在事故发生整整一个月之际，也是《国际民用航空公约》所规定的初步调查报告公布截止期限内，印度 航空事故调查局(下称"AAIB")在其官方网站公布了一份关于6月12日发生的印度航空（Air India）787-8 客机坠毁事故的初步调查报告（Preliminary Report，下称"报告"）。 "报告"披露了这个由印度艾哈迈达巴德机场飞往英国伦敦盖特威克机场的AI171航班从背景信息、人员 伤亡、气象信息、飞行记录仪以及机场、气象、通讯等相关信息在内的资料，以及目前关于此次事故调 查的进展情况。 根据《报告》披露的内容显示，失事客机配备了两台增强型机载飞行记录仪（俗称黑匣子），分别安装 在飞机前部和机尾，用于记录飞行数据和驾驶舱语音信息的组合数据流，两者均存储在同一设备中。 虽然有一定程度损毁，但事故调查组还是通过还原数据解密了大量有价值的内容并在《报告》中公布。 "787的两个燃油控制开关从设计上来说也不是简单通过拨动或者按动就可以切换状态，而是必须要有一 个拔起和回收的动作，即便不小心误触也不会导致状态变化，更何况两个开关一起动作。"前述787飞行 员对本报记者表示。 另一位在航空公司担任机务工作的人士也向 ...

第一财经记者今日从知情人士处获得确认， 美国已经同意GE航空航天集团等美国相关飞机零部件企 业，恢复向中国供应飞机发动机等关键零部件。 6月份，美国商务部暂停了部分美国公司向中国出售产品和技术的许可证，这些产品和技术被用于制 造国产C919飞机。 对于媒体询问美国恢复EDA软件、乙烷、飞机发动机等产品对华出口，商务部新闻发言人今日表 示，中美伦敦经贸会谈后，双方于近期确认了落实两国元首6月5日通话重要共识和巩固日内瓦经贸 会谈成果的具体细节。目前，双方团队正在加紧落实伦敦框架有关成果。中方正依法依规审批符合条 件的管制物项出口许可申请。美方也采取相应行动，取消对华采取的一系列限制性措施，有关情况已 向中方作了通报。 2025.07. 04 本文字数：1494，阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 | 第一财经 陈姗姗 一个月前被暂停出口中国的美国发动机等飞机零部件，开始恢复出口。 另据记者了解，4月份一度暂停接收的波音飞机，目前也已恢复交付中国的航空公司。 国产C919发动机恢复供应 目前，国产飞机C919所使用的发动机，航电系统等都与美国有关，比如发动机是由美国GE航空航 天集团与法国赛峰集团合资生产的LEAP-1C， ...

Group 1 - The export of American aircraft engines and components to China has resumed after a previous suspension, confirming the restoration of supply from companies like GE Aviation [2] - The C919 aircraft's delivery was not significantly impacted by the suspension of engine exports in June due to existing inventory held by COMAC [1][4] - The LEAP-1C engine, produced by a joint venture between GE Aviation and Safran, is the only overseas powerplant for the C919, highlighting the reliance on foreign technology in China's aviation sector [4] Group 2 - Boeing has resumed the delivery of aircraft to Chinese airlines, including the Boeing 737 MAX and 787, which had been temporarily halted due to trade tensions [3][6] - The exemption of tariffs on aircraft and certain engine components allows Chinese airlines to import planes at previous tax rates, which are 5% for narrow-body and 1% for wide-body aircraft [7] - In 2018, Boeing delivered a quarter of its new aircraft to China, indicating the significance of the Chinese market for Boeing's business [7] Group 3 - The Changjiang-1000A engine, China's first fully independent turbofan engine, is currently undergoing flight testing and awaits certification for commercial use [5] - The Chinese government has emphasized the need for self-sufficiency in aviation engine development, as highlighted in the "13th Five-Year" national strategic emerging industries development plan [4]

