撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 衰老 与男性生殖内分泌功能的衰退密切相关，其表现为雄激素 睾酮 （ Testosterone ） 生成不足。众所周知，干细胞库 （ stem cell pool ） 的稳定性对于维持 组织功能至关重要。然而，衰老与 间质干细胞 （ stem Leydig cell， SLC） 库的稳态之间的关系，目前仍不清楚。 近日， 中山大学附属第七医院 汪建成 研究员团队 联合 中山大学干细胞与组织工程教育部重点实验室 项鹏 教授，在 Cell 子刊 Cell Reports 上发表了 题为： High matrix stiffness triggers testosterone decline in aging males by disrupting stem Leydig cell pool homeostasis 的研究论文。 该研究表明，高细胞外基质 （ECM） 硬度，通过破坏 间质干细胞 （SLC） 库的稳态，触发衰老雄性的睾酮下降，进而提出了 恢复雄性睾酮水平的有效策略。 睾酮 （ Testosterone ） 作为人体内重要的性激素，在维持男性生殖功能、肌肉质量、骨密 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the urgent need for global carbon dioxide reduction and enhancing ecosystems' carbon absorption capabilities, highlighting afforestation as a cost-effective natural climate solution [4]. Group 1: Research Findings - A study published in the journal Science quantifies the carbon sequestration potential of soil during global forest restoration, integrating ecological, climatic, and policy factors to redefine afforestation's role in climate change mitigation [4][6]. - The research developed a machine learning model to quantify soil carbon changes post-afforestation, revealing a coexistence of carbon increase and loss primarily in surface soil (0-30 cm) [6]. - If afforestation is limited to areas that avoid unintended warming effects and ensure water resources and biodiversity, approximately 389 million hectares could sequester 39.9 Pg of carbon by 2050, significantly lower than previous estimates [6]. Group 2: Policy Implications - If land is further restricted to existing policy commitments (120 million hectares), the carbon sequestration potential drops to 12.5 Pg [6]. - The study suggests that to achieve larger-scale climate mitigation, there is an urgent need to expand dedicated afforestation areas and enhance commitments from countries with significant undeveloped potential [6][8]. - The findings provide actionable insights for optimizing land use policies and afforestation strategies to maximize climate benefits [8].

染色体外 DNA （ecDNA） 与 肿瘤 之间的关联已被充分证实，其在不同癌症中的作用愈发引人关注。然 而，尽管 ecDNA 被认为源于基因组不稳定性，但驱动 ecDNA 形成过程中 DNA 末端连接的分子机制，以 及控制其选择性基因包装的调控因素仍待阐明。 2025 年 8 月 21 日，南开大学药学院 孙涛 教授、 张恒 博士及 天津医科大学肿瘤医院 黄鼎智 医生等， 在 Cell 子刊 Molecular Cell 上发表了题为： Extrachromosomal DNA biogenesis is dependent on DNA looping and religation by YY1-Lig3-PARylation complex 的研究论文，该论文被选为当期封面论文。 该研究表明， 染色体外 DNA （ecDNA） 的生物发生依赖于由 YY1-Lig3-PARylation 复合物介导的 DNA 环化和重新连接，从而提出了 补充现有理论的 ecDNA 生物发生新模型。 撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 期刊封面：在一片生机勃勃的森林中潜藏着隐秘的危险——象征着 YY1-Lig3-PAR ...

Core Insights - Zhejiang University published three papers in the prestigious journal Nature on August 27, 2025, highlighting significant advancements in microbial sulfur cycling, electrically driven perovskite lasers, and topological edge states in superconducting chips [3][4][6][8][10]. Group 1: Microbial Sulfur Cycling - The research led by Chen Songcan revealed a previously unrecognized metabolic process where sulfide oxidation is coupled with the reduction of trivalent iron oxides, traditionally thought to be dominated by abiotic processes [6]. - A comprehensive analysis of prokaryotic sulfur metabolism genomes identified bacterial groups capable of utilizing extracellular solid trivalent iron as an electron acceptor for sulfide oxidation [6]. - The study demonstrated that the model strain Desulfurivibrio alkaliphilus can grow autotrophically using ferrihydrite as an electron acceptor, with reaction rates significantly faster than abiotic processes under relevant environmental sulfide concentrations [6]. Group 2: Electrically Driven Perovskite Lasers - The team led by David Di and Zhao Baodan developed the world's first electrically driven perovskite laser, integrating low-threshold single-crystal perovskite microcavity units with high-power microcavity perovskite light-emitting diode (PeLED) units [8][9]. - The dual-cavity perovskite device achieved a minimum lasing threshold of 92 A·cm⁻², significantly lower than the best-performing organic lasers, with an average threshold of 129 A·cm⁻² under specific testing conditions [9]. - The device demonstrated a working half-life (T₅₀) of 1.8 hours and a coupling efficiency of approximately 82.7%, indicating its potential for rapid modulation in data communication and computing applications [9]. Group 3: Topological Edge States in Superconducting Chips - The research by Wang Haohua and colleagues reported the observation of a new type of topological edge mode in a programmable superconducting qubit array, characterized by stability due to emergent symmetry protection [10][12]. - The study found robust long-lived topological edge modes lasting up to 30 cycles, achieved through the "dimerization" of stabilizer interaction, which effectively suppresses interactions between edge modes and bulk excitations [12]. - The research established a feasible digital simulation path for studying topological phases at finite temperatures and provided potential schemes for constructing long-lived, robust boundary qubits in defect-free systems [12].

