1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - High - sulfur fuel oil: Supported by feedstock demand in October, with stable high - sulfur cracking and spot premiums. In the future, pay attention to Russia's supply and export under strengthened sanctions and the issuance of crude oil quotas. Feedstock demand may be affected [4][5]. - Low - sulfur fuel oil: Faced with continuous supply pressure in October, with declining spot premiums and cracking. The ARDS device maintenance of Al - Zour refinery brings short - term supply gaps, while the RFCC device maintenance of Dangote refinery is expected to increase supply. Pay attention to refinery device returns and export volume changes [4][5]. - Strategy recommendation: Short - term unilateral trading should be on the sidelines; for arbitrage, short the FU1 - 5 spread on rebounds and go long on low - sulfur internal - external spreads at low levels; no option strategy is recommended [6][59]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 First Part: Preface Summary 3.1.1 Market Review - High - sulfur fuel oil: Supported by feedstock demand from the US and China in October, with high - sulfur cracking fluctuating stably between - 4 and - 3 US dollars/barrel. Spot premiums oscillated at a medium - level. Supply from major regions increased slightly [4][10]. - Low - sulfur fuel oil: Suffered from continuous supply pressure in October, with spot premiums dropping by about 2.8 US dollars to - 2.6 US dollars/ton compared to the end of September. Cracking also declined by about 2.9 US dollars to 4.7 US dollars/barrel, at a low - level. There was no specific demand support [4][10]. 3.1.2 Market Outlook - High - sulfur fuel oil: Pay attention to Russia's supply and export under strengthened sanctions, which are expected to be less affected. The expected issuance of crude oil quotas may impact feedstock demand [5]. - Low - sulfur fuel oil: The ARDS device maintenance of Al - Zour refinery brings short - term supply gaps, while the RFCC device maintenance of Dangote refinery is expected to increase supply. Pay attention to refinery device returns and export volume changes [5]. 3.1.3 Strategy Recommendation - Unilateral: Short - term wait - and - see. - Arbitrage: Short the FU1 - 5 spread on rebounds. Go long on low - sulfur internal - external spreads at low levels. - Options: None [6] 3.2 Second Part: Fundamental Situation 3.2.1 Market Review - High - sulfur fuel oil: Supported by feedstock demand, cracking was stable. Supply from major regions increased, including Russia, Mexico, and the Middle East. Spot premiums were at a medium - level [10]. - Low - sulfur fuel oil: Supply pressure continued, with declining spot premiums and cracking. Dangote and Malay local refineries' device maintenance increased supply in the Singapore region, and there was no specific demand support [10]. 3.2.2 High - Sulfur Supply - Russia: Facing continuous attacks on energy facilities and intensified sanctions from the US, UK, and EU. Pay attention to supply and logistics changes after sanctions. Before sanctions, raw material exports increased, and exports in October were relatively stable [15][17]. - Mexico: Tula refinery's coking device reduced fuel oil production. Olmeca refinery's high - sulfur production is expected to decrease gradually. High - sulfur exports in October recovered to about 500,000 tons [20]. - Middle East: High - sulfur exports increased slightly after the decline in power - generation demand. In October, daily exports were about 150,000 tons, up 2% from September [25]. 3.2.3 High - Sulfur Demand - Marine fuel demand: Stable support, with marginal growth from the increasing number of desulfurization tower ships. In September 2025, high - sulfur marine fuel consumption in Singapore and Fujeirah increased [34]. - Feedstock demand: Supported in the short - term by the crude oil quota gap in the fourth quarter. Pay attention to the re - issuance of crude oil quotas and the impact of sanctions. China's fuel oil imports increased in September [37][39]. - Power - generation demand: Completely subsided in Egypt and the Middle East [41]. 3.2.4 Low - Sulfur Fuel Oil - South Sudan: Due to the trade ban between the UAE and Sudan, low - sulfur export logistics changed, with crude oil diverted to the Singapore region. The external tender volume did not decrease significantly [44]. - Al - Zour refinery: Production decreased in October, and the restart of desulfurization devices may be delayed. Exports increased in October, and the 2026 maintenance plan was postponed [47]. - Dangote refinery: The gasoline device resumed production at a 60% operating rate in October. Two batches of low - sulfur straight - run products were tendered during the device shutdown. Exports decreased slightly in October [48]. - China: The fourth - quarter bonded low - sulfur production is expected to decline slightly. Sinopec and PetroChina have sufficient quotas, while CNOOC is short of quotas. Sanctions may affect the production of some refineries [49][51]. 