急性冠脉综合征是指一组急性心脏病症状的总称，通常表现为胸痛、气短、出汗等症状。它包括急性心 肌梗死（即心脏病发作）、不稳定型心绞痛等疾病，常常由于冠状动脉（心脏供血的血管）发生堵塞或 痉挛导致心肌供血不足。因此，了解急性冠脉综合征的危险因素，并采取措施有效控制它们，对于预防 心脏病发作至关重要。本文为大家介绍急性冠脉综合征的危险因素，并提供有效的控制方法，帮助大家 提高心脏健康，降低患病风险。 一、急性冠脉综合征的危险因素 急性冠脉综合征的发生并非单一因素引起，而是多种危险因素相互作用的结果。了解这些危险因素，有 助于我们在生活中采取相应的措施来降低风险。 1.高血压：高血压是急性冠脉综合征的主要危险因素之一。长期血压升高会对血管内壁造成伤害，导致 血管壁变硬、变厚，从而加速动脉硬化，增加冠状动脉阻塞的风险。如果没有得到有效控制，高血压会 增加心脏负担，诱发心脏病。 2.高血脂：高血脂，尤其是高胆固醇和高甘油三酯，是引发冠心病的一个重要因素。血液中的低密度脂 蛋白会在血管壁上积累，形成斑块，这些斑块可能导致血管狭窄，甚至完全堵塞血管，导致心肌缺血或 心脏病发作。 3.吸烟：吸烟会直接损害血管内壁，加速动脉硬化 ...

撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 众所周知， 肥胖 会损害多个器官的功能，但其对 肠道再生 的影响，目前仍不明确。 2026 年 1 月 8 日，四川大学华西医院 陈海洋 教授团队 在 Nature 子刊 Nature Metabolism 上发表了题为： Obesity impairs gut repair via AFABP- mediated iron overload in intestinal stem cells 的研究论文。 该研究表明， 肥胖 会导致 AFABP 蛋白水平升高，而 AFABP 通过与血浆转铁蛋白结合，导致 肠道干细胞 （ISC） 中铁过载，损害肠道干细胞的分化和肠道损 伤后的修复。 这些研究结果揭示了 肥胖 与 肠道修复 之间的机制联系，并确定了脂肪组织-肠道信号轴是肥胖相关肠道疾病的治疗新靶点。 值得注意的是，研究团队证实，在瘦小鼠的脂肪细胞中过表达 AFABP 会阻碍肠道干细胞 （ISC） 的分化以及肠道修复。相反，减少 AFABP 含量或给予 AFABP 抑制剂、铁螯合剂或过氧化物酶体激活剂，则能够有效减轻肥胖小鼠的结肠炎。 总的来说，这些研究结果揭示了肥胖与肠道修 ...

急诊医生接诊后，初步判断为脑血管意外，迅速完善头颅CT检查，结果显示小苏的基底节脑出血，出 血量超过50ml，已经形成脑疝，情况万分危急！急诊科当即启动绿色通道，将小苏紧急转诊至神经外 科。 该院神经外科关靖宇主任接诊后发现"患者血压飙到200/110mmHg，远超正常范围，再加上体重超过200 斤，血管负担极大，必须立刻手术清除血肿，否则脑疝会进一步加重，危及生命！"关主任结合检查结 果以及家属的描述，很快锁定关键病因：小苏长期不监测血压，日常高油高盐饮食、冬季缺乏运动导致 肥胖，这些因素叠加冬季低温刺激，让血管剧烈收缩，最终引发血管突发破裂。 由于小苏体重超标，给手术带来了不小的挑战。"患者颈部脂肪堆积明显，气管插管难度增加；术中体 位摆放、消毒范围控制都比普通患者复杂，且肥胖者术后感染、压疮的风险也更高。"关主任带领团队 迅速制定个性化手术方案，经过2个多小时的紧张手术，成功清除颅内血肿，解除了脑疝压迫。 术后小苏被转入神经外科重症监护室观察，在医护团队的精心照料下，他很快恢复意识，转入普通病房 进行康复治疗。回忆起发病经历，小苏满是懊悔："我平时根本不量血压，顿顿离不开红烧肉、炸串， 体重也没在意，总 ...

