Core Viewpoint - The recent trading activities of renowned fund manager Feng Liu reveal significant adjustments in holdings, particularly in Angel Yeast and Dongcheng Pharmaceutical, indicating a strategic shift among institutional investors during the semi-annual report disclosure period [1][2][5]. Group 1: Angel Yeast (600298) - Angel Yeast reported a revenue of approximately 7.899 billion yuan for the first half of the year, reflecting a year-on-year growth of 10.1%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of about 799 million yuan, up 15.66% [3][4]. - Feng Liu's Gao Yi Lin Shan No. 1 Fund increased its stake in Angel Yeast by 3.5 million shares in Q2, bringing the total holdings to 35 million shares, valued at over 1.2 billion yuan [2][3]. - The company has shown signs of fundamental recovery, with domestic business growth in Q2 and sustained high growth in overseas markets, while its valuation remains at a historically low level [4]. Group 2: Dongcheng Pharmaceutical - In contrast to the increase in Angel Yeast, Feng Liu's fund reduced its holdings in Dongcheng Pharmaceutical by 4 million shares in Q2, bringing the total to 17.5 million shares [5][6]. - Dongcheng Pharmaceutical's market capitalization is approximately 14.925 billion yuan, with a share price of 18.10 yuan [6]. Group 3: Institutional Investment Trends - The semi-annual report period is often a window for institutional investors to adjust their portfolios, with a focus on sectors like traditional consumption, non-bank financials, innovative pharmaceuticals, and technology stocks [1][4]. - Data shows that 12 major private equity firms have disclosed holdings in 18 A-share listed companies, with a total market value of 18.785 billion yuan, indicating a trend towards increasing positions in the pharmaceutical and technology sectors [7].

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" (maintained) [1] Core Views - The company reported significant growth in non-recurring profit, with a positive trend in the domestic market [1] - The company achieved a total revenue of 7.899 billion and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 799 million in the first half of 2025, representing a year-on-year growth of 10.10% and 15.66% respectively [7] - The second quarter of 2025 saw revenue and net profit of 4.105 billion and 429 million respectively, with year-on-year increases of 11.19% and 15.35% [7] - The company’s gross margin improved to 26.19% in Q2 2025, up by 2.27 percentage points year-on-year [7] - The domestic market is showing positive trends, with the company’s organizational adjustments expected to yield benefits [7] - The company’s net profit forecast for 2025-2027 is 1.559 billion, 1.869 billion, and 2.134 billion respectively, with growth rates of 17.74%, 19.82%, and 14.23% [7] Financial Summary - Total revenue forecast for 2023A is 13.585 billion, with a year-on-year growth of 5.78% [1] - The projected earnings per share (EPS) for 2025E is 1.80 yuan, with a price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio of 19.83 [1] - The company’s total assets are projected to reach 23.803 billion by 2025E, with a debt-to-asset ratio of 47.78% [8] - The operating cash flow for 2025E is expected to be 2.387 billion [8]

Core Insights - Anqi Yeast, the world's second-largest yeast company, reported a revenue of approximately 7.899 billion yuan for the first half of 2025, representing a year-on-year growth of 10.1%, and a net profit of about 799 million yuan, up 15.66% year-on-year [1][2] - The company's stock surged by 6.79% on August 15, closing at 38.04 yuan per share, with a total market capitalization of approximately 33.024 billion yuan [1] - The growth in performance is attributed to effective channel and customer development, the introduction of new products and businesses, rapid growth in international operations, and an increase in brand value [2] Financial Performance - For the first half of 2025, Anqi Yeast achieved a net cash flow from operating activities of approximately 262 million yuan, a significant increase of 394.68% year-on-year [1][2] - As of June 30, 2025, the company's net assets were approximately 11.244 billion yuan, a growth of 3.84% from the end of the previous year, while total assets reached about 22.457 billion yuan, up 3.33% [2] Market Position and Product Range - Anqi Yeast specializes in the production and sale of various yeast products, including bread yeast, Chinese noodle yeast, and bio-feed additives, with a total production capacity exceeding 450,000 tons [2] - The company holds a 55% market share in