撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 FSTL1 是一种调节外周组织能量代谢的信号分子，也在大脑中表达。然而，下丘脑 FSTL1 是否调节碳水化合物/脂质代谢和能量平衡尚不清楚。 卵泡抑素样蛋白-1 （FSTL1） 是一种参与炎症和组织稳态的分泌因子，最近还被发现与代谢疾病有关。在代谢应激或运动条件下，血清 FSTL1 被认为主要来源 于骨骼肌和脂肪组织。已有报道显示，2 型糖尿病患者的血清 FSTL1 水平升高。 有趣的是，虽然 FSTL1 水平在轻度肥胖时似乎会增加，但在重度肥胖时则会降低。这种模式表明，FSTL1 可能在调节胰岛素抵抗和肥胖方面发挥潜在作用。然 而，FSTL1 是否以及如何在肥胖发展中发挥作用，目前仍不清楚。 2025 年 10 月 21 日，重庆医科大学 杨梦柳 副研究员、 李伶 教授、 杨刚毅 教授及 陆军军医大学第一附属医院（西南医院） 李旻典 教授等，在 Cell 子刊 Neuron 上发表了题为： Reversal of diet-induced obesity by central insulin sensitizer FSTL1 的研究论文。 这项研究表明，下丘脑 FST ...

Core Viewpoint - Recent breakthroughs in xenotransplantation using genetically edited pig organs have sparked global interest in addressing the shortage of human organ transplants [2][3][4]. Group 1: Milestones in Xenotransplantation - In October 2021, NYU Langone Medical Center performed the first successful transplant of a genetically edited pig kidney into a brain-dead woman [2]. - In January 2022, the University of Maryland conducted the first live transplant of a genetically edited pig heart, with the patient surviving for approximately two months [2]. - On March 27, 2025, Chinese scientists published the first case of a genetically edited pig liver transplant into a brain-dead human, with the liver functioning for 10 days without rejection [3]. - On October 8, 2025, the first live transplant of a genetically edited pig liver was successfully performed, with the patient surviving for 171 days, setting a new record [4][5]. Group 2: Technical Aspects of the Research - The genetically edited pig liver used in the transplant underwent rigorous pathogen screening and was modified at 10 genetic sites to prevent rejection [5]. - Key genes were knocked out to prevent acute rejection, while human genes were introduced to enhance immune compatibility [5]. - The patient had a significant liver tumor and was initially deemed unsuitable for surgical removal, making the pig liver a critical transitional therapy [5]. Group 3: Post-Transplant Outcomes - In the first 31 days post-transplant, the patient did not experience acute rejection or severe complications, and liver and kidney functions remained stable [6]. - However, on day 38, the patient developed thrombotic microangiopathy (xTMA), leading to the removal of the pig liver [6]. - Despite successful management of xTMA, the patient ultimately passed away on day 171 due to recurrent upper gastrointestinal bleeding [6][9]. Group 4: Implications for Future Research - The study demonstrates the feasibility of using pig livers as transitional support for patients with unresectable liver cancer or liver failure [9]. - It highlights the need for further research to improve outcomes in xenotransplantation, particularly regarding xTMA [6][9].

