关注公众号，点击公众号主页右上角" ··· "，设置星标 "⭐" ，关注 鑫椤锂电 资讯~ 本文来源：锂电草堂 放电截止电压： 指电池充满电后进行放电， 放完电时达到的电压（ 若继续放电则为过放，对电池的寿命和性能有损伤） 。 充电限制电压： 充电过程中由恒流变为恒压充电的电压（ 若继续充电则为过充） 。 | | 开路电压 | 工作电压 | 放电截止电压 | 充电限制电压 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 铅酸电池 | 2.1~2.2V | 2.0V | 1.7V | 2.3V | | 镍镐电池 | 1.4V | 1.2V | 1.0V | | | 镍氢电池 | 1.4V | 1.2V | 1.0V | | | 锂电池 | 4.1~4.2V | 3.6~3.7V | | 2.6~2.0公众号 42-4.3V | 一、 电池的分类 二、 电池的性能参数 1、电压（ V） ： 开路电压： 指电池在没有连接外电路或者外负载时的电压。 开路电压与电池的剩余能量有一定的联系， 电量显示就是利用这个原理。 工作电压： 是指电池在工作状态下即电路中有电流流过时电池正负极之间的电势差。在 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the significant role of Central South University in cultivating talent for China's lithium battery industry, highlighting the return of alumni to invest in Hunan's economic development, particularly in the new energy sector [3][5][37]. Group 1: Lithium Battery Industry - In 2023, China became the world's largest automobile exporter, with over 2 million new energy vehicles expected to be exported in 2024, marking a decade of leading global production and sales in this sector [3]. - Central South University is referred to as the "Huangpu Military Academy" of the lithium battery industry, with approximately 70% of R&D personnel in the sector coming from this institution [7][8]. - Notable alumni include Wang Chuanfu of BYD, who founded the company in 1995 and has since transformed it into the world's leading new energy vehicle manufacturer [11][34]. Group 2: Alumni Impact - The "Central South System" of entrepreneurs has been pivotal in Hunan's industrial development, with many alumni returning to invest in the region [5][31]. - Central South University alumni have founded or control over 110 listed companies, with more than 30 related to the new energy sector [31]. - The market capitalizations of several alumni-founded companies are significant, with BYD valued at 658.8 billion RMB and Rongbai Technology at 30.6 billion RMB [15][33]. Group 3: Educational Excellence - Central South University, established in 2000, is recognized as China's "youngest" 985 university, excelling in metallurgy and materials science, which are crucial for the lithium battery industry [20][21]. - The university's materials science and engineering programs rank among the top globally, contributing to advancements in key technologies for new energy applications [28][29]. - The National Energy Metal Resources and New Materials Key Laboratory, led by Central South University, is one of the largest research platforms for new energy materials in China [29]. Group 4: Economic Development in Hunan - The "Return of Hunan Merchants" initiative has attracted nearly 2 trillion RMB in investments since its inception, with a significant portion directed towards manufacturing [44]. - In 2024, Hunan aims to achieve a total output value of 400 billion RMB in the new energy industry, with a focus on lithium batteries and energy storage materials [46]. - The collaboration between Central South University's academic strengths and Hunan's resource endowments is expected to drive substantial growth in the new energy sector [47].

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the correct practices for charging mobile phones, debunking outdated myths and providing updated guidelines for optimal battery maintenance and longevity [2][4]. Charging Practices - It is a misconception that mobile phones should be fully charged and fully discharged. Modern lithium-ion batteries do not suffer from memory effect like older nickel-cadmium batteries, allowing for more flexible charging habits [2][4]. - The lifespan of lithium-ion batteries is closely related to charging cycles. Each complete discharge and recharge counts as one cycle, and deep discharges can damage the battery structure, leading to reduced capacity. Therefore, "multiple small charges" are recommended [4]. Charging Sequence - The correct sequence for charging is to plug the charger into the power source first, then connect the data cable to the phone. This prevents potential surge voltage that could damage the phone [6]. Disconnecting Devices - When disconnecting after charging, it is advisable to unplug the phone first before removing the charger. This helps avoid reverse current that can accelerate battery aging [9]. Power Banks - Many power banks claim high capacities (e.g., 20,000 mAh), but the actual usable capacity is lower due to energy loss during conversion. Users should check the rated capacity in the manual for accurate information [10][13]. - Similar to mobile phones, power banks also use lithium-ion batteries and are affected by charging cycles. The same "multiple small charges" practice is recommended for them [13]. Charging Equipment - There is a belief that using mismatched chargers can cause battery damage. However, most chargers have smart chips that adjust the output to match the device's requirements [15]. - Playing games while charging can lead to increased temperatures, which negatively impacts battery lifespan. It is also advised to avoid thick phone cases that can trap heat [15].

Group 1 - The article highlights the evolution of China's battery industry, showcasing key figures like Wang Chuanfu and Zeng Yuqun, who transformed their companies into leaders in the global market [1][5][7] - The Chinese battery industry initially lagged behind Japan and South Korea, focusing mainly on lead-acid batteries, with little core technology in new energy batteries [7][9] - Government initiatives, such as the "Ten Cities, Thousand Vehicles" project, provided significant subsidies, which catalyzed rapid growth in the electric vehicle sector [9][11] Group 2 - The article discusses the technological advancements that allowed Chinese companies to transition from followers to leaders in the battery sector, including breakthroughs in lithium batteries and cost reductions [13][14][16] - BYD's "blade battery" and CATL's "Kirrin battery" represent significant innovations, with the latter achieving an energy density of 255Wh/kg, surpassing Tesla's 4680 battery [16][18] - Chinese companies now dominate the global battery market, controlling 70% of lithium processing capacity and housing six of the top ten battery manufacturers [23][24] Group 3 - The future of the battery industry is poised for further innovation, with developments in solid-state batteries and sodium-ion batteries, indicating a shift towards higher energy densities and improved performance [21][23] - The article emphasizes the strategic positioning of Chinese companies in the global market, suggesting that they are not just participants but are becoming key players in the new energy landscape [24][27] - The narrative concludes with a reflection on the transformation of the industry, highlighting the shift from internal combustion engines to electric vehicles, marking the rise of a new energy empire [24][27]