the domestic market and over 20% globally, making it the second-largest yeast producer worldwide [2][3] International Expansion - Anqi Yeast's international revenue for the first half of 2025 was approximately 3.462 billion yuan, indicating strong growth in overseas markets [4] - The company is focusing on expanding its presence in underdeveloped markets, where it has a low market share, presenting significant growth potential [5][6] - The gross margin for overseas business was reported at 29.69%, compared to 19.87% for domestic operations, highlighting the profitability of international markets [5] Strategic Initiatives - The company plans to optimize production and sales scheduling to ensure order fulfillment and enhance its overseas business through targeted marketing strategies [5] - Anqi Yeast is also pursuing a strategy of localizing its operations in foreign markets by building local sales teams and leveraging local resources [6]

Core Insights - Angel Yeast, the world's second-largest yeast company, reported a revenue of approximately 7.899 billion yuan for the first half of 2025, representing a year-on-year growth of 10.1%, and a net profit of approximately 799 million yuan, up 15.66% year-on-year [1][3] - The company's stock surged by 6.79% on August 15, closing at 38.04 yuan per share, with a total market capitalization of approximately 33.024 billion yuan [1] - The growth in performance is attributed to significant improvements in channel and customer development, the active promotion of new products and businesses, rapid growth in international operations, and an increase in brand value [3] Financial Performance - For the first half of 2025, Angel Yeast's operating income was approximately 78.99 billion yuan, with a net profit of about 7.99 billion yuan [1][2] - The net cash flow from operating activities increased by 394.68% to approximately 262 million yuan [1][3] - As of June 30, 2025, the company's net assets attributable to shareholders were approximately 11.244 billion yuan, a 3.84% increase from the end of the previous year [3] Market Segmentation - Domestic revenue for the first half of 2025 was approximately 4.404 billion yuan, while international revenue was about 3.462 billion yuan [2][6] - The company has a domestic market share of 55% and a global market share exceeding 20% in yeast products, making it the second-largest in the world [3][5] - Angel Yeast exports to over 170 countries and regions, indicating a strong international presence [3] Strategic Focus - The company is focusing on expanding its overseas market presence, as it has a relatively low market share in many regions, presenting significant growth potential [4][6] - The gross profit margin for overseas business was 29.69%, compared to 19.87% for domestic operations, highlighting the profitability of international markets [7] - Angel Yeast plans to optimize its production and sales scheduling to ensure order fulfillment and enhance its marketing efforts in key markets [6][7] Future Developments - In July 2025, Angel Yeast announced plans to acquire a 55% stake in Hulunbuir Shengtong Sugar Technology Co., aiming to enhance its sugar segment and downstream business development [3]

Report Industry Investment Ratings - Automobile Industry: Maintain "Overweight" rating for Geely Automobile [44] - Logistics and Warehousing Industry: Maintain "Overweight" rating for the express delivery sector, continue to be optimistic about the opportunity for earnings and valuation repair of express delivery companies [22] - Real Estate Industry: Maintain "Overweight" rating, expecting further adjustments to housing provident fund policies [32] - Yeast Industry: Maintain "Overweight" rating for Angel Yeast [35] - Industrial Automation Industry: Maintain "Overweight" rating for Yiheda [40] - Online Music Industry: Maintain "Overweight" rating for NetEase Cloud Music [54] - Steel Industry: Maintain "Overweight" rating for Shougang Co., Ltd. [58] - Internet Industry: Maintain "Overweight" rating for Tencent Holdings [63] - Software Industry: Maintain "Overweight" rating for Kingdee International [67] - Luggage Industry: Maintain "Overweight" rating for Samsonite [73] - Motorcycle Industry: Maintain "Overweight" rating for CF Motopower, and raise the target price [77] Core Views - **Macro Economy**: In July 2025, there was a divergence between money and credit. The growth rate of social financing stock increased, but loan growth turned negative. The growth rates of M2 and M1 both rebounded. The divergence was mainly due to the need to boost effective demand and the