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 2025 年 10 月 19 日，国际顶尖医学期刊 《 柳叶刀 》发表了一项 中国原创抗癌新药 的 3 期 临床试验结 果。 这项由中山大学肿瘤防治中心牵头、全国 55 家医院共同完成的 3 期临床试验显示，新型 双特异性抗体偶 联药物 （bispecific ADC）—— 伦康依隆妥单抗 （izalontamab brengitecan，iza-bren） 在经多线治疗 失败的 晚期鼻咽癌 患者中，疗效显著优于标准化疗。 中山大学肿瘤防治中心 张力 教授为论文通讯作者，中山大学肿瘤防治中心 杨云鹏 主任医师、 周华强 副 主任医师、 唐林泉 主任医师、福建省肿瘤医院 邱素芳 教授、湖南省肿瘤医院 韩亚骞 教授为论文共同第 一作者。 治疗困境：晚期鼻咽癌亟需新方案 鼻咽癌 是一种具有明显地域特征的恶性肿瘤，中国尤其是华南地区高发。2022 年全球数据显示，每年新 增病例约 12 万例，死亡约 7.3 万例。 对于经过多线治疗失败的晚期鼻咽癌患者，现有治疗方案效果有限，预后极差，急需新的治疗选择。 作用机制：双特异性 ADC 的精准杀伤原理 伦康依隆妥单抗 （izalon ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 在小鼠中，抑制性组蛋白标记 H3K27me3 在亲代到胚胎的转变过程中会发生区域特异性的遗传和擦除，但其潜在机制尚不清楚。 2025 年 10 月 20 日， 清华大学生命学院 颉伟 团队 （ 曾埶 天、 孔凤 为论文共同第一作者 ） 在 Cell Stem Cell 期刊 发表了题为； EZHIP restricts noncanonical PRC2 binding and regulates H3K27me3 intergenerational inheritance and reprogramming 的研究论文 该研究在小鼠早期胚胎中鉴定出 EZH 抑制蛋白 （ EZH inhibitory protein， EZHIP） 是一个关键的表观遗传重编程因子，它控制了代际间 H3K27me3 修饰的多 层次 重编程，包括全基因组范围内 H3K27me3 修饰的擦除与重建，以及非经典印记表观记忆的传递。 这些数据揭示了表观遗传记忆丧失和抑制的表观遗传原则—— 异染色质标记 （例如 H3K27me3） 的剂量平衡对维持表观记忆至关重要，无论是标记不足还是过 量，都会通 ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 生育经历 与 母乳喂养 与长期患乳腺癌的风险降低有关。生育被认为通过重塑 怀孕-哺乳-乳腺复旧 （断奶后乳腺恢复的过程） 期间 发生的乳腺上皮细胞分化和 生长通路来发挥保护作用，从而随时间的推移降低恶性转化的易感性。生育与激素受体阳性乳腺癌风险降低有关，而哺乳似乎更特异性地降低了三阴性乳腺癌 （TNBC） 的风险。但这种关联的细胞和分子机制尚不清楚。 2025 年 10 月 20 日，墨尔本大学的研究人员在国际顶尖学术期刊 Nature 上发表了题为： Parity and lactation induce T cell mediated breast cancer protection 的研究论文。 这项研究解开了 困扰医学界数十年的谜团—— 为什么经历过生育和哺乳的女性，乳腺癌风险会更低？ 这项研究证实了， 生育 和 哺乳 会重塑乳腺免疫、促进 乳腺组织中 CD8⁺ T 细胞的长期驻留与功能激活，形成抗肿瘤免疫屏障，从而降低 乳腺癌 （尤其是三阴 性乳腺癌） 发病风险， 这一发现为乳腺癌的预防与治疗提打开了新思路。 乳腺里的"卫兵"—— CD8⁺ T 细胞 我们的身 ...

Core Viewpoint - The research indicates that moderate long-term warming alters soil carbon cycling in subtropical forests but maintains carbon sink functionality, showing a two-phase response in soil organic carbon levels [4][5]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study, conducted over nine years, reveals that soil organic carbon (SOC) initially decreases due to the loss of organic carbon bound to minerals in the surface soil during the first four years, followed by an increase in SOC from years six to nine due to enhanced plant carbon input and microbial adaptation to temperature changes [5][7]. - The research suggests that some subtropical forests may continue to accumulate SOC under moderate global warming, although the accumulation patterns of different SOC components vary significantly across soil layers [7]. Group 2: Importance of the Study - Understanding the fate of SOC in tropical and subtropical forests under future warming scenarios is crucial for predicting climate feedback and guiding effective forest management strategies [5]. - The study emphasizes the need for further exploration of plant-soil interactions under warming conditions to better predict SOC responses and develop forest-based strategies for mitigating global climate change [7].

Core Insights - The article discusses the development of LabOS, an AI-XR Co-Scientist platform that integrates artificial intelligence with extended reality technology to enhance scientific research collaboration between AI and human scientists [3][6][29] Group 1: LabOS Overview - LabOS is the first AI Co-Scientist that combines computational reasoning with real-world experiments, utilizing multimodal perception and XR-supported human-machine collaboration [6][9] - The platform consists of four types of AI agents: planning agents, development agents, critique agents, and tool creation agents, enabling a complete research workflow from hypothesis generation to data analysis [9][12] Group 2: Functionality and Applications - LabOS allows AI to "see" what human scientists see, providing real-time assistance during experiments, which transforms laboratories into intelligent collaborative spaces [7][27] - The platform has demonstrated its capabilities in three biomedical scenarios: cancer immunotherapy target discovery, cell fusion mechanism research, and guidance in stem cell engineering [21][23][25] Group 3: Technological Innovations - LabOS incorporates LabSuperVision (LSV) for visual understanding of laboratory environments, achieving over 90% accuracy in error detection during experiments [14][18] - The use of XR glasses facilitates seamless interaction between human scientists and AI, allowing for real-time video transmission and structured guidance [17][20] Group 4: Future Implications - The emergence of LabOS signifies a new era of human-AI collaboration in laboratories, enhancing the speed of discovery and the reproducibility of research [29] - As AI and XR technologies continue to evolve, LabOS is expected to become a standard tool in laboratories, fostering a co-evolution of human intuition and machine learning [29]

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 斑块内巨噬细胞促炎/抗炎表型的动态稳定性的破坏，显著影响慢性血管炎症，并加剧 动脉粥样硬化 。将巨噬细胞从促炎表型 （M1 型） 重编程为抗炎表型 （M2 型） 可减缓动脉粥样硬化 的发展。然而，慢性炎症刺激会使动脉粥样硬化巨噬细胞处于染色质闭合状态，抑制其表型重编程。 2025 年 10 月 14 日，四川大学 刘肖珩 团队在 Nature 子刊 Nature Communications 上发表了 题为： Reprogramming mitochondrial metabolism and epigenetics of macrophages via miR-10a liposomes for atherosclerosis therapy 的研究论文。 该研究通过 miR-10a 脂质体 重编程巨噬细胞的线粒体代谢和表观遗传学，用来治疗动脉粥样硬 化。 之前的研究表明，脂多糖无法诱导组蛋白去乙酰化酶-3 （HDAC3） 缺陷型巨噬细胞出现炎症表 型，而且 HDAC3 的缺失会导致巨噬细胞向抗炎表型倾斜。因此，基于巨噬细胞表型重编程治疗动脉粥样硬化目前 效果不佳的原 ...

