特朗普政府对华发起"301调查"，并征收高额关税，不仅违背其宣称的"支持多边主义"承诺，更凸显美国对华贸易政策的延续性：即通过单边 施压解决自身竞争力问题。 一、美方执意挑衅，中方被迫亮剑 10月14日，美国将对部分中国船舶征收港口费，这是美方基于4月17日发布的"301调查"最终措施所采取的实质性行动。面对这一单边主义行 为，中国商务部新闻发言人最新回应中明确指出：中方的反制是"必要的被动防御行为"。短短八字，背后是中方在长期忍耐、多次沟通无果后 的坚决反击。 "被动防御"这一措辞在外交辞令中极为罕见。它清晰传递了三个信号：第一，中方不主动寻求对抗；第二，美方是矛盾的发起者；第三，中方 已退无可退，反制是唯一选择。这种直白表述，与以往"强烈不满""严正交涉"等常规用语形成鲜明对比，显示出中方对美方顽固态度的失望与 警示。 二、301调查：美式霸凌的"旧瓶装旧酒" 美方此次援引的"301条款"，是典型的单边主义工具。该条款源自美国1974年贸易法，允许美国政府对外国"不合理"贸易行为进行调查并单边 制裁。它绕开WTO多边争端解决机制，自成法官、陪审团与执法者。 具体到本次调查，美方指责中国在海事、物流和造船业 ...

Core Points - The USTR announced modifications based on public comments received regarding the 301 investigation into China's maritime, logistics, and shipbuilding sectors, reflecting consultations with petitioners and advisory committees [1][2] - Key modifications include changes to service fee calculations for foreign-built vehicle transport vessels, the removal of a clause allowing LNG export license suspensions, and the imposition of 100% tariffs on certain shore cranes and cargo handling equipment [1] - Further proposed modifications include fee exemptions for certain long-term leased ethane and LPG transport vessels and additional tariffs of up to 150% on specific cargo handling equipment and parts [1] Group 1 - The USTR's modifications are a response to public input and consultations, indicating a structured approach to the 301 investigation [1] - The changes in service fees and tariffs are expected to impact various sectors, including cranes and chassis, with previous considerations for container tariffs being dropped [2] - The USTR's actions have faced significant opposition from various industry representatives and the Chinese government, highlighting tensions in trade relations [2][3] Group 2 - The Chinese government has expressed strong dissatisfaction with the USTR's measures, labeling them as unilateral and protectionist, which disrupts global supply chains and violates WTO rules [2][3] - China urges the U.S. to adhere to multilateral trade rules and correct its actions, indicating potential retaliatory measures to protect its interests [3]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) announced modifications to measures aimed at restoring the U.S. shipbuilding industry, reflecting public feedback and consultations with petitioners and advisory committees [3][4]. Group 1: Modifications to Measures - The USTR has changed the calculation basis for service fees of foreign-built vehicle transport vessels to $46 per net ton, effective from October 14, 2025 [3]. - A clause allowing the suspension of LNG export licenses without meeting certain restrictions on foreign-built vessels has been removed, retroactive to April 17, 2025 [3]. - A 100% tariff will be imposed on certain shore cranes and cargo handling equipment [3]. Group 2: Proposed Further Modifications - The USTR proposed additional modifications, including fee exemptions for certain long-term leased ethane and LPG transport vessels [4]. - Additional tariffs of up to 150% will be levied on certain cargo handling equipment, such as rubber-tired gantry cranes and their components [4]. - The deadline for submitting written comments on the proposed modifications is set for November 12, 2025 [5]. Group 3: Industry Reactions - A senior logistics industry professional indicated that the USTR's Section 301 investigation was initiated over a year ago by domestic companies and is now progressing through the necessary processes [5]. - The USTR's measures are expected to impact cranes and frames, although previous considerations for container tariffs have been abandoned [6]. - The Chinese Ministry of Commerce expressed strong dissatisfaction and opposition to the U.S. measures, labeling them as unilateral and protectionist, which disrupts global supply chains and violates WTO rules [6].

