中新网北京10月7日电 题：北京大学赛克勒考古与艺术博物馆：文明的守望与传承 中新网记者 曾玥 金秋时节，北京大学鸣鹤园，北京大学赛克勒考古与艺术博物馆静立林间。 这是中国高校第一所现代化博物馆和第一所考古专题博物馆，自1993年起正式对外开放。馆内现有 石器、陶器、铜器、瓷器等13000余件藏品，其中大部分为中国考古学各时期的典型标本和见证北京大 学考古百年历程的学术收藏。 1983年，北京大学将考古专业从历史学系分出，独立建立考古系。此后，北京大学考古系学科门类 不断丰富，开辟宗教考古、陶瓷考古、体质人类学、动物考古、环境考古等一批新领域，开展现代人及 其文化的起源、中国文明形成及早期发展等大量前沿课题。 北京大学考古文博学院院长沈睿文表示，千禧年以来，北京大学考古文博学院进一步完善学科建设 体系，凝练学科发展方向，形成北大考古的学科布局和特色，拓展了中国考古学科体系的内涵。 百年积淀，马衡、向达、苏秉琦、宿白、邹衡、吕遵谔、严文明、俞伟超、李伯谦等考古大师云集 北大； 70余载，田野考古训练齐全、教师队伍完备、坚持教学与科研相结合，"北大模式"与时俱进。 图为北京大学赛克勒考古与艺术博物馆。中新社记者 ...

中新网北京10月7日电 题：北京大学赛克勒考古与艺术博物馆：文明的守望与传承 中新网记者 曾玥 金秋时节，北京大学鸣鹤园，北京大学赛克勒考古与艺术博物馆静立林间。 这是中国高校第一所现代化博物馆和第一所考古专题博物馆，自1993年起正式对外开放。馆内现有石 器、陶器、铜器、瓷器等13000余件藏品，其中大部分为中国考古学各时期的典型标本和见证北京大学 考古百年历程的学术收藏。 循着"北京大学考古100年考古专业70年特展"走进馆内，抬头望去，两侧的展板和老照片回溯了北大考 古的百年峥嵘岁月。 1922年，北京大学成立考古学研究室，中国近代考古学和博物馆事业开拓者马衡担任主任，倡导"用科 学的方法调查、保存、研究中国过去人类之物质遗迹及遗物"，并制定考古计划，开展田野工作。 1952年，北京大学成立中国高校第一个考古专业。5年后，北大考古开始独立开展田野考古教学实习， 确立"田野发掘—调查—整理—编写报告"的田野考古教学"北大模式"。 70余载，田野考古训练齐全、教师队伍完备、坚持教学与科研相结合，"北大模式"与时俱进。 目光移至展柜，考古发掘标本、老档案、发掘报告、器物卡片等百余件组展品，标记中国考古学中 的 ...

图①：山西襄汾陶寺遗址出土圭尺。 中国社会科学院考古研究所供图 图②：河南偃师二里头遗址出土绿松石龙形器。 中国社会科学院考古研究所供图 图③：陕西宝鸡青铜器博物院藏何尊及其铭文"中国"。 陕西宝鸡青铜器博物院供图 图④：湖北武汉博物馆藏五乳神兽镜。 湖北武汉博物馆供图 图⑤：新疆维吾尔自治区博物馆藏"五星出东方利中国"汉代织锦护臂。 新疆维吾尔自治区博物馆供图 中华文明是世界上唯一绵延不断且以国家形态发展至今的伟大文明。从明确表达早期"中国"概念的山西 襄汾陶寺遗址出土圭表，到定格后世"中国"龙形象的河南偃师二里头遗址出土绿松石龙形器，从留 下"中国"一词最早文字记录的西周青铜器何尊，到为"中国人民"提供最早实物文物例证的汉代五乳神兽 镜，再到出土于新疆和田地区的"五星出东方利中国"汉代织锦护臂……作为历史的见证，考古文物生动 展现出中华文明的绵延不绝与博大气象。 如果不从源远流长的历史连续性来认识中国，就不可能理解古代中国，也不可能理解现代中国，更不可 能理解未来中国。疏源浚流，与古为新；国宝重光，时代华彩。今天，让我们走近这些铭刻下"中国"印 记的文物，在思接千载中读懂"何以中国"、坚定文化自信。 —— ...

