青海省海西州格尔木市的戈壁滩上，巨型白色罐体十分抢眼。罐体内，零下194摄氏度的极寒环境中， 能量正以液态空气的形式静静"蛰伏"。 这便是中国绿发投资集团有限公司（以下简称"中国绿发"）打造的全球在建规模最大液态空气储能示范 项目——青海省6万千瓦/60万千瓦时液态空气储能示范项目。目前，该项目已进入最后调试阶段。 这个被工程师们称为"超级空气充电宝"的巨无霸是如何打造的？技术有哪些创新之处？科技日报记者近 日来到项目工程现场进行探访。 2022年，青海省"揭榜挂帅"新型储能示范项目发榜，液态空气储能这一前沿技术成为攻坚焦点。彼时， 这项技术在国内尚属空白，国际上也仅有少数国家处于探索阶段，高原规模化应用更无先例可循。 2023年，项目正式开工建设。作为建设单位，中国绿发青海分公司与技术攻坚团队克服高原环境带来的 重重挑战，将拥有完全自主知识产权的7项国际创新技术融入工程实践，成功实现液化空气储能技术从 百千瓦级到万千瓦级的规模化放大突破。 中国绿发青海分公司液化空气储能项目部副经理姜宇告诉记者，项目全国产化的设备配置，标志着我国 在该领域彻底摆脱了对外依赖。 据悉，这套总功率6万千瓦、储能容量60万千瓦时的 ...

Core Insights - The report indicates that China's energy and electricity sector is experiencing significant breakthroughs in technological innovation, deep integration, and leading development trends [1] Investment and R&D - In 2024, major power companies in China are expected to have an average R&D expenditure intensity of 2.82%, surpassing the national average of 2.68% [1] - Total investment in technological innovation reached 198.32 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.16%, with grid companies investing 51.28 billion yuan, generation companies 104.23 billion yuan, and construction companies 42.81 billion yuan [1] - The total number of research personnel in major power companies is projected to reach 237,073, indicating an improvement in the quality of the technology talent pool [1] Achievements in Innovation - The power sector received four gold and six silver awards at the 25th National Patent Awards in 2024, and from 2017 to 2024, it accumulated 91 National Science and Technology Awards [2] - The number of invention patents authorized in 2024 reached 35,413, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 13.5% [2] - The quality of scientific papers in the power sector has improved, and foundational research capabilities are strengthening [2] Technological Advancements - The transition of thermal power generation towards high efficiency, flexibility, and low carbon has accelerated, with significant breakthroughs in key technologies such as ultra-supercritical circulating fluidized bed boilers and large-scale carbon capture [2] - Hydropower and pumped storage technologies continue to lead, with successful development of high-end equipment like 500 MW impulse units and 700-meter high stability pumped storage units [2] - Wind power generation is trending towards larger and smarter units, with a 26 MW offshore wind turbine leading globally [2] - Photovoltaic cell conversion efficiency has repeatedly set world records, and advanced nuclear technologies like "Hualong One" and "Guohe One" are making steady progress [2] Grid and Storage Innovations - In the grid sector, significant achievements have been made in ultra-high voltage and artificial intelligence technologies, establishing a foundation for new power systems [3] - New energy storage technologies are rapidly evolving, with grid-type storage, long-duration storage, and solid-state batteries moving towards large-scale applications [3] - The deployment of energy sector "super brains" like the Watt and Bright Power models has been initiated [3]

Core Insights - Researchers at Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology have developed a fully biodegradable artificial synapse made from natural materials, which can extend memory retention time to nearly 100 minutes, addressing issues related to electronic waste and paving the way for sustainable neuromorphic technology [1][2]. Group 1: Performance and Structure - The artificial synapse features a layered structure resembling a mini "sandwich," with two ionic active layers sandwiching an ionic bonding layer made from cellulose acetate derived from plant stems, along with materials sourced from shells and legumes [1]. - This device operates with low energy consumption, requiring only 0.85 femtojoules per signal transmission, significantly lower than the 2.4 to 24 femtojoules needed by natural brain synapses [1]. Group 2: Biodegradability and Environmental Impact - The ionic active layer and bonding layer of the device can naturally decompose in soil within approximately 16 days, using environmentally safe materials that do not leave harmful residues after decomposition [2]. - The development addresses multiple challenges in artificial synapses, including ultra-low power consumption, stability, durability, and biodegradability, marking a significant advancement in creating neuromorphic devices that can safely interact with the environment and eventually dissolve [2]. Group 3: Application Potential - A simple robotic system demonstrated the device's application potential, where it can amplify signals in response to heat, triggering a mechanical hand to withdraw from a hot object, simulating human reflex behavior [2]. - This suggests future possibilities for developing environmentally friendly robots that can learn, respond to environmental stimuli, and harmlessly disappear after completing their tasks [2].

