Workflow
EmbedWay(603496)
icon
Search documents
恒为科技:2023年年度股东大会资料
2024-05-06 10:08
恒为科技 2023 年年度股东大会资料 恒为科技(上海)股份有限公司 2023 年年度股东大会资料 (股票代码:603496) 2023 年 5 月 10 日 1 采用上海证券交易所网络投票系统,通过交易系统投票平台进行网络投票的 时间为股东大会召开当日的交易时间段,即 9:15-9:25,9:30-11:30,13:00-15:00; 通过互联网投票系统投票的具体时间为股东大会召开当日的 9:15-15:00 二、现场会议地点:上海市闵行区陈行路 2388 号 8 号楼 6 楼公司会议室 | 2023 | | 年年度股东大会会议议程 | 3 | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 议案一 | 关于 | 2023 年年度报告及摘要的议案 | 5 | | 议案二 | 关于 | 2023 年度董事会工作报告的议案 | 6 | | 议案三 | 关于 | 2023 年度监事会工作报告的议案 | 7 | | 议案四 | 关于 | 2023 年度财务决算报告的议案 | 8 | | 议案五 | 关于 | 2023 年度利润分配方案及授权董事会决定 2024 年中期利润分配方案的议案 | 8 | | 议案 ...
跟踪报告之二:智算可视化+训推一体机,AI业务扬帆起航
光大证券· 2024-05-05 10:07
Investment Rating - The report maintains a "Buy" rating for Hengwei Technology (603496 SH) [2][25] Core Views - AI development brings new business opportunities for the company, particularly in network visualization and AI-related services [24] - The company's smart system platform business is expected to grow due to increased demand for informatization infrastructure [8] - Network visualization business is projected to grow steadily in 2024, with improved revenue structure and higher gross margins [17] Financial Projections - Revenue for 2024E is projected at 1,101 52 million yuan, a 42 79% increase from 2023 [9] - Net profit attributable to the parent company for 2024E is forecasted at 169 49 million yuan, a 115 13% increase from 2023 [9] - EPS for 2024E is expected to be 0 53 yuan, up from 0 25 yuan in 2023 [9] Business Performance - In 2023, the company achieved revenue of 771 million yuan, a slight increase of 0 12% year-over-year [23] - Q1 2024 revenue was 259 million yuan, a 56 99% increase year-over-year, with net profit attributable to the parent company reaching 40 million yuan, up 130 43% [23] - The smart system platform business generated revenue of 392 million yuan in 2023, a 13 39% increase year-over-year [8] Market and Industry Analysis - The company's network visualization business revenue in 2023 was 376 million yuan, a 9 1% decrease year-over-year, but with improved gross margins from 56 03% in 2022 to 63 79% in 2023 [17] - The company is expected to benefit from the ongoing push for domestic informatization and the development of the AI industry [8][24] Valuation Metrics - The company's PE ratio for 2024E is 55X, with a PB ratio of 6 2X [9] - ROE (diluted) for 2024E is projected at 11 26%, up from 5 82% in 2023 [9]
业绩略超预期,算力业务有望成为新增长极
国盛证券· 2024-04-29 08:32
| --- | --- | |--------------------|-------| | 会计年度 | 2022A | | 流动资产 | 1209 | | 现金 | 301 | | 应收票据及应收账款 | 335 | | 其他应收款 | 3 | | 预付账款 | 11 | | 存货 | 450 | | 其他流动资产 | 108 | | 非流动资产 | 499 | | 长期投资 | 61 | | 固定资产 | 154 | | 无形资产 | 15 | | | | | 其他非流动资产 | 268 | | | | | 资产总计 | 1708 | | 流动负债 | 434 | | 短期借款 | 221 | | 应付票据及应付账款 | 126 | | 其他流动负债 | 87 | | 非流动负债 | 8 | | 长期借款 | 0 | | 其他非流动负债 | 8 | | 负债合计 | 443 | | 少数股东权益 | -1 | | 股本 | 228 | | 资本公积 | 591 | | 留存收益 | 447 | | 归属母公司股东权益 | 1266 | | 负债和股东权益 | 1708 | 2023A 1932 443 ...