Core Viewpoint - Mitochondrial medicine is emerging as a key force in reshaping future health landscapes, driven by the global aging trend and the increasing burden of chronic diseases, focusing on enhancing "health span" rather than just "life span" [4][16]. Group 1: Definition and Importance of Mitochondrial Medicine - Mitochondria are defined as the "powerhouses" of cells, responsible for producing approximately 95% of cellular energy and involved in various critical biological processes [5]. - Mitochondrial medicine is an interdisciplinary field that aims to provide new strategies for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases by understanding mitochondrial functions and their role in disease progression [6]. Group 2: Global Aging Trends and Market Demand - The global population aged 65 and older is projected to reach 820 million by 2024 and 990 million by 2030, with China's elderly population expected to grow from 220 million in 2024 to 270 million by 2030 [11]. - The shift in health perspectives from merely prolonging life to maintaining quality of life is driving the demand for mitochondrial medicine, which targets early assessment and precise interventions for healthy aging [16][19]. Group 3: Technological Advances in Mitochondrial Medicine - Key technological breakthroughs in mitochondrial medicine include mitochondrial separation and purification, genetic testing, multi-omics technologies, biomarker detection, gene therapy, and cell therapy [9][10]. - The development of various methods for mitochondrial separation and purification supports research into mitochondrial function and disease diagnosis [10]. Group 4: Disease Burden and Mitochondrial Dysfunction - Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with multiple diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, metabolic disorders, and reproductive system diseases [20]. - The role of NAD⁺ in regulating metabolism and maintaining mitochondrial function highlights its potential in treating cardiovascular diseases and other conditions [22]. Group 5: Policy Support and Industry Development - The Chinese government emphasizes addressing population aging as a national strategy, with policies supporting the development of the silver economy and encouraging the application of genetic technology and regenerative medicine in anti-aging [18]. - Research funding for mitochondrial studies has seen significant growth, indicating its central role in life sciences and medical research [19][21]. Group 6: Market Potential and Future Trends - The mitochondrial medicine market is expected to exceed 100 billion RMB in the serious medical field by 2035, driven by the increasing prevalence of mitochondrial-related diseases [66]. - The health consumption market for mitochondrial medicine is projected to surpass 200 billion RMB by 2035, reflecting the growing consumer demand for health and anti-aging solutions [67]. Group 7: Industry Ecosystem and Key Players - The mitochondrial medicine industry ecosystem encompasses a closed loop of "testing - intervention/treatment - re-testing," facilitating precise diagnosis and personalized treatment [35]. - Key players in the mitochondrial medicine field include companies like Jinfiniti, Niagen Bioscience, and Stealth Biotherapeutics, which focus on innovative therapies and products targeting mitochondrial health [49][50][51].

Core Viewpoint - The study identifies CRATER (Cancer regions of antigen presentation and T cell engagement and retention) as critical areas on tumor surfaces that facilitate CD8+ T cell engagement, which is essential for the success of immunotherapy [4][10][11]. Group 1: Key Findings - CRATER regions are described as "hotspots" where CD8+ T cells interact with tumor cells, significantly enhancing immune response [8][10]. - The research utilized live imaging techniques in zebrafish to observe that CD8+ T cells gather in specific depressed areas at the edges of melanoma, indicating targeted engagement rather than random movement [9][10]. - CRATER regions are characterized by a diameter of approximately 20-50 micrometers and are rich in antigen-presenting molecules, which are crucial for T cell activation [11][14]. Group 2: Mechanism of Action - CRATER is an active platform that enhances anti-tumor immune responses, with tumor cells expressing higher levels of antigen-presenting molecules (e.g., MHC-I) within these regions [14]. - The expansion of CRATER during immune stimulation correlates with increased accumulation of activated CD8+ T cells, marking it as a primary site for tumor cell apoptosis [14]. Group 3: Clinical Implications - The density of CRATER regions in melanoma patients correlates with the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy, suggesting its potential as a predictive biomarker [16]. - Patients who responded to treatment exhibited significantly higher CRATER density in post-operative biopsy samples compared to non-responders [16]. Group 4: Future Directions - The presence of CRATER has been observed in non-small cell lung cancer, indicating its potential relevance across various solid tumors [18]. - The findings may lead to the development of personalized treatment strategies, where CRATER density could guide predictions of patient responses to immunotherapy [18].