Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the impending trade tensions between the United States and the European Union, highlighting the potential for increased tariffs and the urgency for both parties to reach a trade agreement before the August 1 deadline [1][2][4]. Group 1: Tariff Developments - The U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Wilbur Ross, announced that the U.S. will not extend the tariff deadline set for August 1 [2]. - The EU plans to impose tariffs on nearly €100 billion worth of U.S. goods if a satisfactory trade agreement is not reached by the deadline [1][2]. - The EU's initial response includes merging two lists of U.S. goods worth €210 billion and €720 billion for potential tariffs, which could take effect on August 7 [2][3]. Group 2: Trade Negotiations - EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen is scheduled to meet with U.S. President Trump to discuss a trade agreement, with Trump suggesting a 50% chance of reaching a deal [1][4]. - The proposed agreement may involve a 15% baseline tariff on most EU goods, which is seen as better than the threatened 30% tariff [5]. - Over 70% of EU export goods are currently facing U.S. tariffs, with steel and aluminum at 50%, and automotive products at 25% [4]. Group 3: Economic Implications - The uncertainty surrounding the trade negotiations has led to a pause in interest rate cuts by the European Central Bank, which is concerned about the impact of U.S. tariffs on the Eurozone economy [6]. - The ECB's current economic outlook is described as "exceptionally uncertain," primarily due to the unclear future of U.S.-EU trade talks [6]. - Analysts suggest that the tariffs could trigger further rate cuts or impact the Eurozone's export structure, leading to inflationary pressures [6]. Group 4: Broader Trade Context - Since July 9, the U.S. has only finalized trade agreements with a few countries, including Japan, the Philippines, and Indonesia, while negotiations with the EU and others remain challenging [7][8]. - Trump indicated that most agreements would be finalized by August 1, with potential tariffs ranging from 10% to 50% on various countries [8].

Group 1 - The U.S. Secretary of Commerce, Wilbur Ross, announced that the deadline for imposing additional tariffs on August 1 will not be extended, indicating a firm stance from the U.S. government [1] - The negotiations between the U.S. and the EU aim to open European markets for U.S. exports, with the key issue being whether the EU's proposed agreement is sufficient to persuade President Trump to abandon the 30% tariff threat [1] - The EU has warned that if a satisfactory trade agreement is not reached before the August 1 deadline, it will implement countermeasures against U.S. tariffs, with potential measures set to take effect on August 7 [1] Group 2 - In 2024, the total goods trade between the U.S. and the EU is projected to be approximately $975.9 billion, which is higher than trade with any other single economy [2] - The U.S. trade deficit with the EU for goods in 2024 is expected to be $235.6 billion, reflecting a 12.9% increase from the previous year [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the impending trade negotiations between the United States and the European Union, highlighting the potential for new tariffs and the urgency for both parties to reach an agreement before the August 1 deadline [1][2]. Group 1: Trade Negotiations - U.S. Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross stated that the deadline for imposing new tariffs on August 1 will not be extended [1] - The goal of the negotiations is for the EU to open its markets to U.S. exports, with the adequacy of the EU's proposals being a critical factor for President Trump's decision on tariffs [2] - If a satisfactory trade agreement is not reached by August 1, the EU has indicated it will implement countermeasures against U.S. tariffs starting August 7 [2] Group 2: Tariff Implications - President Trump announced a 30% tariff on EU goods starting August 1, citing significant trade imbalances as the reason [2] - The EU has postponed its planned countermeasures to allow for further negotiations, but remains prepared to act if no agreement is reached [2] Group 3: Trade Data - In 2024, the total trade in goods between the U.S. and the EU is projected to be approximately $975.9 billion, with a trade deficit of $235.6 billion for the U.S., representing a 12.9% increase from the previous year [3]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. will not extend the tariff deadline of August 1, and negotiations with the EU are crucial for avoiding a trade conflict [1] Group 1 - U.S. Secretary of Commerce Ross stated that the goal of negotiations with the EU is to open European markets for U.S. exports [1] - The adequacy of the agreement offered by the EU is in question, as it needs to be compelling enough for President Trump to abandon the 30% tariff threat [1] - European leaders have indicated that if a satisfactory trade agreement is not reached before the August 1 deadline, the EU will implement countermeasures against U.S. tariffs [1] Group 2 - The EU Commission spokesperson stated that if negotiations fail, countermeasures will take effect on August 7 [1]