恒为科技(603496) - 2024 Q1 - 季度财报
2024-04-28 07:36
2024 年第一季度报告 恒为科技(上海)股份有限公司 重要内容提示 □是 √否 | --- | --- | --- | |--------------------------------|----------------|------------------------| | 项目 | 本报告期 | 本报告期比上年同期增减 | | 营业收入 | | 变动幅度 (%) | | 归属于上市公司股东的净利润 | 259,480,721.97 | 56.99 | | 归属于上市公司股东的扣除非经常 | 40,381,292.43 | 130.43 | | 性损益的净利润 | 36,354,047.67 | 148.48 | | 经营活动产生的现金流量净额 | 68,642,994.13 | 293.65 | | 基本每股收益(元 / 股) | 0.1261 | 129.69 | | 稀释每股收益(元 / 股) | 0.1261 | 129.69 | | 加权平均净资产收益率( % ) | 2.94 | 增加 1.57 个百分点 | (二)非经常性损益项目和金额 (三)主要会计数据、财务指标发生变动的情况、原因 二、 ...
恒为科技:关于参加2023年报沪市主板新质生产力之信息技术集体业绩说明会的公告
2024-04-21 07:40
证券代码:603496 证券简称:恒为科技 公告编号:2024-022 恒为科技(上海)股份有限公司 关于参加 2023 年报沪市主板新质生产力之信息技术 集体业绩说明会的公告 本公司董事会及全体董事保证本公告内容不存在任何虚假记载、误导性陈述 或者重大遗漏,并对其内容的真实性、准确性和完整性承担法律责任。 重要内容提示: 会 议 召 开 地 点 : 上 海 证 券 交 易 所 上 证 路 演 中 心 ( 网 址 : https://roadshow.sseinfo.com/) 会议召开方式:上证路演中心视频和网络互动 投资者可于 2024 年 4 月 25 日(星期四)16:00 前通过公司邮箱 securities.affairs@embedway.com 进行提问。公司将在说明会上对投资者普遍关注 的问题进行回答。 恒为科技(上海)股份有限公司(以下简称"公司")已于 2024 年 4 月 19 日 发布公司 2023 年年度报告,为便于广大投资者更全面深入地了解公司 2023 年年 度经营成果、财务状况,公司计划于 2024 年 4 月 29 日参加 2023 年报沪市主板 新质生产力之信息技术集体业 ...
算力调优获GPU支持,受益网络可视+数据要素+AI智算
华金证券· 2024-04-19 14:30
华 发 集 团 旗 下 企 业 数据来源:聚源、华金证券研究所 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | |-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|------------------|----------------------------------------|---------------------------------|------------------------------------------------| | 2024 年 04 月 19 日 \n恒为科技( 603496.SH ) \n算力调优获 GPU 支持,受益网络可视+数据要素 \n+AI 智算 | 投资评级 \n股价 | 计算机 \n(2024-04-18) | 公司研究●证券研究报告 \n\| 增持 | 公司快报 \n专用计算机设备Ⅲ -B(维持) \n25.63 元 | | | 交易数据 | | | | ...
恒为科技(603496) - 2023 Q4 - 年度财报
2024-04-18 10:22
Financial Performance - Revenue for 2023 was 771,416,211.07 yuan, a slight increase of 0.12% compared to 2022[1] - Net profit attributable to shareholders in 2023 was 78,783,542.16 yuan, up 3.36% from 2022[1] - Operating cash flow surged by 182.90% to 69,943,456.15 yuan in 2023[1] - Total assets grew by 42.90% to 2,440,410,084.55 yuan at the end of 2023[1] - The company's net profit for the year was 79 million yuan, with total revenue reaching 771 million yuan[36] - The company's operating cash flow increased to 69.94 million yuan, a significant rise from 24.72 million yuan in the previous year[39] - Non-recurring gains and losses for 2023 amounted to RMB 13,054,386.67, compared to RMB 20,933,641.36 in 2022 and RMB 43,322,246.92 in 2021[156] - Government subsidies recognized in 2023 were RMB 7,953,875.06, a significant increase from RMB 3,193,386.97 in 2022[155] - Operating cash flow from sales of goods and services decreased to 575.25 million yuan in 2023 from 680.92 million yuan in 2022, a decline of 15.5%[158] - Net cash flow from operating activities was negative 146.04 million yuan in 2023, compared to negative 63.03 million yuan in 2022, indicating a significant increase in cash outflow[158] - Net cash flow from investing activities improved to 71.18 million yuan in 2023 from negative 2.37 million yuan in 2022, reflecting better investment returns[158] R&D and Innovation - R&D investment in 2023 was 141 million yuan, accounting for 18.23% of annual sales revenue[9] - The company owns 160 software copyrights and 48 patents (including 40 invention patents) as of the end of 2023, representing year-on-year increases of 31% and 45% respectively[14] - The company completed the localization upgrade of multiple network visualization products using domestic chips and adapted some products to the Euler operating system[12] - The company developed a second-generation lightweight and compact photovoltaic cleaning and inspection robot and iterated a new version of the energy visualization integrated management platform[13] - The company focused on the R&D of intelligent computing visualization systems to improve the efficiency of computing, network, and storage resources in intelligent computing centers or clusters[13] - The company proposed the concept of "intelligent computing visualization" to address the challenges in intelligent computing cluster debugging and optimization[23] - The company signed a strategic cooperation agreement to build an AI computing power center in Shenzhen with partners like Huawei[30] - The company's network visualization