3.3 Third Part: Future Outlook and Strategy Recommendation - High - sulfur fuel oil: Pay attention to supply logistics changes after sanctions. Exports from Mexico and the Middle East are stable. Feedstock demand is supported in the short - term [59]. - Low - sulfur fuel oil: Spot premiums are oscillating at a low level. The low - sulfur production of Al - Zour refinery is affected. EU sanctions have little impact on domestic supply. Nigerian RFCC devices are running at a low load, and South Sudan's low - sulfur raw material logistics are changing. Marine fuel demand is stable [59]. - Strategy recommendation: Short - term unilateral trading should be on the sidelines; for arbitrage, short the FU1 - 5 spread on rebounds and go long on low - sulfur internal - external spreads at low levels; no option strategy is recommended [59].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - High - sulfur and low - sulfur fuel oils are both in a weak oscillation state, and the idea is to short on rebounds. Do not short high - sulfur cracking in the short term as it is supported by feedstock demand. Take profit on the FU1 - 5 backwardation spread. Adopt a wait - and - see approach for options [6]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Comprehensive Analysis and Trading Strategies - **Supply and Demand Analysis** - High - sulfur: Russian fuel oil exports increase despite energy facility attacks. Middle - East high - sulfur exports rise after the decline in power - generation demand, while Mexican high - sulfur exports are at a low level. The summer power - generation demand has completely subsided, but there is support for high - sulfur feedstock demand in the fourth quarter due to the approaching exhaustion of domestic refineries' crude oil quotas [4]. - Low - sulfur: There are medium - term disturbances in supply factors, but the near - end spot market remains weak with continuous decline in spot premiums. Nigerian RFCC device operation is unstable. There is an expected increase in the logistics of low - sulfur heavy - grade raw materials to the Pan - Singapore region. The Al - Zour refinery is expected to undergo maintenance in the first quarter of next year. In the Chinese market, Sinopec and PetroChina are expected to have sufficient quotas in the fourth quarter without increasing production, while CNOOC is expected to face quota shortages. Ship - fuel demand is stable without specific drivers [4]. - **Trading Strategies** - Unilateral: Short on rebounds for both high - sulfur and low - sulfur fuel oils. - Arbitrage: Do not short high - sulfur cracking in the short term. Take profit on the FU1 - 5 backwardation spread. - Options: Wait - and - see [6]. 3.2 Core Logic Analysis - **Supply - Side Analysis** - **Russia**: Despite continuous attacks on energy facilities, fuel oil exports increase. As of October 12, the four - week average of Russian port crude oil exports reached 3.74 million barrels per day, the highest since June 2023. In September, fuel oil exports reached a record high of 3.08 million tons, a month - on - month increase of 0.68 million tons (+28%). In contrast, refined - oil exports decreased. Some refineries have been attacked, affecting their processing capacity [9][10]. - **Mexico**: The Tula coking unit has been put into operation, increasing crude oil processing volume. The Olmeca refinery has been frequently adjusted and maintained in recent months, with expected increases in refined - oil output and a gradual reduction in high - sulfur output. In September, high - sulfur exports further declined to a record low of 330,000 tons, a month - on - month decrease of 190,000 tons (-36%) [15]. - **Middle East**: The US sanctions on Iran continue. As of October 17, exports were about 2.25 million tons, with a daily average of about 140,000 tons, similar to the September level. After the peak power - generation demand in the Middle East subsided, high - sulfur exports began to rise in July, reaching a peak of 5.26 million tons in August [20]. - **Demand - Side Analysis** - **High - sulfur**: Ship - fuel demand is stably supported, with the marginal increase coming from the stable growth in the number of desulfurization - tower - equipped ships. Power - generation demand has completely subsided, with a significant decline in imports in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. In the fourth quarter, there is support for high - sulfur feedstock demand due to the approaching exhaustion of domestic refineries' crude oil quotas [24][27][32]. - **Low - sulfur**: There are disturbances in supply factors, and the near - end spot market is weak. Ship - fuel demand is stable without specific drivers [4]. 3.3 Weekly Data Tracking - **Price and Spread Data** - Fuel oil spot prices, including Brent crude oil, HSFO380, LSFO, etc., are presented, along with various spreads such as HSFO380 - Brent, LSFO - GO, etc. [54][55][57][58][68] - High - sulfur fuel oil cross - region and cross - period spreads, and low - sulfur fuel oil cross - region and cross - variety spreads are also provided [60][67]. - **Inventory Data** - Inventory data for fuel oil in Singapore, ARA, Fujairah, Japan, the US, etc., are presented, along with inventory data for gasoline, diesel, and refined oil in Northwest Europe and the US Gulf [80][87][90]. - **Terminal Sales Data** - In September, Singapore's ship - fuel bunkering totaled 4.765 million tons, with high - sulfur ship - fuel bunkering at 1.916 million tons and low - sulfur ship - fuel bunkering at 2.422 million tons [93].