Report Industry Investment Rating - The rating for the US dollar is "Oscillation" [5] Core Viewpoints of the Report - The market risk appetite remains high, with most stock markets rising, and most bond yields increasing. The US Treasury yield slightly dropped to 4.39%. The US dollar index fell 0.85% to 97.6, and most non - US currencies appreciated. Gold prices dropped 0.4% to $3337 per ounce, the VIX index dropped to 14.9, the spot commodity index rose, and Brent crude oil dropped 2.4% to $69.4 per barrel [1][5][9] - The US economic data is mixed but still shows some resilience. The Fed is expected to keep rates unchanged in July, but internal differences are increasing. The ECB also kept rates unchanged in July, and the market's expectation of an ECB rate cut this year has decreased [2][11] - The short - term market risk appetite will continue to be relatively optimistic, and the US dollar index will maintain an oscillating trend in the short term with continued downward pressure in the medium term [37] Summary by Relevant Catalogs 1. Global Market Overview This Week - Market risk appetite is high, most stock markets rise, most bond yields increase, and the US Treasury yield slightly drops to 4.39%. The US dollar index falls 0.85% to 97.6, most non - US currencies appreciate, gold prices drop 0.4% to $3337 per ounce, the VIX index drops to 14.9, the spot commodity index rises, and Brent crude oil drops 2.4% to $69.4 per barrel [1][5][9] 2. Market Trading Logic and Asset Performance 2.1 Stock Market - Global stock markets mostly rise. The S&P 500 index rises 1.46%, the Shanghai Composite Index rises 1.67%, the Hang Seng Index rises 2.27%, and the Nikkei 225 index rises 4.11%. The US economic data is mixed, the Fed is expected to keep rates unchanged in July but with internal differences, and the ECB also keeps rates unchanged [10][11] - The domestic stock market sentiment is high, the Shanghai Composite Index breaks through 3600 points, and the market style rotates rapidly [13] 2.2 Bond Market - Global bond yields mostly rise, and the 10 - year US Treasury yield slightly drops to 4.39%. Eurozone government bonds mostly rise, and emerging - market bond yields mostly recover. The US economic data is okay, the ECB pauses rate cuts, and bond yields still have room to rise [14][18][20] - The 10 - year Chinese government bond yield rises to 1.739%, the Sino - US interest rate spread inversion narrows to 264bp, and the domestic bond market shows a significant correction [22] 2.3 Foreign Exchange Market - The US dollar index falls 0.85% to 97.6, and most non - US currencies appreciate. Offshore RMB rises 0.19%, the euro rises 0.98%, the pound rises 0.16%, the yen rises 0.75%, the Swiss franc rises 0.74%, the Mexican peso rises 1.07%, and the Korean won, Australian dollar, New Zealand dollar, and ringgit all rise [27][29][30] 2.4 Commodity Market - Spot gold drops 0.4% to $3337 per ounce. After the US - Japan agreement, the market expects the US - EU agreement to be reached. The US economic data supports the Fed to continue pausing rate cuts, and the ECB also pauses rate cuts in July. Gold should beware of correction risks [31][33][34] - Brent crude oil drops 2.4% to $69.4 per barrel. The crude oil supply - demand pattern is weak, and the spot commodity index rises, but the market starts to fluctuate sharply on Friday [34] 3. Hotspot Tracking - The US - Japan trade agreement is reached. The US will impose a 15% tariff on Japanese imports, lower than the previously threatened 25% level. Japan needs to invest $550 billion in the US, with 90% of the profits going to the US [3][35][36] 4. Next Week's Important Event Reminders - From July 27th to 30th, there will be high - level China - US trade negotiations in Sweden. There are also important economic data releases such as the US 5 - month housing price index, 6 - month job vacancies, and 7 - month consumer confidence. The Fed and the BoJ will announce their July interest - rate meeting decisions, and the US will release its 7 - month non - farm payroll report [38]

证券研究报告 宏观周报 / 2025.07.27 分析师 陈兴 SAC 证书编号：S0160523030002 chenxing@ctsec.com 联系人 马乐怡 maly@ctsec.com 相关报告 1. 《美国消费仍具韧性——全球经济观察 第 4 期》 2025-07-19 2. 《美国低招聘、低裁员——全球经济观察 第 3 期》 2025-07-12 3. 《国债收益率普遍上行——全球经济观 察第 2 期》 2025-07-05 4. 《美国降息预期升温——全球经济观察 第 1 期》 2025-06-28 核心观点 ❖ 全球资产价格：日经领涨全球股市。股市方面，本周全球主要股市多数上 涨，受日美达成贸易关税协议提振，日经 225 较上周上涨 4.1%，领涨全球 股市。美股三大指数均有所上涨。债市方面，本周主要国债收益率涨跌互现， 10 年期美债收益率较上周下行 4bp。商品方面，本周油价有所走低，主因欧 美贸易协议谈判僵持，引发原油需求前景担忧。汇率方面，美元指数回落 0.8%。 请阅读最后一页的重要声明！ 美国投资或转弱 ——全球经济观察第 5 期 ❖ 主要央行货币政策：欧央行保持利率不变。美联储 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that the U.S. will not consider trade agreements with Thailand and Cambodia until the border conflict between the two countries is resolved [1][3]. - President Trump expressed that both countries must end their conflict for the U.S. to engage in trade negotiations, indicating a willingness to return to the "trade negotiation table" once peace is established [3][5]. - Thailand's Deputy Prime Minister confirmed the country's principle agreement to a ceasefire and expressed a desire for bilateral talks to establish clear ceasefire measures [5][6]. Group 2 - Cambodia's Prime Minister agreed to the proposal for an immediate and unconditional ceasefire, indicating prior communication with Malaysia regarding this stance [6][7]. - The ongoing border conflict has resulted in significant casualties, with reports indicating over 100 people injured and more than 100,000 civilians displaced [10]. - The conflict has escalated, with Thailand's military conducting airstrikes against Cambodian military targets, leading to further casualties, including 20 deaths reported from the Thai side [11].

