data is expanding across various sectors, including smart manufacturing, smart cities, fintech, healthcare, e-commerce, and logistics [4] - In 2024, the number of invention patents authorized in China's core digital economy industries is projected to reach 500,000, marking a 23.1% increase year-on-year, significantly outpacing the global average [4] - The establishment of a unified national data market is crucial for optimizing resource allocation and enhancing the efficiency of data factor marketization [5][6] Strategic Importance of Data - Data is increasingly recognized as a fundamental and strategic resource, essential for transforming traditional production methods and driving new quality productivity [5][6] - The development of a unified national market is vital for leveraging China's vast consumer market and enhancing the flow and efficient allocation of various production factors [5][6] Pathways for Marketization and Value Realization - Key strategies for fostering a unified national data market include creating a comprehensive market that integrates public, enterprise, and personal data, ensuring safe and open data circulation, and promoting cooperative market dynamics [8] - The establishment of data trading platforms across various regions is underway, with pilot projects in ten provinces to support market growth and innovation [8][9] Infrastructure and Governance - Strengthening data infrastructure is essential for supporting the implementation of data policies and fostering a unified national data market [10] - A focus on enhancing the quality and quantity of data supply, including public, enterprise, and personal data, is necessary to attract demand and facilitate market transactions [10][11]

Group 1 - The core argument of the article emphasizes the importance of data as a new production factor in the digital economy, highlighting its explosive growth and the need for a structured market for data elements [1][2][3] - The article outlines the gradual policy developments in China regarding data as a production factor, including the establishment of a data property rights system and the promotion of data marketization [1][2][3] - The concept of "structural separation of data property rights" is introduced, which involves the division of data rights into holding rights, usage rights, and operational rights, aiming to enhance data governance and market efficiency [3][4][5] Group 2 - The article discusses the multi-layered process of transforming data from a resource to a productive factor, emphasizing the need for clear property rights to facilitate efficient economic activities [2][3][4] - It highlights the unique characteristics of data, such as non-competitiveness and low replication costs, which complicate traditional property rights frameworks [2][3][4] - The structural separation of data property rights is proposed as a solution to address issues like data monopolization and privacy protection, while also promoting cross-industry collaboration [3][4][5] Group 3 - The article identifies the challenges in the current data market, including unclear rights definitions and inefficient circulation mechanisms, which hinder the realization of data value [11][12][13] - It presents various models and frameworks for understanding the data value chain, emphasizing the importance of market transactions in transforming data into capital [11][12][13] - The research aims to explore the impact of structural separation of data property rights on the value realization of data elements, filling gaps in existing literature [13][14][15] Group 4 - The article elaborates on the influence of structural separation on different stages of data value formation, particularly focusing on the resource and asset stages [14][15][16] - It discusses how structural separation can break down data silos, improve data quality, and enhance data security, thereby facilitating better data utilization [15][16][17] - The article also highlights the role of structural separation in promoting data asset valuation and market recognition, which is crucial for the development of a data-driven economy [17][18][19] Group 5 - The article emphasizes the significance of data products and their marketization, noting that clear pricing mechanisms and property rights are essential for effective data transactions [20][21][22] - It discusses how structural separation can reduce transaction friction and improve supply-demand matching efficiency in the data market [21][22][23] - The article advocates for innovative application scenarios for data, suggesting that structural separation can facilitate cross-industry collaboration and enhance the overall value of data [22][23][24] Group 6 - The article concludes that exploring the structural separation of data property rights can maximize the value of data elements and support the high-quality development of the digital economy [26][27][28] - It provides policy recommendations for implementing this structural separation, including promoting data sharing, establishing clear asset valuation standards, and encouraging innovative data trading models [28][29]