Report Industry Investment Rating - High-sulfur fuel oil: Cautiously bearish, short-term focus on the progress of China-US tariff negotiations [7] - Low-sulfur fuel oil: Cautiously bearish, short-term focus on the progress of China-US tariff negotiations [7] - Cross-variety: None [7] - Cross-period: None [7] - Spot-futures: None [7] - Options: None [7] Core Viewpoints - The fuel oil futures market is under pressure as the peak season ends, the crude oil fundamentals weaken, and macro risks increase. Both high-sulfur and low-sulfur fuel oil face challenges in supply, demand, and market structure [1]. - The supply of high-sulfur fuel oil may increase due to the easing of the Middle East situation and the release of OPEC's production capacity, while the supply of low-sulfur fuel oil has seen a recent increase but is expected to ease [2][3]. - The demand for fuel oil is affected by factors such as China-US trade frictions, the replacement of low-sulfur fuel oil in the marine fuel market, and the decline in power generation demand after summer [4]. - The inventory of fuel oil has increased in some regions, and the market structure of high-sulfur fuel oil has strengthened marginally, while that of low-sulfur fuel oil has weakened [5][6]. Summary by Relevant Catalogs Market Performance - This week, the fuel oil futures market declined. The FU main contract fell 5.54%, and the LU main contract dropped 7.13% [1]. Supply High-sulfur Fuel Oil - The Middle East situation has eased, and OPEC's relaxation of production cuts may increase the supply of high-sulfur fuel oil. Middle East's September high-sulfur fuel oil shipments are expected to be 4.41 million tons, and October's are estimated at 3.72 million tons [2]. - Iran's September shipments are expected to be 1.45 million tons, and October's are estimated at 0.57 million tons. The US sanctions on Iran continue to increase the difficulty of its oil trade [2]. - Russia's high-sulfur fuel oil supply decreased in August due to refinery maintenance but rebounded in September. September's shipments are expected to be 2.97 million tons, and October's are estimated at 1.97 million tons [2]. Low-sulfur Fuel Oil - There has been a recent increase in local supply, mainly from Nigeria's temporary increase. Nigeria's September low-sulfur fuel oil shipments are expected to be 0.53 million tons, and October's are estimated at 0.34 million tons [3]. - Kuwait's exports are relatively limited. September's shipments are 0.37 million tons, and October's are expected to be 0.4 million tons [3]. - China's domestic production of low-sulfur fuel oil has been low this year due to poor profitability and refinery maintenance. September's production was 1.075 million tons, a 0.94% increase from the previous month [3]. Demand - China-US trade frictions and potential tariff increases may damage trade and shipping demand, affecting the consumption of marine fuel oil. There may be a short-term increase in exports due to the anticipation of tariffs [4]. - The demand for low-sulfur fuel oil in the marine fuel market is being replaced by new desulfurization towers and cleaner energy sources such as LNG and green methanol [4]. - After the summer, the power generation demand in the Middle East, South Asia, and Egypt will decline, reducing the consumption of high-sulfur fuel oil. However, Egypt's demand may increase due to the decline in domestic natural gas production [4]. - The demand from refineries has shown a marginal increase. China's high-sulfur fuel oil imports in September are expected to be 0.5 million tons, and October's arrivals are estimated at 0.84 million tons [4]. Inventory - This week, Singapore's fuel oil inventory was 25.063 million barrels, a 5.89% increase from the previous week, and Zhoushan Port's inventory was 1.35 million tons, a 21.62% increase [5]. Market Structure High-sulfur Fuel Oil - The market structure has strengthened marginally due to reduced supply pressure, improved refinery demand, and a decrease in domestic futures registered warehouse receipts [5]. - However, the upward momentum may be limited due to the decline in power generation demand after summer, potential increases in Middle East exports, and potential risks in shipping demand [5]. Low-sulfur Fuel Oil - The market structure has weakened recently due to increased local supply and average marine fuel demand [6]. - If the Dangote refinery resumes operation, the supply may decrease. However, if China-US tariff conflicts intensify, the shipping demand will be affected, and the low-sulfur fuel oil market may be more sensitive [6]. - The demand for low-sulfur fuel oil is under continuous downward pressure due to the trend of carbon neutrality in the shipping industry. If the trade risks ease, the downside space may be limited based on its relatively low valuation compared to gasoline and diesel [6].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating - No information provided in the given content. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The high - sulfur fuel oil market remains generally loose in supply and demand, with high inventories suppressing prices. The low - sulfur fuel oil supply is increasing, and downstream demand lacks specific drivers, but the supply pressure in the fourth quarter is less than expected [4][9][60]. - For trading strategies, it is recommended to expect the FU main contract to be in a short - term strong - side volatile state, the LU near - month contract to fluctuate within a range following crude oil, pay attention to the opportunity of expanding the spread between LU01 and FU01, and sell out - of - the - money call options of FU01 [5][60][61]. 