business is positioned as a key link in the data element and AI industry, with opportunities arising from the integration of AI large models and privacy computing technologies[8] - The company is actively participating in the discussion of AIGC-related standards and technologies, leveraging its leading network visualization technology and industry partnerships[172] Business Segments and Market Performance - Network visualization business revenue was 376 million yuan, a decrease of 9.1% year-on-year[36] - Smart system platform business revenue reached 392 million yuan, a year-on-year increase of 13.39%[31] - The company's smart system platform business benefited from strengthened cooperation with market clients and the stabilization of the supply chain[31] - The company won the bid for China Mobile's 2023-2024 centralized procurement project for convergence and diversion equipment, with increasing market share[15] - The company successfully entered China Telecom's network visualization centralized procurement demonstration project, maintaining its core vendor position in the operator market[15] - The company expanded its presence in the financial industry, deepening cooperation with state-owned banks, commercial banks, and local city commercial banks[15] - The company's network visualization business benefits from the continuous advancement of 5G and government sector orders, enhancing its competitive advantage[181] - The company's intelligent system platform business, particularly in the intelligent computing sector, is expected to benefit from the growing demand for computing power driven by AI development[173] - The company's network visualization products are primarily deployed in operator broadband backbone networks, mobile networks, IDC exits, and enterprise and industry networks[171] - The company secured a bid for China Mobile's 2023-2024 centralized procurement project for aggregation and diversion equipment, with increasing market share year-over-year[181] Investments and Subsidiaries - The company transferred 3.3333% of its partnership stake in Hushan Xinju for RMB 18 million, reducing its stake from 8.3333% to 5.0000%[44] - The company's subsidiary acquired a 24% stake in Haicheng Yuxin Information Technology Co., Ltd., focusing on IT and industrial electronics[44] - A new subsidiary, Shanghai Zhiguang Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., was established with a registered capital of RMB 6 million, focusing on the photovoltaic cleaning robot market[44] - The company established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Shenzhen Haishang Zhiyun Technology Co., Ltd., with a registered capital of RMB 10 million to expand its business in the Greater Bay Area[44] - The company's subsidiary, Shanghai Hengwei Intelligent Technology Co., Ltd., established Beijing Zhizhao Technology Co., Ltd., with a registered capital of RMB 30 million, holding a 51% stake[44] - The company invested RMB 25 million in Hushan Xinju (Chengdu) Venture Investment Center, focusing on semiconductor and intelligent hardware sectors[52] - The company invested RMB 35 million in Shanghai Hushan Puxin Venture Investment Center, targeting chip design, optoelectronics, and industrial intelligence sectors[52] - The company established a wholly-owned subsidiary, Shenzhen Haishang Zhiyun Technology Co., Ltd., with a registered capital of 10 million yuan to expand its presence in the Greater Bay Area's intelligent computing sector[175] - The company invested in Beijing Zhizhao Technology Co., Ltd., with a registered capital of 30 million yuan, focusing on AI vertical business, holding a 51% stake through its subsidiary[175] Industry Trends and Policy Impact - The total number of mobile communication base stations in China reached 11.62 million by the end of 2023, with 5G base stations accounting for 29.1% of the total, an increase of 7.8 percentage points from the previous year[55] - The average number of 5G base stations per 10,000 people in China increased by 7.6 to 24 by the end of 2023[55] - Revenue from emerging businesses such as cloud computing, big data, and IoT reached 356.4 billion yuan in 2023, a year-on-year increase of 19.1%, accounting for 21.2% of telecom business revenue[55] - Cloud computing and big data business revenue