气势恢宏的史前巨石之城，默默在陕西黄土高原北部沉睡了四千多年。石峁，这处探索中华文明起源与发展的重要遗址，在考古工作者的手铲毛 刷之间，缓缓揭开了神秘的面纱。 横亘在陕西榆林神木市石峁山塬上的古城遗址，历史上一直是个谜。明万历《延绥镇志》是最早记载石峁遗址的地方志，编纂者将这个庞大的古 城遗址误判为唐代城址。1927年，天津《大公报》以"陕北发现汉匈奴古物"进行了相关报道。上世纪50年代，石峁首次进入我国考古工作者的视 野，陆续发现断续分布的石砌城墙、大量玉器及房址、墓葬、灰坑等遗迹。 2011年，石峁遗址开始了大规模的科学系统发掘。10多年持续的考古工作让石峁遗址的基本面貌逐渐清晰： 规模最大的史前城址显示中国早期文明的奇迹。石峁遗址已发现由皇城台、内城和外城三个层次构成的石城及城门、墩台、马面、角台等附属建 筑，其中外城东门与皇城台开创了中国都城正门结构的先河。 从远处遥望，皇城台如同一座宏伟的"金字塔"，四周石墙依山势垒砌，层层相叠。作为石峁都城的权力中枢，考古发现其顶部建有宫殿群、水体 设施和贵族墓葬区。碳十四系列测年及考古学证据表明，石峁城址初建时代不晚于公元前2300年，大致废弃于公元前1800年 ...

Core Viewpoint - University museums are increasingly recognized as important cultural and educational institutions, serving both academic and public interests while enhancing the educational experience for students and the community [2][3][4][5][6][8]. Group 1: Role and Impact of University Museums - University museums provide specialized public cultural services and have become a "second classroom" on campuses, leveraging academic resources to enhance education and cultural development [2][3]. - The Xi'an Jiaotong University Westward Migration Museum integrates historical narratives into the "Big Ideological and Political Course," hosting over 30 themed exhibitions to engage audiences with the Westward Migration story [4]. - The Sichuan University Museum, with over 80,000 historical artifacts, collaborates with academic research to deepen the understanding of cultural heritage and supports archaeological projects [5][6]. Group 2: Educational and Cultural Significance - University museums utilize modern technology to create immersive experiences, enhancing student engagement with Chinese civilization and culture [6]. - The Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics Museum showcases significant achievements in China's aerospace history, inspiring students through exhibits like the "Beijing One" aircraft and the "Fengru Three" drone [8][9]. - Specialized university museums, such as the Electronic Science Museum at the University of Electronic Science and Technology, present collections that reflect advancements in their respective fields, serving as auxiliary classrooms for professional learning [9].

Core Insights - The Shimao site in Shaanxi plays a significant role in the exploration of Chinese civilization, showcasing a variety of artifacts such as stone sculptures, jade artifacts, and bone needles, which highlight the richness of prehistoric culture [1][3][5] Archaeological Significance - The Shimao site, established around 2300 BC and abandoned by 1800 BC, is recognized as the largest known prehistoric city in China, featuring a 10-kilometer stone wall and divided into three parts: the royal city, inner city, and outer city [7] - The unique practice of embedding jade artifacts within the city walls is believed to be a form of protective ritual, reflecting the inhabitants' desire for stability and security [7][8] Cultural Artifacts - The site is renowned for its jade artifacts, including a recently discovered eagle-patterned jade axe, which provides valuable insights into the cultural beliefs of the Shimao people [8][10] - Various stone carvings, including human and animal figures, demonstrate the Shimao people's understanding of nature and their artistic skills, with some carvings resembling characters from oracle bone inscriptions [10][12] Ongoing Research and Mysteries - Despite the wealth of cultural relics, many questions remain regarding the origins, customs, and the reasons for the abandonment of the Shimao site, indicating that further archaeological research may yield new insights [14][15]

Core Insights - The article highlights the significance of the Chengtoushan site in Hunan as the oldest known city in China, dating back approximately 4,800 years, marking a pivotal point in the development of early civilization in the Yangtze River basin [1][4]. Summary by Sections Historical Context - The Chengtoushan site, located in the northwest of Dongting Lake, was discovered in the 1970s and officially excavated starting in 1991, revealing its construction during the Qujialing culture period [1]. - The site has been recognized multiple times for its archaeological importance, including being named one of the top ten archaeological discoveries in China in 1992 and again in 1997 [2]. Archaeological Findings - Excavations have uncovered evidence of early rice cultivation, with rice paddies dating back around 6,500 years, indicating the complexity of prehistoric agricultural societies in the middle Yangtze River region [2]. - The city underwent four construction phases, with the earliest dating back to 6,300-6,100 years ago, featuring a city wall and a planned layout that included residential areas, pottery workshops, and burial sites [3]. Urban Development - The emergence of the city transformed the original settlement structure, with rice fields being abandoned in favor of city walls and defensive structures [3]. - The final urban layout included a significant area of 150,000 square meters, with a well-planned distribution of residential, burial, and industrial zones, indicating a sophisticated social organization [3]. Economic and Cultural Significance - Chengtoushan served as a regional center with a dense population, advanced pottery industry, and effective social management, reflecting its role as a hub for resource distribution and information exchange [4]. - Artifacts found at the site suggest long-distance trade connections, highlighting the complexity of social interactions and economic activities in prehistoric China [4].