3. Summary by Relevant Catalogs 3.1 First Part: Preface Summary 3.1.1 Market Review - In September, the high - sulfur fuel oil had positive drivers on both the supply and demand sides, with the high - sulfur crack steadily rising by about $1.8 per barrel to around - $3.2 per barrel. The low - sulfur fuel oil fluctuated weakly. The RFCC unit of Nigeria's Dangote refinery malfunctioned again at the end of August, increasing the near - term supply pressure of low - sulfur fuel oil [3][9]. 3.1.2 Market Outlook - The high - sulfur fuel oil exports from Russia are relatively stable, and the inventories in Singapore and China are still high. The expected increase in feedstock demand is not enough to quickly digest the existing inventories, so the overall supply - demand in the fuel oil market remains loose. The supply pressure of low - sulfur fuel oil in the fourth quarter is less than expected, with the Nigerian RFCC unit expected to return early and some refineries in China still restricted in supply [4]. 3.1.3 Strategy Recommendation - Unilateral: Expect a volatile market. - Arbitrage: Pay attention to the opportunity of expanding LU01 - FU01. - Options: Sell out - of - the - money call options of FU01 [5]. 3.2 Second Part: Fundamental Situation 3.2.1 Market Review - Similar to the preface summary, in September, the high - sulfur fuel oil had positive drivers on both supply and demand sides, but high inventories restricted the market. The low - sulfur fuel oil was weakly volatile, with increased near - term supply pressure and relatively abundant low - sulfur component supply [9]. 3.2.2 Supply Overview - **High - sulfur fuel oil supply**: - Russia: Despite continuous attacks on energy facilities, the recovery is fast, and fuel oil exports have increased. For example, in August, Russia's seaborne petroleum product exports increased by 8.9% month - on - month, and in September, the fuel oil flow increased by 22% month - on - month [18][20]. - Mexico: High - sulfur exports are continuously falling due to the commissioning of secondary units in Olmeca and Tula refineries [22]. - Middle East: High - sulfur exports have increased after the peak power - generation demand season. In August, high - sulfur exports reached the highest level this year, but Iran's exports are still restricted [26]. - **Low - sulfur fuel oil supply**: - Nigeria: The RFCC unit of Dangote refinery is still unstable in operation, and low - sulfur exports are increasing. The Harcourt refinery has been closed for two consecutive months, and the Warri refinery has no crude oil quota [45][47]. - Middle East: The Al - Zour refinery maintains high - level low - sulfur exports under stable operation. South Sudan's low - sulfur heavy feedstock exports to the Pan - Singapore region are expected to increase due to the conflict with the UAE [47][48]. - China: The third batch of low - sulfur fuel oil quotas has been issued, and the overall market supply is relatively abundant [50]. 3.2.3 Demand Overview - **High - sulfur fuel oil demand**: - Marine fuel bunkering demand: It provides stable support. As of mid - September 2025, the number of ships equipped with desulfurization towers has increased. In August 2025, high - sulfur marine fuel bunkering in Singapore decreased slightly month - on - month but was still at a high year - on - year level [34]. - Feedstock demand: Supported by the low cost of high - sulfur cracking decline and tax reform, but the support is not obvious. Import demand has been low since July and August [37][39]. - Power - generation demand: It has completely subsided. In Egypt and the Middle East, high - sulfur power - generation demand has decreased significantly [41][43]. - **Low - sulfur fuel oil demand**: - Marine fuel bunkering demand: It is stable without specific drivers. In August 2025, low - sulfur marine fuel bunkering in Singapore increased slightly month - on - month [49]. 3.2.4 Inventory and Valuation - No specific content provided in the given materials. 3.3 Third Part: Future Outlook and Strategy Recommendation - **Future Outlook**: - High - sulfur fuel oil: Supply from Russia, the Middle East, and Mexico shows different trends. Demand from power - generation has disappeared, and feedstock demand support is weak. High - level inventories suppress prices, and attention should be paid to new warrant generation and inventory digestion [60]. - Low - sulfur fuel oil: The spot window transaction price is low, and the supply continues to increase. The conflict between South Sudan and the UAE may change the logistics of low - sulfur heavy feedstock, and the Nigerian RFCC unit's operation is unstable. The overall supply in the Chinese market is abundant [60]. - **Strategy Recommendation**: - Unilateral: The FU main contract is expected to be strongly volatile in the short term, and the LU near - month contract will fluctuate within a range following crude oil. - Arbitrage: Pay attention to the opportunity of expanding the spread between LU01 and FU01. - Options: Sell out - of - the - money call options of FU01 [60][61].