grew by 37.5% year-on-year in 2023, while IoT business revenue increased by 20.3%[55] - The IoT industry in China is expected to reach 80.1 billion connections by 2025, with an average annual growth rate of 14.1% from 2019[64] - The IoT industry scale in China exceeded 1.7 trillion yuan in 2020, with an average annual growth rate of 20% during the 13th Five-Year Plan period[64] - 5G technology will significantly enhance network visualization applications in areas such as network optimization, security, and big data services[59] - The integration of SDN and NFV technologies will further enhance 5G network capabilities, requiring new approaches to network visualization data collection and analysis[62] - The development of IoT and 5G will drive the growth of network visualization industry, as it plays a crucial role in network intelligence and security[65] - By the end of 2023, the number of data center racks provided by the three major telecom operators reached 970,000, with a net increase of 152,000 racks compared to the previous year, and the public basic computing power scale exceeded 26 EFlops[72] - The goal is to cultivate cybersecurity enterprises with annual revenues exceeding 2 billion yuan by 2025, with the cybersecurity industry scale surpassing 200 billion yuan[70] - In 2021, China's chip imports totaled nearly 440 billion USD, accounting for 28.6% of the total import value of goods[76] - The NovoNet plan by China Mobile aims to transform traditional communication networks from voice and data-centric to content and traffic-centric[73] - The CTNet2025 network development whitepaper by China Telecom focuses on business ecology, network intelligence, and operational wisdom[73] - China Unicom emphasizes 5G, IoT, and industrial internet, leveraging SDN/NFV technologies for industrial internet services[73] - The "5G Application 'Sail' Action Plan (2021-2023)" aims to promote 5G applications in 15 key industries, including industrial internet and smart healthcare[74] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" for national informatization aims to build a comprehensive 5G network and expand 5G vertical application scenarios[74] - The new version of the "Radio Frequency Allocation Regulations" allocates the 6425-7125MHz band for IMT systems, supporting 5G/6G development[74] - The "Cybersecurity Review Measures" require critical information infrastructure operators to undergo cybersecurity reviews for network product and service procurement[77] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" for the information and communication industry aims to build the world's largest 5G standalone network, targeting 26 5G base stations per 10,000 people by 2025, with 5G user penetration increasing from 15% in 2020 to 56%[78] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" for national informatization prioritizes 10 key actions, including digital literacy, enterprise digital capabilities, and breakthroughs in frontier digital technologies[78] - The "14th Five-Year Plan" for the digital economy emphasizes strengthening the cybersecurity protection system and ensuring the safe operation of critical systems and infrastructure[79] - The "Data Twenty Articles" propose leveraging China's massive data scale and application scenarios to activate data potential and enhance the digital economy[82] - The "Data Elements ×" three-year action plan (2024–2026) targets a 20% annual growth rate for the data industry and aims to create over 300 exemplary application scenarios[84] - By 2025, China aims to establish an IPv6-centric industrial ecosystem, with over 1,000 networks supporting "IPv6+" technology and 20+ application benchmarks in key industries[88] - By the end of 2023, China targets 750 million IPv6 active users, 300 million IoT IPv6 connections, and 55% IPv6 traffic share in mobile networks[89] - The "Opinions on Strengthening Digital Government Construction" calls for improving independent innovation and accelerating breakthroughs in key core technologies for digital government[88] - The "Management Measures for Generative AI Services" outline requirements for data processing, labeling, and service standards, emphasizing safety and innovation[83] - Domestic chip manufacturers have made rapid progress in chip autonomy, with