Core Insights - The research conducted by Ningbo Oriental University and Southern University of Science and Technology reveals the driving mechanisms behind the extreme ocean heatwaves of 2023, providing crucial scientific evidence for understanding and predicting future extreme ocean events [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - The study constructed the world's first mixed-layer heat budget diagnostic framework based on high-resolution ocean reanalysis data, which quantitatively characterizes the unprecedented features of global ocean heatwaves in terms of intensity, duration, and spatial coverage in 2023 [1] - The research identified different driving mechanisms for ocean heatwaves in four key global ocean regions, including enhanced shortwave flux and shallower mixed layers in the North Atlantic and North Pacific, reduced cloud cover and increased advection in the Southwest Pacific, and increased oceanic advection in the tropical East Pacific [1] Group 2: Importance of Earth System Science - Developing Earth system science is crucial for revealing the intrinsic mechanisms of complex climate phenomena, enhancing global climate prediction capabilities, and formulating scientific response strategies [2] - Establishing a physics-based forecasting system, strengthening real-time monitoring of multiple ocean factors, and conducting in-depth research on early warning of extreme climate events are of significant practical importance for addressing future climate risks [2]

Core Viewpoint - The emergence of new research-oriented universities in China, such as Ningbo Oriental University of Technology, is aimed at cultivating top innovative talents to meet national development needs [2][4]. Group 1: Characteristics of New Research-Oriented Universities - New research-oriented universities are characterized by being small yet specialized, having a high starting point, being internationalized, and focusing on innovation and entrepreneurship [2][3]. - These universities have developed in response to the upgrading of national development strategies, the commercialization and marketization of higher education, and changes in the international educational environment [2][3]. Group 2: Educational Approach and Curriculum - New research-oriented universities emphasize a research-based approach to education, aligning closely with market development needs and focusing on technology innovation [4]. - For instance, Ningbo Oriental University of Technology offers a flexible curriculum where students can choose their majors after the first year, promoting interdisciplinary learning and creativity [4][5]. - The universities also incorporate a dual mentorship system, providing both general education and specialized academic guidance to enhance students' overall development [4][5]. Group 3: Economic and Social Impact - New research-oriented universities possess strong economic foundations and favorable working environments, which help attract high-end talent and foster entrepreneurship among academic staff and graduates [6]. - The establishment of these universities addresses the imbalance in the supply and demand for high-quality applied talents in China, as more high-scoring students are choosing universities based on personal interests and career prospects rather than solely on prestige [6].

哈尔滨工业大学土木工程学院教授范峰介绍，近年来，全球极端冰雪灾害频发，寒冷地区每年遭受 不同程度的雪致工程灾害，大跨空间结构由于自身特点与应用广泛性，雪致工程灾害后果更为严重。 原标题：实验室真实再现极端天气下屋面积雪环境 记者近日从哈尔滨工业大学获悉，国家重大科研仪器研制项目"大跨空间结构风—雨—热—雪全过 程联合模拟试验系统"研制成功。该系统的研制成功，为深入揭示大跨空间结构风—雨—热—雪耦合作 用下屋面积雪全过程演变机理提供了全球首个试验平台，标志着中国冰雪工程研究正式迈入全要素耦合 时代。 记者走进哈尔滨工业大学风工程实验室，一座体育馆缩尺模型正承受着极端气候的考验。零下15℃ 的寒风中，人造雪粒被狂风卷成漩涡；热辐射灯阵骤然亮起，模拟正午烈日；降雨喷嘴，同步在喷洒冰 雨。这正是国家重大科研仪器研制项目"大跨空间结构风—雨—热—雪全过程联合模拟试验系统"的日常 测试。 "我们压缩了自然气候的时空尺度。"团队成员张清文副教授指着实时监测屏介绍说，"风雪模块启 动后，建筑模型屋面逐渐呈现自然堆雪过程；热辐射模块介入后，屋脊积雪渐成冰水混合物；而降雨模 块喷射的过冷水滴撞击积雪表面，瞬间形成致命冰壳。" 通 ...