Core Viewpoint - The study highlights the role of C19orf12 as a mitochondrial metabolic regulator in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), indicating that elevated expression levels may serve as a biomarker for improved response to metformin treatment [10]. Group 1: Research Findings - C19orf12 is highly expressed in NSCLC and is associated with poor prognosis [7]. - C19orf12 regulates mitochondrial function and drives glucose metabolic reprogramming [7]. - C19orf12 interacts with LRPPRC protein, downregulating the expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain complexes I and IV [7]. - High levels of C19orf12 inhibit mitochondrial respiration and reduce glucose flux through the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle [5][6]. Group 2: Implications for Treatment - C19orf12 enhances the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to the antitumor effects of metformin [6]. - The study suggests that C19orf12 expression levels could predict the response to metformin treatment in NSCLC patients [10].

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 胰腺癌 是一种高度致命的恶性肿瘤，总体 5 年生存率不足 10%。手术干预是胰腺癌唯一可能治愈的治疗方法，但其预后仍然不佳。此外，只有不到 20%的患者 适合进行手术切除。因此，化疗 （例如辅助化疗、新辅助化疗或全身化疗） 在胰腺癌治疗中发挥着越来越重要的作用。 作用于细胞核的化疗药物，是治疗 胰腺癌 的高效药物，但免疫清除作用以及癌细胞的核孔尺寸较小，这两大障碍显著降低了这些药物或其纳米制剂的递送效率。 2025 年 8 月 22 日， 东南大学 梁高林 教授团队在 Cell 子刊 Cell Biomaterials 上发表了题为： Intracellular nanofiber formation triggers nuclear fragmentation to enhance chemotherapeutic effect of camptothecin 的研究论文。 该研究开发了一种 药物-多肽偶联物 递送系统，该系统利用胰腺癌中过表达的酶来触发细胞内纳米纤维的自组装，这些纳米纤维破坏了细胞核的完整性，使化疗 药物药物 喜树碱 （CPT） 积累量显著增加，同时 ...

Core Viewpoint - The upcoming sixth generation (6G) wireless networks will operate across a wide frequency range, requiring a universal hardware solution capable of adaptive reconstruction to achieve full-band coverage and dynamic spectrum management [3][4]. Group 1: Research Breakthrough - The concept of a "universal optoelectronic integrated wireless transceiver engine" has been proposed, leading to the successful development of an ultra-broadband optoelectronic integrated chip that overcomes fundamental challenges related to bandwidth, noise performance, and reconfigurability [4]. - This milestone breakthrough is expected to clear key obstacles for the efficient development of terahertz and higher frequency spectrum resources for 6G communication, potentially reshaping the wireless communication landscape and driving significant advancements in the industry [4]. Group 2: Future Network Requirements - Future 6G networks are anticipated to adaptively utilize full spectrum resources to meet the growing demand for ubiquitous information access, supporting diverse application scenarios such as extended reality (XR) and remote surgery [5]. - The system must possess real-time spectrum reconfigurability to ensure efficient spectrum utilization and reliable access in complex spectrum environments, often referred to as intelligent radio [5]. Group 3: Technical Implementation - The research team demonstrated adaptive wireless communication across an unprecedented frequency range exceeding 100 GHz (0.5 GHz to 115 GHz) using a thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN) photonic wireless system [5][6]. - Key functional units, including baseband modulation, broadband wireless-photon conversion, and reconfigurable carrier and local oscillator signal generation, have been integrated on-chip, showcasing high-frequency stability and coherence [6]. - The system achieved a record transmission rate of 100 Gbps over nine continuous frequency bands, marking a significant step towards realizing a full-spectrum, all-scenario wireless network [6].