交通运输部在公告中称，2025年4月17日，美国贸易代表办公室发布关于对中国海事、物流及造船业301 调查措施。自2025年10月14日起，将对中国企业拥有或经营的船舶、中国籍船舶及中国造船舶加收港口 服务费，严重违背了国际贸易相关原则和中美海运协定，对中美间海运贸易造成严重破坏。 根据《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》等法律法规和国际法基本原则，经国务院批准，自2025年10月14 日起，对美国的企业、其他组织和个人拥有船舶所有权的船舶；美国的企业、其他组织和个人运营的船 舶；美国的企业、其他组织和个人直接或间接持有25%及以上股权（表决权、董事会席位）的企业、其 他组织拥有或运营的船舶；悬挂美国旗的船舶；在美国建造的船舶，由船舶挂靠港口所在地海事管理机 构负责收取船舶特别港务费。 具体而言，对上述船舶，按航次计收船舶特别港务费，分阶段实施。自2025年10月14日起靠泊中国港口 的，按每净吨400元人民币计收；自2026年4月17日起靠泊中国港口的，按每净吨640元人民币计收；自 2027年4月17日起靠泊中国港口的，按每净吨880元人民币计收；自2028年4月17日起靠泊中国港口的， 按每净吨1120元人民 ...

专访中，萨克斯指出，美国政策的随意性与中国政策的系统规划，形成了鲜明对比。他表示，美国总统特朗普及其政府的 政策非常不稳定。而中国的行事方式则完全不同，中国有长期和非常系统的规划。他希望美国能够真正转向长远思维，与 中国开展外交互动和谈判，而不是奉行单边主义和随意行事的做法。 由于对美国霸权的批评以及对中国发展和治理模式的支持，萨克斯在西方陷入负面评价。对此，他表示，他的工作是清晰 阐释观点，而非迎合舆论。 今年3月，美国哥伦比亚大学经济学教授、可持续发展中心主任杰弗里·萨克斯在海南博鳌接受《高端访谈》专访。 ...

Core Points - The G20 Trade and Investment Ministers' Meeting took place in Gqeberha, South Africa, on October 10, focusing on trade, inclusive growth, and global challenges [1] - Key discussions included promoting green industrialization, sustainable trade investment frameworks, and WTO reforms [1] - The meeting resulted in the issuance of the G20 Trade and Investment Ministers' Declaration and the Chair's Summary, setting the stage for the upcoming G20 Leaders' Summit in November [1] Group 1 - China expressed strong support for multilateralism and announced it would not seek new special and differential treatment in current and future WTO negotiations, demonstrating its commitment as a responsible developing country [1] - The G20 is recognized for its significant contributions to global trade and investment development, emphasizing the need for better utilization of the G20 trade investment mechanism to address global challenges through open cooperation [1] - China aims to contribute to global economic growth while advancing its own development, advocating for support of the multilateral trading system and free trade to counter unilateralism and protectionism [1] Group 2 - During the meeting, China’s representative held discussions with several heads of delegations and leaders of international organizations, including the Director-General of the WTO [2]

10月10日，二十国集团（G20）贸易投资部长会议在南非格贝哈举行。G20成员及嘉宾国贸易部长或代 表，世贸组织、联合国贸发会议、经合组织等国际组织代表参会。商务部国际贸易谈判代表兼副部长李 成钢出席会议并发言。 本次会议主要围绕"贸易与包容性增长和应对全球挑战原则""促进绿色工业化和可持续发展的贸易投资 框架""世贸组织改革和发展维度"等议题展开讨论。会议发表《G20贸易投资部长声明》和《主席总 结》，为11月G20领导人峰会做了经贸准备。 李成钢表示，中国在推动自身发展的同时，积极为全球经济增长贡献力量。各方应支持多边贸易体制和 自由贸易，应对单边主义和保护主义挑战，克制使用贸易限制措施，消除绿色贸易壁垒，发挥各自比较 优势共同支持发展中国家，为绿色工业化和可持续发展提供动力。 会议期间，李成钢还与多位代表团团长及世贸组织总干事等国际组织负责人分别举行会见会谈。 （文章来源：商务部网站） 李成钢指出，中方坚定支持多边主义，提出全球治理倡议，宣布在世贸组织当前和未来谈判中不寻求新 的特殊和差别待遇，以实际行动展现负责任发展中大国的担当。G20为全球贸易投资发展作出了重要贡 献，应当更好发挥G20贸易投资机制 ...

