数据作为新型生产要素，是数字化、网络化、智能化的基础，已快速融入生产、分配、流通、消费 和社会服务管理等各个环节，深刻改变着生产方式、生活方式和社会治理方式。近年来，我国数据资源 的规模优势持续扩大，对数据的开发利用活跃度稳步提升。2024年，全国数据生产总量达41.06泽字节 (ZB)；数字经济核心产业增加值占国内生产总值比重达10%左右；利用大模型的数据技术企业和数据应 用企业数量分别同比增长57.21%、37.14%。 当前，我国正处于新旧动能转换的关键时期。数据要素成为连接传统产业转型升级与新兴产业快速 发展的关键纽带。加快培育全国一体化数据市场，提升数据要素市场化配置的效率，既是加快释放数据 要素价值的当务之急，也是推动我国海量数据与丰富场景优势转化为经济增长新动能和国家竞争新优势 的战略举措。 促进数据要素高效配置意义重大 习近平总书记强调，"要健全要素参与收入分配机制，激发劳动、知识、技术、管理、资本和数据 等生产要素活力""统筹推进算力基础设施建设，深化数据资源开发利用和开放共享"。这些重要论述对 新形势下进一步促进资源要素高效配置、激发数据要素潜能指明了方向。《中共中央关于进一步全面深 化改 ...

数据作为新型生产要素，是数字化、网络化、智能化的基础，已快速融入生产、分配、流通、消费和社 会服务管理等各个环节，深刻改变着生产方式、生活方式和社会治理方式。近年来，我国数据资源的规 模优势持续扩大，对数据的开发利用活跃度稳步提升。2024年，全国数据生产总量达41.06泽字节 （ZB）；数字经济核心产业增加值占国内生产总值比重达10%左右；利用大模型的数据技术企业和数 据应用企业数量分别同比增长57.21%、37.14%。 习近平总书记强调，"要健全要素参与收入分配机制，激发劳动、知识、技术、管理、资本和数据等生 产要素活力""统筹推进算力基础设施建设，深化数据资源开发利用和开放共享"。这些重要论述对新形 势下进一步促进资源要素高效配置、激发数据要素潜能指明了方向。《中共中央关于进一步全面深化改 革、推进中国式现代化的决定》提出，"培育全国一体化技术和数据市场""建设和运营国家数据基础设 施，促进数据共享"。"十五五"时期，充分发挥数据要素对经济发展的放大、叠加、倍增作用，进一步 用好我国在数据资源规模、应用场景等方面的比较优势，必须高度重视数据资源的优化配置，充分发挥 市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发 ...

要深入探讨数据产权结构性分置对数据要素价值实现的影响，首先就要准确理解"数据产权结构性分置"这一概念的内涵。从概念构成看，"数据产权结构 性分置"内涵包含三个基本范畴，分别是"数据产权""结构性"和"分置"，本文从以上三个范畴进行分析。 (一)数据产权 数据产权是贯通经济学和法学范畴的一个概念。狭义的数据产权即数据财产权，是指围绕数据作为财产所衍生的包括所有权、使用权、收益权和处置权等 对世性权利，具有一定的排他性和支配性，强调经济行为主体之间对财产的一组或一束权利的界定与分配。然而，随着数字技术的加快落地与数据应用场 景的逐步丰富，数据权属的界定与分配不仅涉及以上对世性权利，还关乎数据在开发中的公共治理、在流通和交易过程中的权益保障等，呈现出从单一的 权利义务结构趋向复合的权利义务关系、从平面的权利样态发展为立体的权利样态、从静态赋权走向动态界权的趋势与特点。已有学者从权利功能分工、 权利动态配置、权利主体差异等视角对数据产权所承载的权利进行了探讨，但因数据产权复杂性、多维性以及传统产权理论的局限性，故数据产权概念尚 无定论。本文认为数据产权是一个动态、多维且复杂的权利体系，既涵盖与数据相关的所有权、使用权 ...