Group 1: Human Monoclonal Antibodies Against Monkeypox Virus - A study published in Cell identified two human monoclonal antibodies (mAb 975 and mAb 981) that provide potential protection against the monkeypox virus in mice and macaques [5][7] - The research revealed high-resolution structures of the antibody-antigen complex, providing insights into the molecular mechanism of how these antibodies recognize the monkeypox virus [7] - This study offers a conceptual validation for the use of these monoclonal antibodies as therapeutic candidates and may inform future vaccine design [7] Group 2: High-Resolution Microbial and Antibiotic Resistance Gene Mapping - A study from Fudan University characterized a high-resolution map of mammalian microbiomes and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), identifying over 7,000 previously unreported bacterial species [9][11] - The research found that bacterial strains are widely shared across different hosts and geographic regions, indicating potential cross-host transmission [11] - A total of 521 ARGs were detected, with 157 being highly homologous between human and mammalian microbiomes, highlighting the prevalence of certain ARGs in mammalian microbiomes [11] Group 3: Mechanisms of Nociceptor Resilience to Excitotoxicity - A study from UCSF discovered that reduced expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain components enhances nociceptor resilience to excitotoxicity and oxidative stress [14][17] - The findings suggest that nociceptors actively lower mitochondrial activity to survive harmful stimuli, which has implications for understanding neuropathological consequences in conditions like diabetes and chemotherapy [17][18] Group 4: Localized Mitochondrial Translation - MIT researchers developed a tool called LOCL-TL to monitor localized translation in mammalian cells, revealing two distinct mechanisms of translation on the mitochondrial outer membrane [20][24] - This tool is expected to facilitate research on localized translation's role in various biological processes and its implications in diseases such as cancer and neurological disorders [24] Group 5: Hepatocyte Metabolic Adaptations During Pregnancy and Lactation - A study from Peking University described adaptive changes in mouse hepatocytes during pregnancy and lactation, identifying a "pregnancy clock" that regulates metabolic changes [26][29] - The research highlighted the importance of specific proteins in maintaining liver adaptability during pregnancy and lactation, with potential implications for maternal-fetal health and livestock management [29] Group 6: New Spatial Transcriptomics Technology - Stereo-seq V2 - A new spatial transcriptomics technology, Stereo-seq V2, was introduced, enabling high-resolution, in situ analysis of host-microbe interactions in FFPE samples [32][35] - This technology overcomes limitations of traditional methods, allowing for comprehensive analysis of cellular gene expression and interactions with pathogens [35]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the advancements in Allo CAR-NKT cell therapy as a promising treatment for renal and ovarian cancers, highlighting its potential to overcome limitations of traditional CAR-T therapies [2][3]. Group 1: Allo CAR-NKT Cells in Renal Cancer - Allo CAR-NKT cells, targeting CD70, show strong cytotoxicity against both primary and metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) [8]. - The study indicates that these cells can effectively target the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and eliminate CD70+ host alloreactive T cells, enhancing treatment durability [10]. - The research supports the potential of Allo CAR-NKT cells as a next-generation off-the-shelf immunotherapy for metastatic RCC [10]. Group 2: Allo CAR-NKT Cells in Ovarian Cancer - Allo CAR-NKT cells demonstrate unique efficacy and safety advantages in treating ovarian cancer, addressing challenges such as tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion [15][16]. - The engineered Allo15 M CAR-NKT cells exhibit superior anti-ovarian cancer effects compared to traditional CAR-T cells, with mechanisms targeting both tumor cells and the TME [15]. - These cells have a lower incidence of cytokine release syndrome and do not induce graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), making them a safer option for patients [15][16].

Core Viewpoint - The research led by Nobel laureate David Julius reveals that the TRPV1 nociceptors possess a low expression level of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) components, which enhances their resilience to excitotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by harmful stimuli like capsaicin and high temperatures [3][4][11]. Group 1: Research Findings - TRPV1 nociceptors can withstand excitotoxicity induced by capsaicin due to their unique mitochondrial activity, which reduces calcium overload and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production [5][6][10]. - The study identified two pathways through which nociceptors resist excitotoxicity: one reduces calcium overload by lowering ETC activity, and the other decreases ROS production to avoid oxidative stress [6][7]. - The research highlights that the low expression of ETC components in nociceptors is a protective strategy, allowing them to survive in the presence of harmful stimuli [4][9]. Group 2: Broader Implications - This protective mechanism is not limited to capsaicin but also extends to various excitotoxic injuries, including those caused by bacterial toxins and metabolic diseases like diabetic neuropathy [10][11]. - The findings suggest that modulation of aerobic respiration could help nociceptors reduce damage from excitotoxicity, which has significant implications for understanding neuropathological consequences in conditions like diabetes and chemotherapy [13].