报告还指出，导致这场事故的还有联邦航空局在监管工作上的责任，"联邦航空局的合规执行监督和审 计规划活动没有发挥作用"，未能完全识别并确保波音公司解决其零件拆除过程相关的问题，这些问 题"重复出现并系统性不合规"。 2024年1月5日，美国阿拉斯加航空公司一架波音737MAX 9型客机起飞后不久发生事故，机舱侧面一处 门塞脱落。调查人员检查后发现，4个本应将门塞固定到位的螺栓缺失。事故发生时距离该客机交付阿 拉斯加航空公司仅约两个月。 美国国家运输安全委员会主席珍妮弗·霍门迪在当天的投票听证会上说，波音公司在安全流程上操作不 规范是造成事故的原因之一，而导致此次事故的安全缺陷对于波音和联邦航空局来说，本应是"显而易 见的，因此是可以预防的"，因此"这样的事故只有在多个系统发生故障时才会发生"。 调查报告说，这架飞机在交付给阿拉斯加航空公司之前，用于固定门塞的4个螺栓就已经缺失，这可能 导致涉事门塞在此前的飞行中就逐渐松动，直至最终脱落。该事件是由于波音"未能提供充分的培训、 指导和监督以确保制造人员能够始终如一且正确地遵守其零件拆卸流程"而造成。 新华财经华盛顿6月24日电美国国家运输安全委员会24日说，该委员 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent challenges faced by Boeing, particularly focusing on safety issues, declining orders, and the impact of a recent plane crash, highlighting the company's struggle to maintain its reputation and market position in the aviation industry [1][3][18]. Group 1: Recent Incidents and Impact - On June 12, 2025, an Indian Airlines Boeing 787 crashed shortly after takeoff, resulting in 241 fatalities and only one survivor, marking it as one of the worst aviation disasters in a decade [1]. - Following the crash, India's aviation regulatory body ordered inspections of all Boeing 787 aircraft and is considering grounding the model [1]. - The crash has intensified scrutiny on Boeing, contributing to a significant trust crisis and damaging the company's brand image [3]. Group 2: Boeing's Historical Context - Boeing, established in 1916, was once a dominant force in the aviation industry, producing iconic aircraft like the Boeing 707 and 747, which significantly shaped commercial aviation [4][6]. - The Boeing 747, known for its four engines and dual-deck design, was a technological pinnacle for the company, capturing over 60% of the global commercial aviation market at its peak [6]. Group 3: Financial Performance and Order Decline - Boeing's new aircraft orders plummeted by approximately 60% last year, reflecting a severe downturn in demand [3]. - The company has faced continuous losses since 2019, accumulating a net loss of $36 billion (approximately 260 billion RMB) over six years, marking the longest period of losses in its history [9]. Group 4: Cultural and Operational Changes - The decline in Boeing's engineering culture began after its acquisition of McDonnell Douglas in 1997, shifting the focus from safety and quality to profit maximization [10]. - Boeing's decision to outsource critical components led to quality control issues, exemplified by the delayed production of the 787 Dreamliner, which was three years behind schedule due to unusable parts from suppliers [11]. Group 5: Safety Issues and Regulatory Scrutiny - The 737 MAX crisis, resulting from rushed upgrades to compete with Airbus, led to two fatal crashes and revealed significant flaws in Boeing's safety management systems [13][14]. - Investigations uncovered 27 issues within Boeing's safety management, including poor communication and lack of effective reporting channels [14]. Group 6: Future Outlook and Market Position - Despite its challenges, Boeing is unlikely to face bankruptcy due to its dominant position in the commercial aircraft market, which is primarily shared with Airbus [18]. - The company is working with the FAA to implement a new safety management system to address quality and safety concerns, aiming to restore public trust [20].

另一方面，制造飞机的波音公司首席执行官奥尔特伯格发表声明称："我们正在准备对由印度 航空事故调查局主导的调查提供支持"。为事故飞机提供发动机的GE航空航天表示："我们已 成立紧急响应小组，全面支持客户和调查工作"。 印度航空客机的坠机现场（6月12日，reuters） 波音787首次发生的坠机事故令全球航空界震惊。目前全球约有1100架787在运营。日本也与该机型有深 厚的渊源，日本全日空是被交付首架的"首发运营商"，日本的主要航空零部件供应商还参与了787的制 造…… 印度西部发生的客机坠机事故造成超过240人遇难。坠毁的是美国波音公司的"787型"飞机， 全球约有1100架在运营。这款飞机与日本也有深厚的渊源，日本企业制造了超过三成的机体 零部件。虽然调查事故原因仍需时间，但这是787首次发生坠机事故，全球航空界为之震惊。 事故原因调查"需要时间" 运营事故飞机的印度的航空公司印度航空（Air India）表示："调查需要时间。我们将全力以 赴，24小时支持调查人员"（该航空首席执行官坎贝尔·威尔逊）。 波音的小型客机"737MAX"曾在2018～2019年连续两年发生坠机事故，累计导致约350人遇 难。 ...

以下文章来源于科工力量 ，作者张仲麟 科工力量 . 观察者网科技工业新闻小组官方账号 虎嗅注：综合媒体 消息，印度航空公司12日发表声明说，该公司一架飞往英国的客机在该国古吉拉 特邦艾哈迈达巴德机场附近坠毁。随后该国民航局确认，机上246人遇难。另据印度媒体报道，客机 型号为波音787，坠毁在古吉拉特邦一个居民区附近。目前，通往该居民区的所有道路均已关闭。 本文为旧文重发，首发于2022年12月20日。本文来自微信公众号： 科工力量 （ID： guanchacaijing） ，作者：张仲麟，题图来自：视觉中国 当12月9日C919正式交付东航取得适航许可证之时，太平洋对岸的著名航空媒体《航空周刊》获得了 一份关于波音787的文件，揭露了波音787的大量质量问题。这份文件揭露出来的问题之多不由令人 咋舌，也让"梦想飞机"一夜之间梦碎。 早在2020年9月，波音787就爆出具有生产质量问题。在当时暴露出来的问题，一个是飞机机身后段 两个结构件之间的垫片没有安装到位，使得飞机后部机身的结构强度不足。而另一个则是飞机机身安 装蒙皮的复合材料机身没有打磨光滑，使得蒙皮无法完全贴合，令蒙皮强度下降。在当时，这一问题 直接 ...