weakening of the scale complex of financial institutions. The government played an important role in credit expansion, and private sector asset - liability sheet repair influenced money - related phenomena [2][3][4] - **Hong Kong Stock Market**: The correlation between Hong Kong stocks and A - shares has been increasing, and the dependence on overseas liquidity has been weakening. The fundamentals of Hong Kong stocks are more closely related to the Chinese mainland. These changes may reflect new changes in the investment environment of Hong Kong stocks [6][7][8] - **Robot Industry**: The humanoid robot industry is driven by both "technology deepening" and "scenario implementation". Figure 02 has achieved breakthroughs in folding clothes and has innovative designs in dexterous hands, indicating the penetration from industrial to household scenarios [10][12][14] - **Solar Energy Industry**: The prices of the solar energy industry chain have stabilized, and the supply - demand situation is expected to improve. Some companies plan to cut production in September, which will support prices, and the photovoltaic sector has continuous layout opportunities [16] - **Logistics and Warehousing Industry**: The "anti - involution" in the express delivery industry in 2021 - 2022 drove the double repair of performance and valuation. In 2025, the "anti - involution" intensity exceeded expectations, alleviating short - term competition pressure and ensuring long - term healthy competition [20][21] - **Real Estate Industry**: The housing provident fund system has played an important role in stabilizing the real estate market. Optimizing provident fund policies can potentially boost housing consumption, especially in second - and third - tier cities. There is still room for further adjustment of provident fund policies [30][31][32] - **Yeast Industry**: Angel Yeast's performance has continued to improve in 2025. Domestic sales have recovered, and overseas markets have maintained rapid growth. The company's internal structure adjustment has had a weakening impact, and cost and price factors have driven profit improvement [37][38] - **Industrial Automation Industry**: Yiheda's performance has accelerated growth, with significant improvement in gross profit margin, mainly driven by the lithium - battery and automotive sectors. The company is accelerating its global layout and improving its one - stop procurement platform capabilities [40][41][43] - **Automobile Industry**: Geely Automobile's operating performance in the first half of 2025 increased significantly, with a significant increase in sales volume. The company has a reasonable brand structure, and with the implementation of the "Smart Geely 2025" strategy, revenue and net profit are expected to continue to grow [44] - **Liquor and Beer Industry**: Zhenjiu Liudu's report has cleared risks, and the company is actively promoting new products. The new products are expected to drive the company's growth rate to improve quarter - on - quarter, taking advantage of the low - base effect in the second half of 2025 [50][51][52] - **Online Music Industry**: NetEase Cloud Music's membership subscription business has grown steadily, and it has significantly reduced promotion and advertising expenses. The company's financial structure has continued to improve, and the online music business has achieved high - quality growth, while the social entertainment business is under pressure [54][55] - **Steel Industry**: Shougang Co., Ltd.'s performance has increased due to falling raw material prices and product structure optimization. The company is building its fourth strategic product, and its depreciation expenses are expected to decrease. The industry's supply - demand pattern is expected to improve [58][59][60] - **Internet Industry**: Tencent Holdings has continued to invest in the AI field, which has promoted revenue and profit growth. Its international games have performed well, and AI has accelerated game content production. AI has also driven the iteration and upgrading of advertising and platform functions [63][64][65] - **Software Industry**: Kingdee International's revenue has grown in high - quality, and its cloud transformation has entered the harvest period. The large - enterprise business has achieved high growth, and the AI contract amount has exceeded 150 million yuan, indicating strong corporate AI application demand [67][70][71] - **Luggage Industry**: Samsonite's profitability in Q2 2025 improved quarter - on - quarter, and the decline in North American Tumi sales narrowed. The company is actively