Core Points - The unveiling of the Tao Temple National Archaeological Site Park marks a significant milestone for Shanxi Province, being its first national-level archaeological site park [1] - The Tao Temple site, dating back 4,300 to 3,900 years, is a large settlement from the late Neolithic Longshan period, covering an area of approximately 4 million square meters, and is crucial to understanding the formation of Chinese civilization [1] - The site is recognized as one of the four major urban archaeological sites in the Chinese civilization exploration project, featuring the world's earliest observatory and the earliest discovered characters [1] Summary by Sections Archaeological Significance - The Tao Temple site is a key evidence point for over 5,000 years of Chinese civilization history, showcasing significant cultural artifacts such as the earliest observatory and two of the earliest characters, "文" and "尧" [1] - The site has been a national key cultural relic protection unit since 1988 and was included in the national archaeological site park project list in 2017 [1] Park Development and Activities - The total planned area for the Tao Temple National Archaeological Site Park is 519.38 hectares, with several exhibition areas already open, including the site museum and the "Tao Temple Astronomical Archaeology Museum" [1] - The local government plans to promote various projects to recreate the early state image of the Tao Temple culture and enhance public engagement through diverse cultural education activities [2] Public Engagement Initiatives - From July 1 to August 31, a "three-museum linkage" educational event is being held, allowing students and educators to visit the museums for free with prior reservation [2] - The local tourism bureau is promoting summer cultural tourism routes to attract visitors and enhance awareness of the region's rich historical heritage [2]

Core Viewpoint - The exhibition "Dragon Rising China: Special Exhibition of Hongshan Culture Ancient Civilization" at the Shanghai Museum showcases over 300 artifacts, highlighting the significance of dragon totems in Hongshan culture and its role in the origins of Chinese civilization [6][7][12]. Group 1: Exhibition Overview - The exhibition is part of the "What is China" series and features artifacts from 20 museums and archaeological institutions across various provinces [7][12]. - It includes a significant centerpiece, the "C" shaped jade dragon from the Palace Museum, symbolizing the royal aura of the Hongshan culture [8][10]. - The exhibition presents a total of 310 artifacts, with over a quarter being displayed for the first time [12][15]. Group 2: Cultural Significance - Hongshan culture, dating back approximately 6,500 years, is recognized for its advanced ritual systems and the establishment of a belief system centered around reverence for heaven, ancestors, and rulers [8][16]. - The artifacts reflect the early development of Chinese ceremonial practices, including the construction of altars and tombs, which are foundational to Chinese cultural identity [15][17]. - The exhibition aims to enhance public understanding of Hongshan culture and its contributions to the broader narrative of Chinese civilization [18][21]. Group 3: Archaeological Findings - Recent archaeological discoveries, such as the large-scale sacrificial site at the Niuhou Liang site, indicate a complex social structure and belief system in the Hongshan culture [16][17]. - The exhibition features unique artifacts like the "double dragon head jade pendant" and the earliest known stone dragon sculpture, providing insights into the evolution of dragon imagery in Chinese culture [10][11][19]. - The ongoing research and discoveries related to Hongshan culture are expected to further illuminate its role in the development of early Chinese civilization [16][21].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights the economic transformation of Shenmu, a county in northern Shaanxi, which has leveraged its abundant coal resources to achieve remarkable economic growth and social welfare benefits [2][14][18] - Shenmu is recognized as the largest coal-producing county in China, with proven coal reserves exceeding 500 billion tons, covering 59% of the county's total area [9][13] - The county's GDP has soared, ranking 8th nationally and first in the north, with a per capita GDP reaching 400,000 yuan, surpassing that of Hong Kong and Macau [14][18] Group 2 - Shenmu has implemented a 15-year free education system and universal free healthcare, making it unique among Chinese counties [18][20] - The county has a forest coverage rate of 43.2%, significantly higher than that of neighboring Shanxi, indicating a commitment to environmental management alongside resource extraction [5][51] - The discovery of the ancient Shimao site, dating back 4,300 years, positions Shenmu as one of the origins of Chinese civilization, adding historical significance to its economic narrative [4][35][41] Group 3 - The development of Shenmu's coal industry began in the 1980s, with a model that involved state infrastructure support and local community mining initiatives [12][13] - Shenmu's energy sector has become a critical part of China's energy security framework, contributing significantly to the national energy supply [13][14] - The article emphasizes the potential for Shenmu to avoid the pitfalls of resource depletion by highlighting its cultural heritage and natural beauty, suggesting a sustainable future beyond coal [52][54]