Core Viewpoint - The Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) has confirmed that the new Value Added Tax (VAT) Act 2025 will come into effect on January 1, 2026, introducing significant reforms aimed at simplifying VAT management, improving efficiency, and promoting voluntary compliance [1] Group 1: Key Changes in VAT Regulations - The VAT registration threshold for goods trading businesses has been raised from 200,000 cedis to 750,000 cedis, relieving more micro and small enterprises from mandatory VAT registration [1] - The COVID-19 Health Recovery Levy has been abolished, easing the tax burden on businesses [1] - The re-linking of the National Health Insurance Levy (NHIL) and the Ghana Education Trust Fund (GETFund) taxes will allow businesses to apply for input tax credits [1] Group 2: Tax Rate Adjustments - The standard VAT rate has been reduced to 20%, aimed at alleviating the tax burden on households and businesses [1] - The unified VAT rate system has been abolished, paving the way for a more transparent VAT structure [1]

巴西媒体12月22日报道，巴西2026年度预算法案（PLOA）已于19日在国会通过，该法案规定明年 总支出额度为6.5万亿雷亚尔，其中2.645万亿用于政府经常性支出，人事和社会保障缴款4900亿，医疗 和教育4550亿，公共投资800亿（含新版"加速增长计划"520 亿）。规定最低工资增加103雷亚尔，达 1621雷亚尔。 （原标题：巴西国会批准2026年度预算法案） ...

古巴辩论网12月23日报道，古巴国家税务总局当日在《官方公报》发布三 项新法令，旨在加强和更新古巴税收制度，使其适应政府规划及当前经济形势 变化。新法令主要内容如下：一是规定所有纳税人（包括个人和法人）必须使 用纳税识别号（NIT），NIT将作为所有涉税交易的唯一标识码，这将使国家 税务总局能够更高效地获取有关收入、活动水平和税务合规情况的可靠数据。 纳税人需在180天过渡期内完成相应调整。二是加重拖欠税款惩罚力度，将滞 纳金上限提高至所欠本金的40%，将不履行缴税义务的罚款上限提高至"本金+ 滞纳金"总额的40%。此外，针对未更新纳税人登记信息等程序性违规行为， 引入分期罚款制度。三是扩大国家税务总局执法权限，允许省市级税务机关通 过关闭营业场所、吊销营业执照等手段实施惩处，以提升执法效率。 （原标题：古巴国家税务总局颁布新法令） ...

阿交通部商船和港口管理局12月11日分别致函MSC和马士基两家航运公司负责人，声 称这两家公司在阿做法违反九项阿有关规定。阿商船和港口管理局列举了两家公司的 违规做法，如柜台数量不足、客户服务和交易处理组织混乱、海关申报程序缓慢、货 物交付延误、在客户承担的费用之外收取额外费用、提单处理和送货单签发速度缓慢 以及要求商业交易只能通过银行转账支付。阿指责地中海航运（MSC）和马士基拒绝 在柜台接待企业，反而要求企业提前二至三天预约，并迫使客户"排队数小时才能办理 业务"。 （原标题：阿尔及利亚加强对两大全球航运巨头的监管） 据阿尔及利亚TSA新闻网站12月26日报道，阿尔及利亚过去十年（2012-2022年）海运 支出高达380亿美元，目前阿对两大全球航运巨头提出了整改要求。 阿商船和港口管理局要求两家公司立即采取必要措施，停止与该行业专业标准不符的 违规行为，改善客户服务条件，并确保提供符合行业标准和职业要求的优质服务。 ...

电力项目投资建设方面，2025年EVN集团及其所属单位集中力量推进重点电源和电网工程建设， 连续第二年超额完成年度投资建设计划，投资额达125.77万亿越盾，同比增长14.7%。多项电源和电网 工程投入运行，包括和平水电站扩建项目、老街-永安500千伏输电线路，及为昆岛供电的输电线路和海 底电缆工程等一批大型重要项目。宁顺核电站1号项目政府间协议谈判取得积极进展，各方正继续就前 期准备工作进行磋商，力争于2026年启动部分工程项目建设。 电网建设方面，2025年EVN及其所属单位新开工电网项目215项，投运110千伏至500千伏电网项目 260项，新建输电线路总长度约3900公里，新增变电站容量约2.7万兆伏安。截至2025年底，越南全国实 现100%乡通电，居民用电普及率达99.85%，其中农村居民用电普及率为99.77%。 其中，可再生能源电源（风电、太阳能、生物质能等）装机容量约2.44万兆瓦，占比27.9%；燃煤 火电装机容量近2.81万兆瓦，占比32.1%；水电装机容量为2.46万兆瓦，占比28.1%。 电力生产方面，全国电力系统最高负荷（Pmax）达5.43万兆瓦，同比2增长11.1%。2025年 ...