Core Viewpoint - The relationship between fatty liver and obesity is closely intertwined, with obesity being a significant risk factor for the development of fatty liver disease, and fatty liver potentially exacerbating obesity issues [1][2][6]. Group 1: Relationship Between Fatty Liver and Obesity - Fatty liver occurs when excess fat accumulates in the liver, exceeding 5% of its weight, and is often linked to non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) [1]. - Obese individuals have a significantly higher probability of developing fatty liver due to excess energy intake being stored as fat, which can invade the liver [1]. - The accumulation of fat in the liver can disrupt its metabolic functions, creating a vicious cycle where obesity leads to fatty liver, which in turn worsens obesity [1][6]. Group 2: Potential Hazards of Obesity-Related Fatty Liver - Fatty liver can progressively damage liver function, potentially leading to conditions such as fatty liver inflammation, liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer if not addressed [2]. - Obesity-related fatty liver is often associated with other metabolic diseases, increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease and stroke [2]. Group 3: Key Strategies for Healthy Weight Loss - A balanced diet is crucial for weight loss and liver health, with recommendations to reduce daily caloric intake by 300-500 kilocalories to achieve a healthy weight loss of 0.5-1 kilogram per week [3]. - Regular physical activity, including at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise weekly, is essential for burning excess fat and improving liver health [4]. - Establishing good lifestyle habits, such as ensuring adequate sleep (7-8 hours), avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol consumption, and managing stress, is vital for effective weight management and liver health [5]. Group 4: Seeking Professional Help - If lifestyle changes do not lead to significant weight loss or if fatty liver conditions worsen, it is important to seek professional medical advice for personalized treatment plans [5].

以下文章来源于肥胖世界ObesityWorld ，作者肥胖世界 肥胖世界ObesityWorld . 《肥胖世界》Obesity World - 同步传真肥胖及代谢国际新学术进展，为医学减重临床、教研人员搭建一座与国际接轨的桥梁，「每医健」旗下内容平台。 我们首次报道了小鼠ob基因及其人类同源基因的克隆和序列分析。ob基因编码一条4.5kb的脂肪组织信使RNA，包含一个高度保守的167个氨 基酸开放读码框（ORF）。预测的氨基酸序列在人和小鼠之间有84%的一致性，并具备分泌蛋白的特征。在C57BL/6J ob/ob小鼠品系中，发现 了一个使ob基因mRNA表达量升高20倍的无义突变。而在SM/Ckc+[^Dac]ob[^2J]/ob[^2J]品系中，ob RNA的合成则完全缺失。这些结果提 示，ob基因产物是脂肪组织信号通路的一部分，调节着脂肪库的大小。进行哺乳动物突变基因定位克隆时，需先建立遗传和物理图谱，随后分 离基因并检测突变。本文通过这一方法，成功确认了ob基因。 肥胖一直是科学讨论的焦点。早在1783年，Lavoisier和Laplace就提出，能量平衡——即食物摄入与能量消耗——是由生理过程调控的 ...

Core Viewpoint - The increasing consumption of sugar-free beverages, often perceived as a healthier choice, is linked to rising health risks, including diabetes and accelerated brain aging. Group 1: Health Risks of Sugar-Free Beverages - Regular consumption of sugar-free drinks is associated with a 38% increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes compared to those who rarely consume them [1] - Drinking artificial sweetener beverages daily can lead to a 21% increase in obesity risk and a 15% increase in type 2 diabetes risk [4] - A study indicates that daily consumption of sugar-free soda can accelerate brain aging by 1.6 years [2] Group 2: Mechanisms and Recommendations - Artificial sweeteners may disrupt the body's metabolic processes, leading to increased cravings for sweet foods and poor dietary choices [5] - The World Health Organization advises against using non-sugar sweeteners for weight control or reducing non-communicable disease risks [3] - For individuals with cardiovascular disease history, caution is advised with sugar alcohols, particularly xylitol and erythritol, due to potential risks [6] Group 3: General Dietary Recommendations - The recommended daily limit for added sugars is no more than 50 grams, ideally below 25 grams, which includes sugars from beverages and other food sources [6] - Healthier alternatives to sugar-free beverages include water, unsweetened tea, and coffee [6]