Core Insights - A study from MIT reveals that high-fat diets can drive liver cells into an immature state, which may lead to liver cancer development [1][2] - The research indicates that under high-fat stress, liver cells activate survival genes while shutting down those necessary for normal liver function, creating a risk for cancer [2] Group 1: Mechanism of Cancer Development - Liver cells under high-fat conditions revert to a stem cell-like state, which helps them survive but increases the risk of cancer [1] - The study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing to track the progression from liver inflammation and fibrosis to cancer in mice [1] Group 2: Human Implications - Similar mechanisms were observed in human liver disease patients, where higher expression of survival genes correlated with poorer prognosis and shorter survival after tumor development [2] - The timeline for cancer development in humans may extend up to 20 years, influenced by diet, alcohol intake, and viral infections [2] Group 3: Future Research Directions - Future research will explore whether switching to a healthy diet or using GLP-1 weight loss drugs can reverse the changes in liver cells [3] - The study has identified a transcription factor named SOX4 as a potential target for intercepting the cancer progression process [3]

Core Insights - The article highlights significant technological advancements expected in 2026, including AI, gene editing, space exploration, and green energy, which are set to transform various industries and human life [1] AI and Research - AI-driven scientific research is becoming mainstream, with "AI agents" expected to perform complex tasks with minimal human intervention by 2026 [2] - The first major scientific results from AI-led research are anticipated to be published in 2026, although issues such as data deletion errors have been reported [2] - Future developments may focus on smaller AI models that learn from limited data to solve specific problems, outperforming larger models in logical tests [2] Medical Innovations - Two personalized gene therapy clinical trials for rare genetic diseases are expected to start in 2026, following successful CRISPR treatments for infants [3] - A large-scale clinical trial in the UK involving over 140,000 participants is set to report on a blood test that detects cancer by analyzing DNA fragments [3] - Regulatory updates in the UK and potential reforms in the US FDA regarding drug approvals are expected to take effect in 2026 [3] Space Exploration - 2026 will see a surge in lunar exploration, including NASA's "Artemis II" mission, marking the first crewed lunar flight since the 1970s [4] - China's "Chang'e 7" mission aims to explore the Moon's south pole, while Japan plans to send a probe to Mars' moons [4] - The European Space Agency's "PLATO" mission will launch at the end of 2026 to observe exoplanets around bright stars [4] Oceanic Research - China's "Dream" deep-sea research vessel is expected to begin its first scientific mission in 2026, capable of drilling up to 11 kilometers deep [5] Physics Research - The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in Switzerland will undergo significant upgrades starting in 2026, aiming to increase collision frequency by five times by 2030 [6] - The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab is set to be completed in April 2026, focusing on the conversion of muons to electrons without producing other particles [6]

我国完善科技成果转化服务体系，科技成果转化生态进一步优化。我国技术转移服务体系基本建 立，科技成果转化服务平台加快布局，科技创业孵化服务体系进一步完善。数据显示，截至2024年底， 全国孵化机构数量超1.5万家，在孵企业和团队超50万家，累计培育上市（挂牌）企业近6000家。 我国加快构建与科技创新相适应的科技金融体制，赋能科技成果转化取得积极成效。数据显示，国 家科技成果转化引导基金投资700余家科技型企业，带动地方设立成果转化基金总规模超过1400亿元。 截至今年9月末，科技型中小企业贷款余额达3.56万亿元，同比增长22%。科技保险有效护航成果转 化，2024年，保险业为科技研发、成果转化及推广应用等活动提供风险保障约9万亿元。 科技日报北京12月22日电 （记者吴叶凡）22日，十四届全国人大常委会第十九次会议听取了科技 部副部长陈家昌受国务院委托作的关于促进科技成果转化工作情况的报告（以下简称"报告"）。报告显 示，"十四五"以来，我国深化科技成果转化机制改革，完善政策支持和市场服务，科技成果转化实现量 质齐升。2020年到2024年，全国技术合同成交金额从2.83万亿元增长到6.84万亿元，增长幅度 ...