【环球时报综合报道】中国交通运输部10日宣布，自10月14日起，将对美国船舶按航次收取港口费用。 交通运输部新闻发言人10日就这一措施答记者问时提到，今年4月，美国贸易代表办公室宣布对中国海 事、物流和造船领域301调查最终措施。这是中方维护中国海运企业合法权益的正当举措，敦促美方立 即纠正错误做法，停止对中国海运业的无理打压。 外媒在报道这则消息时纷纷提到，美国针对中国船舶加收港口服务费的措施也将于10月14日生效。中国 交通运输部发言人10日表示，美国的做法罔顾事实，充分暴露出其单边主义、保护主义本质，具有明显 的歧视性色彩，严重损害中国海运业的正当利益，严重扰乱全球供应链稳定，严重破坏国际经贸秩序。 中方将对美国错误做法依法坚决采取反制措施，推动构建公平正义的国际海运市场秩序，维护国际物流 供应链安全稳定。 中央财经大学国际经济与贸易学院副教授刘春生10日在接受《环球时报》记者采访时表示，中方对美国 船舶加收特别港务费，是对美方歧视性港口费的对等反制。这一措施依据中国国内法规和国际法对等原 则，旨在维护自身海运业的正当权益，其正当性源于美方率先采取的单边保护主义行动。此举是对美方 错误行为的必要回应。（ ...

Core Viewpoint - The announcement by the U.S. Customs and Border Protection marks a significant escalation in the geopolitical tensions between the U.S. and China, extending competition from technology and trade to logistics, with a new differentiated fee policy targeting Chinese vessels starting October 14 [1][3]. Group 1: U.S. Policy Details - The U.S. has implemented a tiered fee system, charging $50 per net ton for vessels owned or operated by Chinese companies, $18 per net ton or $120 per container for ships built in China, and a uniform fee for foreign car carriers, indicating a strategic intent to curb China's export of electric vehicles [1][3][7]. - The policy includes exemptions for liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers and allows shipowners who have ordered new vessels in the U.S. to receive up to three years of exemption, reflecting a complex balancing of interests [3][7]. Group 2: China's Response - China has proactively amended its International Shipping Regulations to include countermeasures against discriminatory restrictions, showcasing strategic foresight in the face of U.S. pressure [3][7]. - The Chinese response is characterized as a "systemic counterattack," preparing the groundwork for reciprocal measures such as imposing special fees and restricting U.S. vessels from entering ports [7][9]. Group 3: Long-term Implications - The U.S. fee strategy is seen as a precise attack on China's dual status as the largest shipbuilding and shipping nation, aiming to increase costs for Chinese shipyards and weaken their global competitiveness [7][9]. - Despite China's robust countermeasures, the impact will be gradual due to the inertia of the global shipping industry and the significant sunk costs associated with existing orders at Chinese shipyards [9][11]. - The potential annual loss of over $5 billion in U.S. agricultural exports due to increased port fees highlights the indirect effects of the U.S. policy, which may take time to translate into domestic political pressure [9][11]. Group 4: Strategic Landscape - The ongoing maritime competition is described as a "war of attrition," where the effectiveness of responses will depend on the strategic patience and industrial foundations of both nations [11][13]. - China's significant share in the global commercial shipbuilding market and its extensive port network provide a strong basis for its shipping industry, while the U.S. faces challenges due to the hollowing out of its shipbuilding sector [11][13].

新华财经北京10月10日电交通运输部新闻发言人就拟对美船舶收取船舶特别港务费答记者问。 问：中方宣布将对美船舶收取船舶特别港务费，有何考虑？ （文章来源：新华财经） 答：2025年4月，美国贸易代表办公室宣布了对中国海事、物流和造船领域301调查最终措施，10月14日 起，对中国公司拥有或运营的船舶、中国造船舶、中国籍船舶加收港口服务费。美国的做法罔顾事实， 充分暴露出其单边主义、保护主义本质，具有明显的歧视性色彩，严重损害中国海运业的正当利益，严 重扰乱全球供应链稳定，严重破坏国际经贸秩序。中方将对美国错误做法依法坚决采取反制措施，推动 构建公平正义的国际海运市场秩序，维护国际物流供应链安全稳定。 根据《中华人民共和国国际海运条例》，我部发布《关于对美船舶收取船舶特别港务费的公告》，决定 将于10月14日起对涉美船舶收取船舶特别港务费，这是我们维护中国海运企业合法权益的正当举措。我 们敦促美方立即纠正错误做法，停止对中国海运业的无理打压。 ...