肥胖世界ObesityWorld . 《肥胖世界》Obesity World - 同步传真肥胖及代谢国际新学术进展，为医学减重临床、教研人员搭建一座与国际接轨的桥梁，「每医健」旗下内容平台。 以下文章来源于肥胖世界ObesityWorld ，作者欢迎订阅 研究人员通过敲除小鼠交感神经中的NPY后发现，小鼠的棕色脂肪会变"白"，产热能力明显下降，能量消耗也随之减少。即便小鼠只吃普通鼠 粮，也会变得特别容易发胖。 有时候我们在影视剧中会看到那种极其复杂的人物角色，他们既有黑暗的一面，也会做出善良的举动，坏事和好事都实打实地做过，让观众对 他们又爱又恨、充满矛盾。 其实，人体内的细胞和各种信号分子有时也像这样"双面"，在不同的时间和部位会展现出完全不同的功能，这种变化常常让科学家们感到困 惑。 今天，《自然》杂志发表了牛津大学科学家团队的一项新成果：他们发现，原本被认为在大脑中负责"刺激食欲"的神经肽Y（NPY），在身体 外围的脂肪组织交感神经里，竟然有助于维持棕色脂肪的产热能力。 这表明，NPY对体重的调控远比想象中复杂，并不仅仅通过影响食欲来发挥作用。 一边让我们多吃，一边又帮我们消耗热量，NPY的"分裂"属性 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the health implications of going to bed hungry, highlighting that it can lead to an "energy crisis" in the body, affecting sleep quality and increasing cortisol levels, which may contribute to weight gain [6][7]. Group 1: Health Implications of Hunger - Going to bed hungry can trigger sympathetic nervous system responses, leading to increased heart rate and blood pressure, which negatively impacts sleep quality [6]. - Hunger increases cortisol secretion, a stress hormone that can lead to heightened appetite and fat accumulation, particularly in the abdominal area [6]. Group 2: Consequences of Poor Sleep and Eating Habits - A cycle can develop where hunger leads to poor sleep, resulting in fatigue and increased hunger the next day, which may lead to binge eating and deteriorating health [7]. - Eating late-night snacks, especially high-sugar and high-fat foods, can disrupt deep sleep and cause significant blood sugar fluctuations [9]. Group 3: Recommendations for Healthy Eating Before Sleep - To balance health and sleep, it is suggested to consume light, easily digestible foods if hungry, such as warm milk, unsweetened yogurt, oatmeal, bananas, or almonds [10]. - It is recommended to finish eating 1 to 2 hours before bedtime, with a portion size of 100-150 kilocalories to alleviate hunger without burdening the body or sleep [10].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the urgent need for a national initiative to combat obesity in China, highlighting the launch of a three-year "Weight Management Year" action plan in response to rising obesity rates and associated health risks [5][22]. Obesity Status - China is facing an unprecedented obesity crisis, with adult overweight rates reaching 34.3% and obesity rates at 16.4% as of 2018, marking increases of 50.4% and 130.9% respectively since 2002 [9]. - The obesity rates among children and adolescents are alarming, with overweight rates at 11.1% and obesity rates at 7.9% for ages 6-17, and a 10.4% obesity rate for children under 6 [9]. - Projections indicate that by 2030, adult overweight and obesity rates could exceed 70%, while rates for children and adolescents may reach 31.8%, particularly in rural areas [9]. Disease Burden Associated with Obesity - Obesity is a significant risk factor for various chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and certain cancers [11]. - Individuals with obesity are 3 to 7 times more likely to develop diabetes compared to those with normal weight, with hypertension and hyperlipidemia rates being 2.8 times and 2.3 times higher, respectively [11]. - The economic burden of obesity-related healthcare costs exceeds 200 billion yuan annually, accounting for 12% of total chronic disease expenditures [13]. Weight Management Action Plan - The "Weight Management Year" initiative aims to enhance public awareness and skills related to weight management, targeting a 10% annual reduction in obesity rates by 2026 [22]. - By 2030, the plan seeks to establish a supportive environment for weight management, promote healthy lifestyles, and reduce the upward trend of overweight and obesity in the population [22].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the benefits of GLP-1 medications, particularly for the elderly, highlighting that weight loss can significantly improve mobility, balance, and overall health, potentially allowing older adults to live more independently [2][6]. Group 1: Benefits of GLP-1 Medications for the Elderly - A significant portion of the elderly population is not utilizing GLP-1 medications, with only 9% of those aged 65 and older reporting usage compared to 19% in the 50-64 age group [4]. - Weight loss from GLP-1 medications can enhance mobility and reduce the need for assistive devices like wheelchairs or canes, as evidenced by patients who have experienced improved conditions post-weight loss [6][7]. - The reduction in weight can alleviate joint stress, with each pound lost equating to a reduction of 2 to 4 pounds of pressure on the joints, thus improving flexibility and reducing pain [6]. Group 2: Medical Considerations and Treatment Approaches - Physicians recommend a comprehensive approach for elderly patients, including consultations with nutritionists and physical rehabilitation to ensure safe engagement in physical activities [5]. - Dosage adjustments for GLP-1 medications may be necessary for elderly patients who are on multiple medications, ensuring safety and efficacy [5]. Group 3: Mechanism of Action of GLP-1 Medications - GLP-1 medications, such as semaglutide, mimic the hormone GLP-1, which helps lower blood sugar and promotes a feeling of fullness, thus aiding in weight management [9][11]. - These medications not only suppress appetite but also alter the body's metabolic response to food intake, indicating that obesity is a complex metabolic disease rather than merely a behavioral issue [11].