Core Viewpoint - The successful development of China's first lunar regolith brick-making machine marks a significant step towards utilizing lunar soil for construction on the Moon, potentially enabling the creation of lunar habitats. Group 1: Development Stages of the Lunar Regolith Brick-Making Machine - The research and development of the lunar regolith brick-making machine took approximately two years, involving three key stages: concept validation, product development, and process iteration [2]. - In the concept validation stage, the research team conducted various tests on solar concentration technology, ultimately selecting Fresnel lens and film lens methods for solar concentration [2]. - During the product development phase, the team focused on efficient energy transmission and lunar regolith densification, achieving breakthroughs in energy transmission fiber technology and lunar regolith transport mechanisms [2][3]. Group 2: Characteristics of the Lunar Regolith Bricks - The lunar regolith brick-making machine operates by using a parabolic mirror to concentrate solar energy, achieving a concentration ratio of over 3000 times, which melts the lunar soil at temperatures exceeding 1300°C [4]. - The bricks produced are made from 100% in-situ lunar regolith without any additives, exhibiting high strength and density, suitable for various construction needs beyond just housing [4]. Group 3: Steps to Build Lunar Habitats - To construct habitats on the Moon, several technical challenges must be addressed, including the integration of lunar regolith bricks with rigid and flexible structural components [5]. - The process involves three main steps: advancing key technologies for brick manufacturing and structural evaluation, conducting lunar surface tests of the brick-making machine, and developing pressure-resistant modules that work in conjunction with the brick-making machine and lunar construction robots [6].

Core Insights - The "Large-Scale Salt Cavern Hydrogen Storage" project marks a significant step in China's hydrogen energy industry, addressing the need for large-scale hydrogen storage solutions [1][2] - The project aims to fill the gap in China's large-scale salt cavern hydrogen storage sector and provide practical examples to overcome technical challenges in gaseous hydrogen storage [1] - The initiative is a collaboration between China Salt Group, Tsinghua University, and several other institutions, focusing on developing a complete technology system with independent intellectual property rights for salt cavern hydrogen storage [1] Group 1 - The project officially commenced on July 25, 2023, in Changzhou, Jiangsu, and is part of a national key research and development plan [1] - The project will establish two new salt caverns, including two hydrogen injection and extraction wells and two brine injection and discharge wells, serving as a testbed for hydrogen storage performance [2] - The project is set to tackle core issues related to safety, efficiency, and cost in large-scale hydrogen storage, including geological space optimization and new material development [1][2] Group 2 - The project is expected to enhance China's strategic hydrogen storage capacity and provide essential infrastructure for the future large-scale application of hydrogen energy [2] - The project will also create a geological large-scale hydrogen storage verification platform for experimental research [1]

◎科技日报记者 代小佩 在生命科学研究领域，地衣这一特殊生物复合体，曾长期处于我国科学家的认知之外。而中国科学院院 士、著名地衣真菌学家魏江春经过半个多世纪深耕，用智慧和坚持在地衣学领域取得系列成果。 魏江春是中国地衣学科的开拓者。从零起步，他建立了亚洲最大的地衣标本室，完成了世界上第一个地 衣型真菌全基因组测序及其基本生物学分析，从中发现大量抗逆基因和"沉默基因"，并破解其激活机 制；他提出"沙漠生物地毯工程"，为治沙提供新路径。魏江春推动中国地衣学科完成了从"一人独 行"到"世界领跑"的跨越。 魏江春的科研足迹，勾勒出地衣研究在我国的发展历史，更展现出中国科学家填补学科空白、勇攀世界 高峰的精神力量。 前不久，魏江春接受了科技日报记者专访。从地衣的本质特性到其科学价值，从个人科研历程到学科发 展脉络，94岁的他娓娓道来我国地衣学科发展的历程。 白手起家建立亚洲最大地衣标本室 记者：您投身地衣研究已70余年。很多人对"地衣"并不熟悉，能否用通俗的语言介绍一下什么是地衣？ 它的科学研究价值体现在哪些方面？ 魏江春：地衣是一类特殊的生物复合体，由真菌与光合生物（如藻类）共生形成。真菌通过菌丝为藻类 提供水分、矿 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of public awareness and education in combating viral hepatitis, highlighting common misconceptions and the need for collective action to eliminate the disease [1] Group 1: Misconceptions about Transmission - Misconception 1: Contact with hepatitis patients leads to infection. Daily interactions with hepatitis B and C patients do not pose a risk unless there is exposure to blood or bodily fluids [2][3] - Misconception 2: Hepatitis can be prevented by taking health supplements. The most effective prevention is vaccination, and reliance on supplements can be harmful to the liver [4][5][6] Group 2: Understanding Disease Progression - Misconception 3: All viral hepatitis will progress to liver cancer. Acute hepatitis A and E typically do not lead to cancer, while chronic hepatitis B and C can, but with proper treatment, many patients can avoid this outcome [7][9] - Misconception 4: Viral hepatitis is hereditary. It is a contagious disease, not genetic, although it can be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth [10][11]