Group 1 - The core agreement between the US and Japan involves a 15% tariff on Japanese imports, with a total investment commitment of $550 billion from Japan to the US [2][4] - The agreement includes a 12.5% tariff on Japanese automobiles, in addition to a previous 2.5% tariff, totaling 15%, while steel and aluminum tariffs remain at 50% [2][4] - There are ongoing disputes regarding the details of the agreement, particularly concerning the implementation date of the 15% tariff and the interpretation of the $550 billion investment [4][5] Group 2 - Japan plans to increase its import of US rice by 75%, which will raise the total import volume to approximately 600,000 tons, while maintaining a minimum market access quota [6] - The agreement also includes significant commitments in agriculture, energy, manufacturing, and aerospace, with Japan agreeing to purchase $8 billion worth of US goods [5][6] - The Japanese government emphasizes that the increase in rice imports will not harm domestic farmers, despite concerns about the impact on local agriculture [6] Group 3 - South Korea is under pressure to negotiate a similar agreement with the US, especially in light of the recent US-Japan deal [7][8] - The new South Korean government is considering leveraging a planned investment of over $100 billion by Korean companies in the US as a bargaining chip in trade negotiations [7][8] - If South Korea fails to reach a new agreement before the August 1 deadline, a 25% tariff could severely impact its industries, particularly in sectors like semiconductors and automobiles [8][9]

Core Points - The trade negotiations between the EU and the US have intensified as the August 1 deadline approaches, with key disagreements remaining on tariffs for steel, automobiles, and pharmaceuticals [1][2] - The EU aims to establish a 15% tariff ceiling for sensitive industries, including pharmaceuticals, which is a critical point for potential compromise [1][2] - The current proposal includes a quota system for steel and aluminum imports, where products within the quota benefit from lower tariffs, while exceeding the quota incurs a 50% tariff [2][3] Group 1 - The US and EU bilateral trade relationship reached €1.6 trillion in 2023, making it one of the largest trade relationships globally [3] - The US has imposed additional tariffs of 10% on EU products, 25% on automobiles, and 50% on steel and aluminum [3] - The Trump administration has initiated new investigations into chips, pharmaceuticals, and aircraft parts, potentially expanding the scope of tariffs [3] Group 2 - Both parties are aiming to finalize an agreement before the August 1 deadline, or else the US plans to impose a 30% tariff on EU imports [4] - The EU is preparing retaliatory tariffs on nearly €100 billion worth of US products if negotiations fail [4] - The outcome of the negotiations heavily depends on President Trump's decisions, highlighting the uncertainty surrounding the final agreement [4]

Group 1: Trade Negotiations - The trade negotiations between the US and the EU have reached a critical moment, with EU Commission President Ursula von der Leyen set to meet President Trump to discuss trade issues [1][2] - Both sides are cautiously optimistic about reaching a framework agreement, despite ongoing intense discussions regarding tariffs on EU steel, automobiles, and pharmaceutical products [2][22] Group 2: Puma's Financial Performance - Puma has warned of expected losses this year due to weak sales and the impact of US tariffs, leading to a significant drop in its stock price, which fell over 19% on July 25 [4][5] - The company's second-quarter sales were reported at €1.94 billion (approximately ¥16.3 billion), falling short of analyst expectations, with North American sales down 9.1% and European sales down 3.9% [6] - Puma has revised its full-year sales forecast to a "low double-digit percentage" decline (approximately 10%-13%), compared to a previous expectation of low single-digit growth (around 3%-6%) [8] Group 3: Impact of Tariffs - The company anticipates that tariffs will negatively impact its gross profit by approximately €80 million (around ¥670 million) in 2025 [11] - Puma's new CEO acknowledged internal issues and emphasized the need for a comprehensive brand overhaul to address ongoing challenges [12] - The company has faced a cumulative stock price drop of over 53% since the beginning of the year due to a series of negative news [13] Group 4: Broader Industry Challenges - The ongoing geopolitical and macroeconomic uncertainties are expected to continue affecting the industry and Puma's performance significantly through 2025 [10][14] - The company previously indicated that the industry would likely see price increases due to tariffs, but noted that stronger brands in the US market would lead the price hikes [15][16]