（原标题：越专家：越南的GDP预计5年内达到1万亿美元） 越南《投资报》12月31日报道，越南经济专家称，2025年越南国内生产总值（GDP）预计为5100亿 美元，比2024年增加350亿至360亿美元。假设2026年经济增长率为10%，GDP将再增加510亿美元，达 到5610亿美元。如果继续保持每年10%的增长速度，越南经济规模将在2031-2032年至少达到1万亿美 元。 专家认为，在此情况下，越南政府完全可以通过借贷来加大公共投资。2025年底，越南公共债务预 计占GDP的35%至36%左右；政府债务预计占GDP的33%至34%左右；外债预计占GDP的31%至32%。经 国民议会批准的债务上限规定，公共债务不超过GDP的60%，政府债务不超过GDP的50%，外债不超过 GDP的50%。 因此，当需要公共投资时，特别是数百亿美元的项目，只要投资有效，政府可以进行国 内和国际借贷。 ...

Group 1 - The Mauritanian President Ghazouani inaugurated several key development projects in Nouadhibou to celebrate the 65th anniversary of national independence, focusing on marine security, fish processing, industrial infrastructure, and public services [2] - The marine security project includes a comprehensive docking and support port for the Mauritanian Coast Guard, with a total investment of approximately €24 million, co-funded by the Mauritanian government and KfW, featuring a 700-meter breakwater and a 370-meter docking pier [2] - In the fishery sector, two fish processing companies commenced operations, with ATAC SEAFOODS SA investing about $25 million in a facility covering 36,000 square meters, capable of processing 500 tons daily and providing 300 direct jobs [3][2] Group 2 - The second fish processing company, RIM FISH GLOBAL, established a factory covering 3,000 square meters with a freezing capacity of 83 tons and storage capacity of 2,000 tons, creating 115 direct jobs and 150 indirect jobs [3] - The inauguration of the National Social Security Fund (CNSS) regional headquarters in Nouadhibou, with a total investment of approximately 14.7 million ouguiyas, aims to enhance the accessibility of social security services for local residents [3] - The new regional institution will provide family benefits, pension services, and work-related injury reimbursements, promoting the extension of public social security services to grassroots levels [3]

Group 1 - The unemployment rate in Chile reached 8.4% from September to November 2025, an increase of 0.2 percentage points compared to the same period last year, marking a rise after three consecutive quarters of decline [1] - The labor force grew by 1.5% during the same period, while the number of employed individuals increased by 1.2% [1] - The number of unemployed individuals rose by 4%, indicating that the number of job seekers exceeded the number of new job openings, leading to a significant slowdown in employment growth [1]

Core Insights - The core viewpoint of the article is that Vietnam's retail market is projected to reach a size of $269 billion by 2025, with a growth rate of 9%-10% in retail and consumer service revenue compared to 2024 [1] Group 1: Retail Market Growth - The retail market in Vietnam is expected to grow significantly, with a total revenue increase of 9%-10% in 2025 compared to 2024 [1] - The modern commercial infrastructure in Vietnam is expanding, with 1,293 supermarkets, 276 shopping centers, and 8,274 traditional markets established [1] Group 2: E-commerce Development - E-commerce in Vietnam is thriving, with an estimated market size of $32 billion by 2025, accounting for nearly 12% of total retail and service revenue, and a year-on-year growth exceeding 20% [1] - Vietnam ranks second in Southeast Asia for e-commerce growth, significantly outpacing the overall growth rate of retail and services [1] Group 3: Consumer Behavior and Structure - The highest proportion of consumer spending is on food and groceries, which accounts for 34.1% of total consumption [1] - The growth rate for service-related consumption, including accommodation, dining, and tourism, is projected to be between 12%-14% [1] Group 4: Future Outlook - The outlook for Vietnam from 2026 to 2030 is optimistic, with a young population of over 100 million and rapidly increasing per capita income, positioning it to become one of the largest retail markets in the region [1] - By 2030, the e-commerce market in Vietnam is expected to reach $50 billion, further solidifying its status as one of the fastest-growing e-commerce markets in Southeast Asia [1]

2025年上半年石油收入来源构成如下：附带权益和额外参与权益（CAPI）贡献1.7848亿美元，占 总收入的48%；企业所得税收入1.4875亿美元，占40%；特许权使用费收入4015万美元，约占总收入的 10.8%。石油控股基金的利息收入为210万美元，而地面租赁收入仅为86.3万美元，不到总收入的百分之 一。这一构成反映出加纳严重依赖上游生产税和利润分成，而非直接开采费。 PIAC警告称，自2018年以来，加纳未签署任何新的石油协议，这给该行业的长期生存能力带来了 结构性风险。截至2025年6月，加纳共有13项有效的石油协议，但目前仅有Jubilee、TEN和Sankofa Gye Nyame三个油田在生产。加政府已采取措施应对生产危机，确保从2026年开始进行重大上游投资，与 Tullow Oil、Kosmos Energy、PetroSA和GNPC签署的谅解备忘录将Jubilee和TEN油田的生产许可证延长 至2040年。 （原标题：加纳石油收入骤降） 据"加纳新闻"网12月29日报道，2025年上半年，加纳的石油收入暴跌56%，该国面临产量下降和全 球油价下跌的双重打击，威胁到财政稳定。加公共利益与 ...