responding to US tariff adjustments, and its profitability is expected to continue to stabilize and improve in Q3 [73][74][75] - **Motorcycle Industry**: CF Motopower's mid - year report in 2025 was outstanding, with rapid growth in revenue and performance. The company's three major business lines have contributed to growth, and the electric two - wheeled vehicle business has provided a new growth curve [77][78][79] - **Financial Engineering**: Options in the domestic market provide tools for strategies. Overseas market's covered products can reduce the net - value volatility of the underlying index. The covered strategies constructed with 300ETF and 500ETF and their corresponding options have different effects in different market conditions [83][84] - **Finance**: In July 2025, social financing continued to expand, with government financing contributing the most. Credit demand from the private sector was insufficient, and both corporate and household loans declined. The growth rates of M1 and M2 rebounded, and household deposits continued to move to risk assets [87][88][89] Summaries by Directory Macro专题: 《货币与信贷：为何背离》 - In July 2025, the growth rate of social financing stock increased to 9.0%, with new social financing of 1.16 trillion yuan. Government bonds increased significantly, while loans decreased. Credit decreased by 500 million yuan, and both corporate and household loans declined. The growth rates of M2 and M1 rebounded. The divergence between money and credit was due to the need to boost effective demand and the weakening of the scale complex of financial institutions [2][3] 海外策略研究: 《对港股热点研究问题的思考 - 20250815》 - The correlation between Hong Kong stocks and A - shares has been increasing since 2020, while the correlation with US stocks has weakened. The liquidity of Hong Kong stocks has become less dependent on overseas factors, and its fundamentals are more closely related to the Chinese mainland. These changes may be due to geopolitical factors, the return of Chinese concept stocks, and the inflow of domestic capital [6][7][8] 行业跟踪报告: 机器人《Helix 模型助力 Figure 02 自主折衣，灵巧手工程创新实现突破》 - Figure 02 has mastered clothes - folding skills through algorithm optimization and data accumulation, demonstrating its technical generalization ability. Its dexterous hand design uses under - actuated modular finger components, which is an engineering innovation. The robot industry is driven by "technology deepening" and "scenario implementation", and is expected to expand from industrial to household scenarios [12][13][14] 行业跟踪报告: 太阳能《产业链价格持稳，供需情况有望修复》 - The prices of the solar energy industry chain have remained stable, with a slight increase in polysilicon prices. Some companies plan to cut production in September to relieve supply - demand pressure. The photovoltaic sector has continuous layout opportunities [16] 行业专题研究: 物流仓储《反内卷保障良性竞争，监管力度决定持续性》 - The "anti - involution" in the express delivery industry in 2021 - 2022 drove the double repair of performance and valuation. In 2025, the "anti - involution" intensity exceeded expectations, alleviating short - term competition pressure and ensuring long - term healthy competition. The regulatory intensity of the postal administration will determine the sustainability of price increases and future profit elasticity [20][21][22] 行业周报: 基础化工《全固态锂电池关键难题突破，世界机器人大会在北京开幕》 - With the development of emerging technologies, the demand for high - performance copper - clad laminates has increased. Solid - state batteries have broad application prospects, and the high - end new materials in the robot field are realizing import substitution. Chemical new - material companies such as Shengquan Group are recommended [24] 行业专题研究: 房地产《优化用途稳刚需，增加效用惠民》 - The housing provident fund system has developed rapidly in the past decade, with an expanding coverage and an increasing proportion of housing - related withdrawals. Optimizing provident fund policies can potentially boost housing consumption, especially in second - and third - tier cities. There is still room for further adjustment of provident fund policies [30][31][32] 公司半年报点评: 安琪酵母（600298）《盈利改善持续，扣非增速亮眼》 - In 2025, Angel Yeast's performance has continued to improve. Domestic sales have recovered, and overseas markets have maintained rapid growth. The company's internal structure adjustment has had a weakening impact, and cost and price factors have driven profit improvement [37][38] 公司半年报点评: 怡合达（301029）《锂电、汽车领域引领增长，毛利率提升显著；加速全球布局》 - Yiheda's performance has accelerated growth, with significant improvement in gross profit margin, mainly driven by the lithium - battery and automotive sectors. The company is accelerating its global layout and improving its one - stop procurement platform capabilities [40][41][43] 海外报告: 吉利汽车（0175）《2025 年上半年经营业绩大幅增长》 - Geely Automobile's operating performance in the first half of 2025 increased significantly, with a 47% increase in sales volume to 1.409 million vehicles. The company has a reasonable brand structure, and with the implementation of the "Smart Geely 2025" strategy, revenue and net profit are expected to continue to grow [44] 海外报告: 珍酒李渡（6979）《报表释压，关注新品》 - Zhenjiu Liudu's report has cleared risks, and the company is actively promoting new products such as "Dazhen" liquor and "Bull Market News" beer. The new products are expected to drive the company's growth rate to improve quarter - on - quarter, taking advantage of the low - base effect in the second half of 2025 [50][51][52] 海外报告: 网易云音乐（9899）《会员订阅业务稳健增长，大幅削减推广及广告费用》 - NetEase Cloud Music's membership subscription business has grown steadily, and it has significantly reduced promotion and advertising expenses. The company's financial structure has continued to improve, and the online music business has achieved high - quality growth, while the social entertainment business is under pressure [54][55] 公司跟踪报告: 首钢股份（000959）《盈利修复增长，产品结构持续优化》 - Shougang Co., Ltd.'s performance has increased due to falling raw material prices and product structure optimization. The company is building its fourth strategic product, and its depreciation expenses are expected to decrease. The industry's supply - demand pattern is expected to improve [58][59][60] 海外报告: 腾讯控股（0700）《延续高质量增长，AI 建设能力不断强化》 - Tencent Holdings has continued to invest in the AI field, which has promoted revenue and profit growth. Its international games have performed well, and AI has accelerated game content production. AI has also driven the iteration and upgrading of advertising and platform functions [63][64][65] 海外报告: 金蝶国际（0268）《大型企业业务进展亮眼，合同彰显 AI 应用需求旺盛》 - Kingdee International's revenue has grown in high - quality, and its cloud transformation has entered the harvest period. The large - enterprise business has achieved high growth, and the AI contract amount has exceeded 150 million yuan, indicating strong corporate AI application demand [67][70][71] 海外报告: 新秀丽（1910）《25Q2 盈利能力环比改善，北美 Tumi 降幅收窄》 - Samsonite's profitability in Q2 2025 improved quarter - on - quarter, and the decline in North American Tumi sales narrowed. The company is actively responding to US tariff adjustments, and its profitability is expected to continue to stabilize and improve in Q3 [73][74][75] 公司半年报点评: 春风动力（603129）《中报表现亮眼，三大业务不断向上》 - CF Motopower's mid - year report in 2025 was outstanding, with rapid growth in revenue and performance. The company's three major business lines have contributed to growth, and the electric two - wheeled vehicle business has provided a new growth curve [77][78][79] 金融工程专题报告: 《基于 A 股市场的备兑策略研究》 - Options in the domestic market provide tools for strategies. Overseas market's covered products can reduce the net - value volatility of the underlying index. The covered strategies constructed with 300ETF and 500ETF and their corresponding options have different effects in different market conditions [83][84] 金融工程专题报告: 《行业轮动四象限策略综述》 - A monthly industry rotation model is constructed from four dimensions: prosperity, sentiment, technology, and macro - economy. As of the end of July 2025, the cumulative return of the industry long - position portfolio was 18.1%, with a cumulative excess return of 8.3% compared to the benchmark portfolio [85] 事件点评: 《7 月金融数据全览》 - In July 2025, social financing continued to expand, with government financing contributing the most. Credit demand from the private sector was insufficient, and both corporate and household loans declined. The growth rates of M1 and M2 rebounded, and household deposits continued to move to risk assets [87][88][89]

信达证券8月15日发布研报称，给予安琪酵母（600298.SH，最新价：38.04元）买入评级。评级理由主 要包括：1）国内恢复增长，海外持续高增；2）毛利率维持升势，扣非归母净利润高增；3）积极推进 经营，不断开拓创新。风险提示：食品安全问题，行业竞争加剧。 （文章来源：每日经济新闻） ...

68只个股今日获机构买入型评级，13股机构首次关注。 证券时报•数据宝统计显示，今日机构研报共发布94条买入型评级记录，共涉及68只个股。安琪酵母关注度最高，共获8次机构买入型评级记录。 今日获机构买入型评级个股中，共有37条评级记录中对相关个股给出了未来目标价。以公布的预测目标价与最新收盘价进行对比显示，共有17股 上涨空间超20%，纵横股份上涨空间最高，8月15日国金证券预计公司目标价为81.62元，上涨空间达50.29%，上涨空间较高的个股还有北汽蓝 谷、伟星新材等，上涨空间分别为42.15%、28.91%。 （原标题：68股今日获机构买入评级 17股上涨空间超20%） | 002913 奥士康 | 1 | 1.07 | 32.10 电子 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 002938 鹏鼎控股 | 1 | -0.61 | 49.00 电子 | | 002991 甘源食品 | 1 | 0.40 | 35.81 食品饮料 | | 003033 征和工业 | 1 | 9.99 | 18.60 汽车 | | 300017 网宿科技 | 1 | 5.72 | 40.05 计算机 | | ...