Core Viewpoint - The initial rights definition and minimization of transaction costs are prerequisites for establishing a unified national data factor market, which will drive the industrialization and fair pricing of data factors, ultimately benefiting the real economy [3][4]. Group 1: Basic Elements for Building a Unified Data Factor Market - The four basic elements for constructing a unified national data factor market are initial rights definition, transaction cost minimization, infrastructure development, and industrialization [4]. - Current obstacles to data factor market construction include unclear data property rights and high transaction costs, primarily due to the lagging property rights system behind technological advancements [4][5]. Group 2: Key Scientific Issues in Data Factor Market Construction - The initial rights definition of data resource development and utilization plays a foundational role in the construction of a unified data factor market, while transaction cost issues need urgent solutions [5]. - The construction of data circulation infrastructure introduces a technology trust mechanism, supporting data resource development, transaction pricing, and regulatory safety [5]. - The industrialization of data factors will act as an accelerator in promoting the construction of a unified national market [5]. Group 3: Data Property Rights Governance - The "Data Twenty Articles" propose a structural division of data property rights, which, while aligning with social equity from a legal perspective, presents significant logical conflicts from an economic standpoint [7]. - The classification and grading of data rights can increase transaction costs and complicate the sharing and trading of data resources, leading to data protectionism and monopolization [7][8]. - The initial rights to data resource development should ideally be assigned to the government, which can represent public interests and facilitate the efficient use of data resources [9]. Group 4: Transaction Cost Issues in Data Factor Market - Five key transaction costs affecting data factor flow include externality transaction costs, communication transaction costs, institutional transaction costs, intermediary service costs, and application delivery costs [11]. - High transaction costs hinder the incentive mechanisms for data resource circulation and utilization, necessitating government intervention to reduce these costs [12].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of data as a new production factor and strategic resource in the digital economy, highlighting China's initiatives and policies to promote data utilization and market development [1][4]. Group 1: Data as a New Production Factor - Data has become a fundamental and strategic element in economic and social development, influencing production, circulation, distribution, and consumption activities [1]. - The establishment of data trading institutions in China since 2015 reflects the active exploration of data transactions, leading to valuable experiences and outcomes [1]. Group 2: Challenges in Data Ownership - The issue of data ownership is a significant barrier to market development, with a lack of theoretical consensus and practical experience being common challenges both domestically and internationally [2]. - Data ownership has a "dual nature," involving both the factual subject (the source of data) and the recording subject (the entity that collects and stores data) [2]. Group 3: Rights Associated with Data - Data ownership includes general rights similar to other production factors, as well as unique rights such as privacy rights, permission rights, and deletion rights, making the allocation of these rights complex [3]. - The difficulty in defining data ownership is compounded by the complexity of pricing mechanisms, non-standard product forms, and diverse transaction methods [3]. Group 4: Pathways to Data Ownership Clarity - Clear ownership is essential for market mechanisms to function effectively, and data ownership should be addressed through ongoing development and practice [4]. - Emphasis should be placed on the open sharing of public data, which can optimize resource allocation and maximize welfare [4]. - Research into the market circulation of enterprise data is crucial, especially with the rise of technologies like industrial internet and artificial intelligence [4]. Group 5: Technological Foundations for Data Ownership - Technological advancements are more critical than institutional and legal factors in establishing data ownership and facilitating data transactions [5]. - Breakthroughs in key technologies such as privacy computing, blockchain, and data anonymization are necessary for effective implementation of data ownership frameworks [6]. Group 6: Data as a Strategic Resource - The "data dividend" is seen as a new driving force for high-quality development, with the potential value of data increasing with its volume and diversity [6]. - The establishment of a national data center could help aggregate vast amounts of data, positioning it as a crucial strategic resource for the country [6].

Core Viewpoint - The National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) is systematically promoting the market-oriented allocation of data elements through a comprehensive set of policies, aiming to transform vast data advantages into new national competitive advantages [1] Group 1: Data Infrastructure and Policy Development - In terms of improving data infrastructure, the NDRC introduced 21 policies last year focused on the development and utilization of public data resources, with over 10 additional systems related to data property rights expected to be launched this year [1] - The NDRC supports local initiatives to trial circulation and utilization infrastructure, thereby strengthening the foundational facilities for data development and utilization [1] Group 2: Data Utilization and Market Development - The NDRC is driving data development and utilization by leveraging scenarios to fully release the value of data elements, implementing the "data element ×" initiative, and establishing demonstration scenarios for public data [1] - A number of data enterprises focused on data aggregation, sharing, and utilization are emerging, with standards and norms being continuously introduced, leading to an increasingly active data trading environment and the accelerated construction of a national integrated data market [1]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the establishment of a modern industrial system in Hainan, focusing on the digital economy as a key area for innovation and growth [1] - The action plan aims to transform the Haikou Revival City and Hainan Ecological Software Park into innovation-driven and application-driven digital economy industry clusters [1] - By 2027, the core revenue of the digital economy in Hainan is projected to reach 220 billion yuan [1] Group 2 - The plan includes accelerating the layout of computing power industries and fostering a data element market to promote secure and orderly data flow [1] - The strategy involves leveraging technologies such as blockchain, AI, and big data to enhance sectors like digital health, digital entertainment, and shared platforms [1] - There is a focus on industries such as gaming export, data processing, semiconductor chips, and integrated circuits [1] Group 3 - The initiative also aims to promote the digital transformation of enterprises in sectors like petrochemical new materials, modern biomedicine, high-end food processing, and equipment manufacturing [1] - The goal is to advance the integration of digital and physical industries through these transformations [1]