breakthroughs expected in operating systems, servers, and high-performance computing based on domestic chips[90] - The company emphasizes the importance of military informatization and the integration of civilian and military technologies to accelerate the development of informatized weaponry systems and build an informatized military[94] - The company highlights the increasing trend of informatized warfare and the need for China to enhance its technological and warfare insights, focusing on mechanization, informatization, and intelligentization as key directions for national defense modernization[94] - The company notes the global trend of "civilian technology for military use" as a guiding principle for military informatization, aiming to transfer mature civilian technologies to military applications[94] - The company references the "14th Five-Year Plan for Digital Economy Development" issued by the State Council in January 2022, which emphasizes accelerating digital industrialization and enhancing the competitiveness of core industries, including key technologies and products[98] - The company mentions the "14th Five-Year Plan for Informatization and Industrialization Deep Integration Development Plan" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in November 2021, focusing on the cultivation and development of industrial chips, intelligent sensors, and industrial software to enhance industrial foundation support capabilities[104] - The company cites the "Guidance on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of High-Quality Manufacturing Enterprises" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in July 2021, which calls for collaborative innovation in key areas such as basic components, electronic components, and cybersecurity[107] - The company acknowledges the impact of the U.S.-China trade dispute since 2018, which has exposed weaknesses in China's independent information systems and highlighted the need for increased investment in domestic technology development[103] - The company references the "National Government Informatization Project Construction Management Measures" issued by the State Council in January 2020, which requires a description of product safety and reliability during the approval phase of government informatization projects[97] - The company mentions the "Opinions on Expanding Strategic Emerging Industry Investment and Cultivating New Growth Points" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission in September 2020, which emphasizes accelerating 5G construction and commercial development, as well as breakthroughs in core technologies such as key chips and high-end components[101] - The company highlights the "Interim Provisions on the Protection of Personal Information in Mobile Internet Applications (Draft for Comment)" issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in April 2021, aimed at strengthening the protection of personal information in mobile apps[105] Financial Assets and Liabilities - Fixed assets increased by 74.75% to RMB 268.78 million, mainly due to the completion and transfer of the intelligent manufacturing factory[41] - Contract liabilities surged by 4,121.44% to RMB 535.60 million, primarily due to advance payments from customers[41] - Other current liabilities rose by 4,134.10% to RMB 69.63 million, driven by increased contract liabilities and related tax liabilities[41] - Other non-current financial assets decreased by 38,050,336.24 RMB, from 113,674,321.36 RMB to 75,623,985.12 RMB, impacting profits by -20,050,336.24 RMB[137] - Trading financial assets decreased by 24,088,153.82 RMB, from 24,088,153.82 RMB to 0.00 RMB, positively impacting profits by 481,117.91 RMB[137] - Other equity instrument investments increased by 353,301.54 RMB, from 10,120,302.42 RMB to 10,473,603.96 RMB[137] - Total financial assets decreased by 61,785,188.52 RMB, from 147,882,777.60 RMB to 86,097,589.08 RMB, with a net impact on profits of -19,569,218.33 RMB[137] Human Resources and Corporate Governance - Total number of employees as of December 31, 2023, is 585, with 312 R&D personnel, accounting for 53% of the total workforce[148] - The company plans to distribute a cash dividend of RMB 0.55 per 10 shares (tax inclusive) without any stock dividend or capital