数据新闻编辑：陈华罗新媒体设计：许骁校对：李立军 6月12日，印度航空一架计划从艾哈迈达巴德机场起飞前往伦敦的客机，在古吉拉特邦艾哈迈达巴德机场附近居民区坠毁。 据印度媒体报道，该坠毁飞机先低空飞行，努力爬升，最终坠毁在地面并爆炸。飞机飞行了大约五分钟，于当地时间下午1点38分坠毁。据央视新闻当地 时间12日消息，当地警方称在印度客机坠机事故中发现一名幸存者，目前在医院接受治疗。 同时，这架飞机也成为全球首架因空难全损的波音787型飞机。 波音事故率排在各大公司第二位 此次发生事故的印度航空AI171航班的机型是美国波音公司的787-8，2014年1月交付印度航空。值得注意的是，这是波音787首次因空难全损。 2024年12月底，韩国济州航空一架波音737-800型客机因降落失败，冲出跑道后撞墙爆炸，最终造成机上181人中179人遇难。 在更早之前，波音737Max8机型曾于2018年10月和2019年3月发生两起坠机事故，共造成346人死亡，涉事飞机均为刚服役不久的新飞机。这导致737Max8 在全球范围内停飞近两年时间，波音业绩受到重创。 据相关消息，737Max曾是波音的主力销售机型，而此次印度航空空难 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the resumption of Boeing aircraft deliveries to Chinese airlines after a two-month hiatus due to tariffs imposed during U.S.-China trade tensions [2][5] - A new Boeing 737 MAX aircraft has been delivered from Seattle to China, marking the restart of aircraft deliveries [3][7] - The previous suspension of deliveries was due to a 125% tariff on imported aircraft, which has now been lifted for certain aircraft and parts, allowing airlines to import at lower rates of 5% for narrow-body and 1% for wide-body aircraft [7][8] Group 2 - Several Chinese airlines, including Xiamen Airlines and China Eastern Airlines, are preparing to resume accepting Boeing aircraft, with additional deliveries expected in June [7][8] - Boeing's market in China is significant, with 25% of its new aircraft deliveries going to China at its peak in 2018; the company has delivered 20 aircraft to China this year and plans to deliver 29 more by year-end [8] - The article also highlights the impact of U.S. export restrictions on aircraft engines, particularly affecting the C919 aircraft, which relies on the LEAP-1C engine produced by a joint venture between GE and Safran [10][11] Group 3 - The C919 aircraft program is progressing, with recent deliveries made to Chinese airlines, and the domestic engine, Changjiang-1000A, is undergoing testing [11][13] - The article notes that while the U.S. has imposed restrictions on engine exports, this may accelerate China's efforts to develop its own aviation engines [10][13]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses China's strategic maneuvering in the rare earth and aviation sectors, highlighting a shift from merely exporting raw materials to leveraging technology and market access for industrial advancement. Group 1: Rare Earth Industry - China holds 90% of global crude gallium production but has faced challenges in high-end purification, prompting a recent temporary export permit to U.S. automakers as a strategic move [3] - A breakthrough in 7N high-purity gallium production technology by a team from Guangxi University has reduced the purification cycle from 7 days to 48 hours, allowing China to transition from "selling ore" to "selling technology" [3] - The export permit is temporary and subject to real-time regulation by Chinese authorities, with a tiered release strategy already benefiting European and Vietnamese companies [3] - Upgrades in rare earth production areas in Jiangxi and Yunnan are ensuring resources are directed towards high-end sectors like new energy vehicles and photovoltaics [3] Group 2: Aviation Industry - The recent acceptance of a Boeing 737MAX by Xiamen Airlines, previously returned due to tariff issues, reflects a strategic timing to bolster domestic aircraft manufacturing [6] - The current domestic aircraft C919 has a 60% localization rate, with core components still reliant on imports; the pause in accepting Boeing aircraft allowed for accelerated development of domestic composite materials [6] - Boeing has a backlog of 130 orders from China, and the resumption of deliveries helps avoid a gap in air transport capacity while China seeks technology transfer from Boeing to enhance its domestic maintenance capabilities [8] - The reduction of tariffs from 125% to acceptable levels has made Boeing aircraft more financially viable for China, with the CEO noting that most tariffs can be recouped upon export [9] Group 3: Strategic Implications - The apparent concessions in rare earth exports and Boeing aircraft acceptance are part of a broader strategy for China to maintain leverage while advancing its manufacturing capabilities [11] - Chinese companies are relocating rare earth processing to Malaysia and Australia to mitigate trade risks, indicating a shift in the supply chain dynamics [11] - Despite ongoing U.S. technology restrictions on the C919, domestic orders are projected to extend to 2030, with the resumption of Boeing deliveries providing a critical five-year window for supply chain development [11] - The strategic approach of selectively easing restrictions while retaining key resources illustrates a sophisticated balance of power in international trade [13]