Core Viewpoint - Wuxi is actively developing its data factor market, focusing on maximizing the value of "data assets" to enhance cash flow for enterprises and promote high-quality development of the digital economy [1][5] Group 1: Data Asset Market Development - Wuxi has registered 487 data service providers and listed 465 data products, with a total of 4.95 billion open data entries across 4,035 categories [1] - The establishment of the Wuxi Data Exchange in March 2022 aims to facilitate compliant data trading, emphasizing that "non-compliant data will not be listed" [5][6] - The Wuxi Data Group is implementing a series of regulations and practical guidelines to enhance data asset operation and monetization capabilities [1][6] Group 2: Financing Innovations - Wuxi's first data asset financing lease was successfully executed for 10 million yuan, marking a significant step in the market [2] - The financing lease involved both data assets and physical assets, ensuring a safety net while exploring the potential for standalone data asset transactions in the future [3] - The leasing company is exploring asset securitization products to further activate data assets, potentially increasing financing scale beyond 150 million yuan [3] Group 3: Future Goals and Regulations - By May 2025, the Wuxi Data Exchange aims to have 492 data service providers and 524 data products listed [6] - The Wuxi government has set ambitious targets for the data factor market, including a transaction scale exceeding 2 billion yuan and the establishment of 600 data service entities by 2026 [6][7] - The Wuxi Data Group is focusing on creating a blockchain-based integrated data circulation platform to support the market's infrastructure [7]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the articles emphasizes the rapid development and exploration of data factor markets in China, particularly through the establishment of national data factor comprehensive pilot zones in various provinces [1][5][6] - The importance of data as a new production factor in the digital economy is highlighted, especially with the rise of generative AI technologies [1][2] - Hubei province has made significant strides in building a high-quality data supply, including the establishment of a cervical cancer screening sample database with over 1,400TB of data and more than 10 billion marked cervical cells [3][4] Group 2 - The data labeling industry is identified as a critical component in the development of large models, with Hubei supporting the growth of this sector through action plans focused on park construction and enterprise introduction [2] - Various regions, including Shandong, are addressing challenges in data circulation by creating practical scenarios that enhance data flow and economic development, exemplified by the integration of public data resources in the rose industry [4] - Anhui province has established specialized industry zones for data products and has launched over 1,084 products, while also creating a public data utilization policy framework [5][6]

Core Viewpoint - Shenzhen is set to deepen its comprehensive reform pilot program, as highlighted in the recent policy document issued by the central government, which aims to enhance high-quality development and provide replicable experiences for other regions in China [1][2][6]. Group 1: Reform Acceleration - The new policy document represents a "second acceleration" of Shenzhen's comprehensive reform pilot, building on the achievements of the previous five years [2][3]. - Shenzhen has implemented 48 reform measures that have been promoted by the National Development and Reform Commission, showcasing its role as a model for reform [2][3]. Group 2: Key Areas of Focus - The document emphasizes four key areas: integrated reform of education, technology, and talent systems; empowering the real economy through finance, technology, and data; establishing a higher-level open economy; and improving governance models [3][5]. - The first focus area highlights the need for efficient collaboration between education, technology, and talent, aiming to create a comprehensive mechanism for talent cultivation, technological research, and industrial transformation [3][4]. Group 3: Financial and Economic Empowerment - Specific measures include enhancing financial services for the real economy, innovating support mechanisms for emerging industries, and deepening market-oriented reforms for data elements [5][6]. - The document aims to optimize trade and improve the facilitation of personnel movement, reflecting Shenzhen's strategic focus on adapting to new foreign trade conditions [6][7]. Group 4: Contribution to National Strategy - The policy aims to create more replicable and scalable experiences that can contribute to the construction of a modern socialist country and enhance Shenzhen's role in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area [6][7]. - The document also indicates a shift towards deeper integration of financial markets, allowing companies listed on the Hong Kong Stock Exchange to also list on the Shenzhen Stock Exchange, which could enhance capital market connectivity [7].