reserve conversion[152] - The company has established a comprehensive career development ecosystem, offering technical, professional, and managerial career paths to support employee growth[147] - The company's audit committee held two meetings in 2023, focusing on performance evaluations and compensation plans for directors and senior management[146] - The company plans to enhance its human resource management system in 2024 through E-HR and E-learning systems to improve talent management efficiency and support rapid business growth[160] Network Visualization Industry - The network visualization industry is transitioning towards business intelligence, leveraging new technologies like big data and SDN to enhance network traffic analysis and business customization[149] - The network visualization industry primarily serves the telecom operator, government, and large enterprise IT sectors, with procurement peaks typically occurring in the fourth quarter[149] - The company's network visualization technology addresses challenges in network management and security, driven by the rapid development of industrial internet and IoT[195] - National emphasis on information security and data elements is driving demand for network visualization and security solutions[196] - The company's business model primarily involves selling integrated hardware and software solutions, along with system integration services[185] Data and Digital Economy - Data has been recognized as the fifth major production factor, following land, labor, capital, and technology[198] - The Chinese government issued the "Data Twenty Articles" in December 2022, establishing a foundational framework for data rights, circulation, and governance[198] - The "Data Twenty Articles" aim to leverage China's massive data scale and diverse application scenarios to enhance the potential of data as a production factor[198] - The policy is expected to strengthen the digital economy and inject new momentum into economic development[198] Domestic Technology and Market Growth - The company collaborates with domestic chip manufacturers like Feiteng, Zhaoxin, and Kunpeng to develop competitive domestic information products and platforms[190] - The domestic information technology market is experiencing explosive growth, with increasing adoption in government, energy, finance, and education sectors[192] - The company focuses on providing "domestic and intelligent" hardware and software platform solutions, targeting areas such as wireless networks, information security, and industrial internet[182]
恒为科技:恒为科技公司章程
2024-04-18 10:19
恒为科技(上海)股份有限公司 章程 2024 年 4 月 | 第一章总则 3 | | --- | | 第二章经营宗旨和范围 4 | | 第三章股份 4 | | 第四章股东和股东大会 8 | | 第五章董事会 26 | | 第六章总经理及其他高级管理人员 34 | | 第七章监事会 36 | | 第八章财务会计制度、利润分配和审计 39 | | 第九章通知和公告 44 | | 第十章合并、分立、增资、减资、解散和清算 45 | | 第十一章修改章程 48 | | 第十二章附则 49 | 恒为科技(上海)股份有限公司章程 第一章 总则 第一条 为维护恒为科技(上海)股份有限公司(以下简称"公司"或"本公 司")、股东和债权人的合法权益,规范公司的组织和行为,根据《中华人民共 和国公司法》(以下简称"《公司法》")、《中华人民共和国证券法》和其他 有关规定,制订本章程。 第二条 公司系依照《公司法》和其他有关规定成立的股份有限公司。 公司系由上海恒为信息科技有限公司以整体变更的方式发起设立的股份有 限公司,在上海市市场监督管理局注册登记,取得营业执照,统一社会信用代码 为91310000748772166A。 第三 ...
恒为科技:2023年度环境、社会及治理报告
2024-04-18 10:19
2023 恒为科技(上海)股份有限公司 环境、社会及治理报告 ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL AND GOVERNANCE REPORT 股票代码:603496 目 录 | 开 篇 | | | --- | --- | | 关于本报告 | 01 | | 董事长致辞 | 03 | | 走进恒为 | | | 公司简介 | 07 | | 企业文化 | 08 | | 企业使命 | 08 | | 公司发展历程 | 09 | | 公司主要业务及产品 | 13 | | 公司荣誉 | 15 | | 2023年度关键绩效 | 17 | | 公司ESG治理 | 19 | 01 公司治理篇 | 组织治理架构 | 25 | | --- | --- | | 三会治理 | 27 | | 投资者权益保护 | 29 | | 风险管理及内部控制 | 31 | 03 环境篇 | 绿色生产 | 59 | | --- | --- | | 绿色工厂 | 60 | | 绿色产品 | 61 | | 绿色办公 | 63 | 02 社会责任篇 | 关注员工成长,保障员工权益 | 35 | | --- | --- | | 提升产品质量,维护客户利益 ...
恒为科技:众华会计师事务所关于恒为科技(上海)股份有限公司2023年内部控制审计报告(众会字(2024)第00901号)
2024-04-18 10:19
恒为科技(上海)股份有限公司 内部控制审计报告 众会字(2024)第 00901 号 恒为科技(上海)股份有限公司全体股东: 按照《企业内部控制审计指引》及中国注册会计师执业准则的相关要求,我们审计了恒 为科技(上海)股份有限公司(以下简称恒为科技公司)2023 年 12 月 31 日的财务报告内 部控制的有效性。 一、企业对内部控制的责任 按照《企业内部控制基本规范》、《企业内部控制应用指引》、《企业内部控制评价指引》 的规定,建立健全和有效实施内部控制,并评价其有效性是恒为科技公司董事会的责任。 二、注册会计师的责任 我们的责任是在实施审计工作的基础上,对财务报告内部控制的有效性发表审计意见, 并对注意到的非财务报告内部控制的重大缺陷进行披露。 2023 年度 内部控制审计报告 1 (此页无正文) 众华会计师事务所(特殊普通合伙) 中国注册会计师 三、内部控制的固有局限性 内部控制具有固有局限性,存在不能防止和发现错报的可能性。此外,由于情况的变 化可能导致内部控制变得不恰当,或对控制政策和程序遵循的程度降低,根据内部控制审计 结果推测未来内部控制的有效性具有一定风险。 四、财务报告内部控制审计意见 我们 ...