这样一来，就好比把工厂的生产线分成几个独立车间，即便某个车间出现故障，其他车间仍能照常运 转，不会让整个生产停摆。当"工厂"发现某个原子"跑掉"时，会立即从储备区调出备用原子，放到空缺 位置，并将其重置为最低能量状态，使其马上投入运算。同时，完成检查任务的辅助原子也可以被回 收，经过重置后重复使用，实现"边运行边修复"。 为了验证这一机制，研究团队让量子计算机运行了一个重复代码，并连续进行了41轮自检。每轮中，系 统都能像替换损坏零件一样，及时补上丢失的原子，而数据运行不受影响。研究人员表示，如果没有自 我修复功能，系统在几轮运算后就会"耗光原子"，无法继续工作。 这项研究表明，中性原子量子处理器在电路运行中可像"回收零件"一样，重新初始化并重复使用辅助原 子，这样在量子比特寿命有限的条件下，量子电路也能连续运转。 就像传统计算机一样，量子计算机也会"出故障"。在运行过程中，它们有时会丢失用于计算的原子，这 可能会让计算直接中断。不过，据最新一期《物理评论X》杂志报道，美国量子计算机制造商"原子计 算"展示了一种在运行中能自行修复的中性原子量子计算机，克服了原子损耗的关键难题，为开发可持 续运行的量子计算机奠 ...

"十四五"期间，我国建立了加强水土保持工作部际联席会议制度，强化协调配合，形成工作合力，构 建"大水保"格局；统筹省际间合作，加强跨区域水土流失联防联控联治机制，强化流域统一治理管理； 水利部联合生态环境部发布《温室气体自愿减排项目方法学淤地坝碳汇》，在国际上首次提出其核证自 愿减排量的计算方法。 祖雷鸣介绍，5年来，重点地区水土流失得到有效治理。以大江大河上中游、东北黑土区、西南岩溶 区、南水北调水源区、三峡库区等为重点，中央投资支持全面开展小流域综合治理，治理水土流失面积 6.7万平方公里，项目实施区域土壤侵蚀强度降低15到20个百分点，生态系统质量和稳定性明显增强。 科技日报北京12月22日电（记者付丽丽）22日，水利部举行"十四五"时期水土保持改革创新成效新闻发 布会。水利部副部长祖雷鸣在会上表示，"十四五"时期，全国新增水土流失治理面积超34万平方公里， 净减少水土流失面积约11.6万平方公里，全国水土保持率达到73%以上，为促进人与自然和谐共生提供 强有力的支撑保障。 人为水土流失得到有效管控。发布国家级水土流失重点预防区和重点治理区落地上图成果，涉及国土面 积约92万平方公里；完成水土流失严重、 ...

Core Insights - The first two units of the Nanning Pumped Storage Power Station in Guangxi have been successfully put into operation, marking the first pumped storage power station in Guangxi and establishing a new capability in the local power system [1][2] Group 1: Project Overview - The newly commissioned units can convert 500,000 cubic meters of water into 600,000 kilowatt-hours of clean electricity per hour, sufficient to meet the daily electricity needs of 100,000 residential users [1] - The two units add 1.2 million kilowatts of regulation capacity to the grid, nearly 20% of Nanning's peak load, capable of supporting the simultaneous operation of 1.2 million standard air conditioners [1] Group 2: Technical Specifications - Each unit weighs 1,600 tons, equivalent to the weight of 800 electric vehicles, and stands over 28 meters tall, comparable to a nine-story residential building [1] - The core component of the units is made up of over 140,000 silicon steel sheets, each only 0.35 millimeters thick, with vibration control requirements of 50 micrometers during operation [1] Group 3: Project Development and Future Plans - The project is the first approved pumped storage project in South China during the 14th Five-Year Plan, with a total investment of approximately 8 billion yuan, and the main construction began in July 2022 [2] - The second batch of two units is in the final preparation stage for commissioning, expected to be fully operational by the end of the month, which will increase the station's regulation capacity to 2.4 million kilowatts and enable the consumption of up to 2.5 billion kilowatt-hours of clean energy annually, reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 2.2 million tons [2]

Core Viewpoint - The issuance of China's first L3 level autonomous driving license "渝AD0001Z" marks the beginning of a new phase for compliant commercial use of autonomous driving technology in China, officially entering the L3 era [1] Group 1: L3 Autonomous Driving License - The L3 level autonomous driving license was granted to Changan Automobile for use on specific road segments in Chongqing, including major traffic routes with complex conditions [2] - L3 level autonomous driving allows drivers to "take their eyes off the road" under certain conditions, distinguishing it from L2 level driving where continuous attention is required [2][3] Group 2: Technical Capabilities - The L3 autonomous driving system can handle various complex scenarios such as traffic lights, sudden stops, and emergency lane changes, functioning like an experienced driver [3] - The system is designed to alert the driver to take control in exceptional situations, ensuring safety by taking over if no action is taken [3] - Changan's L3 system has undergone over 5 million kilometers of real-world testing in challenging conditions, with a significant number of tested scenarios exceeding national standards [4] Group 3: Consumer Access and Future Implications - Currently, consumers cannot purchase L3 autonomous vehicles directly; they can only experience rides as the vehicles are designated for operational use [5][6] - The trial is a crucial step for the industry, paving the way for future large-scale consumer adoption and contributing to the development of standards and regulations for autonomous driving [6]