Core Viewpoint - The initial rights definition and minimization of transaction costs are prerequisites for establishing a unified national data factor market, which will drive the industrialization and fair pricing of data factors, ultimately benefiting the real economy [3][4]. Group 1: Basic Elements for Building a Unified Data Factor Market - The four basic elements for constructing a unified national data factor market are initial rights definition, transaction cost minimization, infrastructure development, and industrialization [4]. - Current obstacles to data factor market construction include unclear data property rights and high transaction costs, primarily due to the lagging property rights system behind technological advancements [4][5]. Group 2: Key Scientific Issues in Data Factor Market Construction - The initial rights definition of data resource development and utilization plays a foundational role in the construction of a unified data factor market, while transaction cost issues need urgent solutions [5]. - The construction of data circulation infrastructure introduces a technology trust mechanism, supporting data resource development, transaction pricing, and regulatory safety [5]. - The industrialization of data factors will act as an accelerator in promoting the construction of a unified national market [5]. Group 3: Data Property Rights Governance - The "Data Twenty Articles" propose a structural division of data property rights, which, while aligning with social equity from a legal perspective, presents significant logical conflicts from an economic standpoint [7]. - The classification and grading of data rights can increase transaction costs and complicate the sharing and trading of data resources, leading to data protectionism and monopolization [7][8]. - The initial rights to data resource development should ideally be assigned to the government, which can represent public interests and facilitate the efficient use of data resources [9]. Group 4: Transaction Cost Issues in Data Factor Market - Five key transaction costs affecting data factor flow include externality transaction costs, communication transaction costs, institutional transaction costs, intermediary service costs, and application delivery costs [11]. - High transaction costs hinder the incentive mechanisms for data resource circulation and utilization, necessitating government intervention to reduce these costs [12].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of data as a new production factor and strategic resource in the digital economy, highlighting China's initiatives and policies to promote data utilization and market development [1][4]. Group 1: Data as a New Production Factor - Data has become a fundamental and strategic element in economic and social development, influencing production, circulation, distribution, and consumption activities [1]. - The establishment of data trading institutions in China since 2015 reflects the active exploration of data transactions, leading to valuable experiences and outcomes [1]. Group 2: Challenges in Data Ownership - The issue of data ownership is a significant barrier to market development, with a lack of theoretical consensus and practical experience being common challenges both domestically and internationally [2]. - Data ownership has a "dual nature," involving both the factual subject (the source of data) and the recording subject (the entity that collects and stores data) [2]. Group 3: Rights Associated with Data - Data ownership includes general rights similar to other production factors, as well as unique rights such as privacy rights, permission rights, and deletion rights, making the allocation of these rights complex [3]. - The difficulty in defining data ownership is compounded by the complexity of pricing mechanisms, non-standard product forms, and diverse transaction methods [3]. Group 4: Pathways to Data Ownership Clarity - Clear ownership is essential for market mechanisms to function effectively, and data ownership should be addressed through ongoing development and practice [4]. - Emphasis should be placed on the open sharing of public data, which can optimize resource allocation and maximize welfare [4]. - Research into the market circulation of enterprise data is crucial, especially with the rise of technologies like industrial internet and artificial intelligence [4]. Group 5: Technological Foundations for Data Ownership - Technological advancements are more critical than institutional and legal factors in establishing data ownership and facilitating data transactions [5]. - Breakthroughs in key technologies such as privacy computing, blockchain, and data anonymization are necessary for effective implementation of data ownership frameworks [6]. Group 6: Data as a Strategic Resource - The "data dividend" is seen as a new driving force for high-quality development, with the potential value of data increasing with its volume and diversity [6]. - The establishment of a national data center could help aggregate vast amounts of data, positioning it as a crucial strategic resource for the country [6].