Investment Rating - The investment rating for the company is "Buy" [1] Core Views - The company achieved a revenue of 7.899 billion yuan in H1 2025, representing a year-on-year increase of 10.10%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 799 million yuan, up 15.66% year-on-year [1] - In Q2 2025, the company reported a revenue of 4.105 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 11.19%, and a net profit attributable to shareholders of 429 million yuan, up 15.35% year-on-year [1] - The company is experiencing recovery in domestic business and continued high growth in overseas markets, with Q2 revenue from domestic and international markets at 2.305 billion yuan and 1.778 billion yuan, respectively, showing year-on-year growth of 4.3% and 22.3% [3] Financial Performance Summary - The company maintained a gross margin of 26.19% in Q2, an increase of 2.27 percentage points year-on-year, driven by an increase in overseas business proportion and a decrease in molasses prices [3] - The company’s Q2 non-recurring net profit reached 405 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 34.39% [1][3] - The company’s revenue is projected to grow from 13.585 billion yuan in 2023 to 20.694 billion yuan in 2027, with a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 10.4% [4] Earnings Forecast - The expected earnings per share (EPS) for 2025, 2026, and 2027 are 1.83 yuan, 2.12 yuan, and 2.46 yuan, respectively, corresponding to price-to-earnings (P/E) ratios of 21X, 18X, and 15X [3][4]

Market Overview - The seasoning and fermentation sector increased by 0.98% on August 15, with Angel Yeast leading the gains [1] - The Shanghai Composite Index closed at 3696.77, up 0.83%, while the Shenzhen Component Index closed at 11634.67, up 1.6% [1] Stock Performance - Angel Yeast (600298) closed at 38.04, with a rise of 6.79% and a trading volume of 434,700 shares, amounting to a transaction value of 1.661 billion [1] - Other notable stocks include: - Richen Co. (603755) at 28.55, up 3.59% [1] - Lianhua Holdings (600186) at 6.19, up 1.14% [1] - Tianwei Foods (603317) at 11.93, up 0.93% [1] - Haidilao (603288) at 38.89, up 0.31% with a transaction value of 660 million [1] Fund Flow Analysis - The seasoning and fermentation sector experienced a net outflow of 26.0368 million from institutional investors and 93.658 million from retail investors, while individual investors saw a net inflow of 120 million [1] - Detailed fund flow for selected stocks includes: - Jieling Pickles (002507) with a net inflow of 33.2087 million from institutional investors [2] - Haidilao (603288) with a net inflow of 29.6175 million from institutional investors [2] - Qianhe Flavor (603027) with a net inflow of 6.9892 million from institutional investors [2]

Core Viewpoint - The food and beverage sector is experiencing a rebound, with the Food ETF (515710) showing a slight increase of 0.33% in the afternoon session, indicating a potential recovery in this segment [1][3]. Group 1: Market Performance - The Food ETF (515710) had a morning of low volatility but surged in the afternoon, reflecting a positive shift in market sentiment [1]. - Key stocks in the sector, such as Angel Yeast, saw significant gains, with Angel Yeast rising over 7% and other leading liquor brands also performing well [1][3]. - The overall valuation of the food and beverage sector is currently favorable, with the Food ETF's underlying index PE ratio at 19.96, placing it in the 4.51% percentile over the past decade, suggesting a good long-term investment opportunity [3]. Group 2: Industry Insights - The liquor industry is facing challenges due to the ongoing impact of "prohibition orders," which have affected the restaurant sector and slowed down cash flow for liquor companies, leading to increased inventory levels [3]. - Despite these challenges, the market has already priced in the current difficulties faced by the liquor sector, with low expectations and valuations, indicating potential long-term investment value [3]. - The dairy and consumer goods sectors are expected to benefit from upcoming seasonal demand during the Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day, which may help stabilize raw milk prices and reduce excessive promotional competition [3]. Group 3: Investment Opportunities - The Food ETF (515710) tracks the CSI segmented food and beverage industry index, with approximately 60% of its portfolio allocated to leading high-end and mid-range liquor stocks, and nearly 40% to beverage, dairy, and seasoning stocks [4]. - Investors can also consider the Food ETF linked funds (Class A 012548/Class C 012549) for exposure to core assets in the food and beverage sector [4].