Core Insights - Qinghai Province is leveraging its clean energy resources to pursue a path of green and high-quality development, becoming a leader in clean energy production in China [1][3] Group 1: Clean Energy Infrastructure - Qinghai's total installed power capacity reached 75.9 million kilowatts by June 2023, with clean energy and renewable energy accounting for 94.2% and 72.6% of the total, respectively, both ranking first in the country [1] - The province has established the first clean energy and green computing scheduling center, which connects data from 28 power generation companies and 558 renewable energy stations, enabling efficient management of dispersed power generation facilities [2] Group 2: Operational Efficiency - The scheduling center allows for unmanned operation and centralized monitoring, reducing operational personnel costs by over 40% for power generation companies [2] - The center supports real-time monitoring, remote control, and fault handling, ensuring the safe operation of the power grid [2] Group 3: Green Computing Integration - Qinghai is integrating clean energy with green computing, responding to the growing demand for computing power driven by advancements in artificial intelligence [3][4] - The province has developed a big data model for coordinated scheduling of computing power and energy, optimizing energy consumption during periods of abundant renewable energy supply [4] Group 4: Carbon Footprint Management - Green computing is being utilized for carbon footprint tracking and green low-carbon certification for export products, enhancing the international competitiveness of enterprises [5] - The scheduling center has established a carbon footprint database for export-oriented companies, providing proof of green computing usage to help them navigate global green trade barriers [5]

科技日报记者了解到，在刚刚闭幕的"锋刃-2025"国际狙击手射击竞赛上，这套智能裁评系统大显身 手。除此之外，赛事直播导播系统、信息存储回放系统等"黑科技"也提升了这场国际比武竞赛的效率。 "不仅狙击需要精准，裁评也需要精准。用科技最大限度减少人为因素干扰，挤干成绩水分，才能确保 竞赛公平公正公开。"武警部队参谋部主办局领导说。 智能裁评系统： 消除执裁盲区与风险 "锋刃"国际狙击手射击竞赛是中国人民武装警察部队开展实战化训练和国际军事合作的重要品牌，此前 已成功举办3届。 此次竞赛中，依靠智能裁评系统，射击精度被丈量到毫厘。 比赛现场，身着橙色背心、手持智能裁评系统移动终端的赛道裁判遍布各个射击阵位，120多个靶位高 清摄像机覆盖了暗箭刀锋、百步穿杨、搭乘舟艇水上狙击、远距离挑战狙击等7个竞赛场地。 7月的天山北麓，热浪翻滚。 "锋刃-2025"国际狙击手射击竞赛的"百步穿杨"课目比赛现场氛围热烈。12名狙击手凝神屏息，枪中的 子弹几乎同时射向近百米外的目标。 射击完毕，白俄罗斯参赛队员安德烈·卡夏纽克的目光没有投向远处的靶纸，而是径直走向赛道裁判。 裁判将一台轻薄的手持平板递到他眼前，上面清晰展示出他四发 ...

Group 1: Climate Change Impact on Cultural Heritage - One-sixth of the world's cultural heritage is threatened by climate change, with extreme weather and ecological imbalance causing significant damage [1] - In Shanxi, 1,783 cultural relics were affected by unusual heavy rainfall in October 2021, including 61 sections of the World Heritage site Pingyao Ancient City, which suffered structural collapses [2][3] - Long-term climate changes can gradually damage cultural relics, with a 1°C increase in global average temperature leading to a 20%-25% reduction in wood strength and a 30% increase in stone weathering rates [3][4] Group 2: Challenges in Cultural Heritage Preservation - Approximately 10% of registered protected buildings in China have gradually disappeared since the 21st century, with about 2,000 heritage buildings lost each year [4] - The shift from passive restoration to proactive maintenance is necessary for cultural heritage protection, emphasizing the need for innovative technologies and risk awareness [5][6] - There is a shortage of professionals skilled in both technology and restoration theory, which hampers preventive protection efforts [7][8] Group 3: Resilience Protection Systems - A resilience protection system is needed for ancient buildings to adapt to external shocks and environmental changes [9][10] - This system should integrate monitoring and predictive analysis capabilities, enhancing both the resilience of cultural heritage and its surrounding environment [10][11] - Establishing a comprehensive lifecycle protection system is essential for the longevity and stability of ancient buildings, requiring collaboration across various sectors and the involvement of research institutions and universities [12]