Core Viewpoint - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is systematically promoting the market-oriented allocation of data elements through a comprehensive set of policies, aiming to transform vast data advantages into new national competitive advantages [1] Group 1: Data Infrastructure and Policy Development - In terms of improving data infrastructure, the NDRC introduced 21 policies last year focused on the development and utilization of public data resources, with over 10 additional systems related to data property rights expected to be launched this year [1] - The NDRC supports local initiatives to trial circulation and utilization infrastructure, thereby strengthening the foundational facilities for data development and utilization [1] Group 2: Data Utilization and Market Development - The NDRC is driving data development and utilization by leveraging scenarios to fully release the value of data elements, implementing the "data element ×" initiative, and establishing demonstration scenarios for public data [1] - A number of data enterprises focused on data aggregation, sharing, and utilization are emerging, with standards and norms being continuously introduced, leading to an increasingly active data trading environment and the accelerated construction of a national integrated data market [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the establishment of a modern industrial system in Hainan, focusing on the digital economy as a key area for innovation and growth [1] - The action plan aims to transform the Haikou Revival City and Hainan Ecological Software Park into innovation-driven and application-driven digital economy industry clusters [1] - By 2027, the core revenue of the digital economy in Hainan is projected to reach 220 billion yuan [1] Group 2 - The plan includes accelerating the layout of computing power industries and fostering a data element market to promote secure and orderly data flow [1] - The strategy involves leveraging technologies such as blockchain, AI, and big data to enhance sectors like digital health, digital entertainment, and shared platforms [1] - There is a focus on industries such as gaming export, data processing, semiconductor chips, and integrated circuits [1] Group 3 - The initiative also aims to promote the digital transformation of enterprises in sectors like petrochemical new materials, modern biomedicine, high-end food processing, and equipment manufacturing [1] - The goal is to advance the integration of digital and physical industries through these transformations [1]

Core Viewpoint - Wuxi is actively developing its data factor market, focusing on maximizing the value of "data assets" to enhance cash flow for enterprises and promote high-quality development of the digital economy [1][5] Group 1: Data Asset Market Development - Wuxi has registered 487 data service providers and listed 465 data products, with a total of 4.95 billion open data entries across 4,035 categories [1] - The establishment of the Wuxi Data Exchange in March 2022 aims to facilitate compliant data trading, emphasizing that "non-compliant data will not be listed" [5][6] - The Wuxi Data Group is implementing a series of regulations and practical guidelines to enhance data asset operation and monetization capabilities [1][6] Group 2: Financing Innovations - Wuxi's first data asset financing lease was successfully executed for 10 million yuan, marking a significant step in the market [2] - The financing lease involved both data assets and physical assets, ensuring a safety net while exploring the potential for standalone data asset transactions in the future [3] - The leasing company is exploring asset securitization products to further activate data assets, potentially increasing financing scale beyond 150 million yuan [3] Group 3: Future Goals and Regulations - By May 2025, the Wuxi Data Exchange aims to have 492 data service providers and 524 data products listed [6] - The Wuxi government has set ambitious targets for the data factor market, including a transaction scale exceeding 2 billion yuan and the establishment of 600 data service entities by 2026 [6][7] - The Wuxi Data Group is focusing on creating a blockchain-based integrated data circulation platform to support the market's infrastructure [7]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles emphasizes the rapid development and exploration of data factor markets in China, particularly through the establishment of national data factor comprehensive pilot zones in various provinces [1][5][6] - The importance of data as a new production factor in the digital economy is highlighted, especially with the rise of generative AI technologies [1][2] - Hubei province has made significant strides in building a high-quality data supply, including the establishment of a cervical cancer screening sample database with over 1,400TB of data and more than 10 billion marked cervical cells [3][4] Group 2 - The data labeling industry is identified as a critical component in the development of large models, with Hubei supporting the growth of this sector through action plans focused on park construction and enterprise introduction [2] - Various regions, including Shandong, are addressing challenges in data circulation by creating practical scenarios that enhance data flow and economic development, exemplified by the integration of public data resources in the rose industry [4] - Anhui province has established specialized industry zones for data products and has launched over 1,084 products, while also creating a public data utilization policy framework [5][6]