Report Summary 1. Report Industry Investment Rating No specific investment rating for the industry is provided in the report. 2. Core Viewpoints - The Asian low - sulfur fuel oil market is facing a supply surplus with no sign of tightening recently, leading to a narrowing of the spot price spread between low - sulfur and high - sulfur fuel oil in Singapore [3]. - The Russian fuel oil export ban may be extended, increasing the expectation of tight supply in the high - sulfur fuel oil market. Overnight, high - sulfur fuel oil was significantly stronger than crude oil and low - sulfur fuel oil under the background of rising oil prices. However, the Russian side has not confirmed it yet, and investors should control their positions and be cautious about chasing long positions [3]. - The price of FU2601 is expected to run in the range of 2840 - 2900, and LU2511 is expected to run in the range of 3380 - 3420 [3]. 3. Summary by Directory 3.1 Daily Tips - The fundamentals of the fuel oil market are as follows: the Asian low - sulfur fuel oil market has a supply surplus (neutral); the spot price is at a premium to the futures price (positive); the Singapore fuel oil inventory increased by 120,000 barrels to 23.159 million barrels in the week of September 17 (neutral); the price is above the 20 - day line with the 20 - day line being flat (neutral); the high - sulfur main position is short and the short position is decreasing (negative), while the low - sulfur main position is long and the long position is decreasing (positive) [3]. - The expected price ranges are FU2601: 2840 - 2900, LU2511: 3380 - 3420 [3]. 3.2 Multi - Air Concerns - The market is driven by the resonance of supply affected by geopolitical risks and neutral demand. The risk points include the potential damage to OPEC+ internal unity and the escalation of war risks. The bullish factors are the possible extension of Russian fuel oil export restrictions, and the bearish factor is the possible intensification of sanctions against Russia [4]. 3.3 Fundamental Data - Fundamental aspects: Supply in the Asian low - sulfur fuel oil market is in surplus, and the price spread between low - sulfur and high - sulfur fuel oil in Singapore has narrowed [3]. - Basis: The basis of Singapore high - sulfur fuel oil is $127 per ton, and that of low - sulfur fuel oil is $55 per ton, with the spot price at a premium to the futures price [3]. - Inventory: Singapore's fuel oil inventory in the week of September 17 was 23.159 million barrels, an increase of 120,000 barrels [3]. - Disk: The price is above the 20 - day line, and the 20 - day line is flat [3]. - Main Position: High - sulfur main position is short and the short position is decreasing; low - sulfur main position is long and the long position is decreasing [3]. 3.4 Spread Data No specific content related to spread data analysis is provided other than the narrowing of the spot price spread between low - sulfur and high - sulfur fuel oil in Singapore [3]. 3.5 Inventory Data - Singapore fuel oil inventory data from July 9 to September 17 shows fluctuations. In the week of September 17, the inventory was 23.159 million barrels, an increase of 120,000 barrels from the previous week [3][8].

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - The unilateral strategy for fuel oil is weak and volatile, and the arbitrage and option strategies are to wait and see [6][7] Group 2: Core View of the Report - High - sulfur fuel oil: High - sulfur near - end inventory remains at a high level, suppressing market prices. Supply is affected by factors such as Russian refinery facilities' recovery and changes in export from different regions. Demand from power generation has subsided, and feedstock demand support is not obvious [5] - Low - sulfur fuel oil: The spot premium of low - sulfur fuel oil fluctuates at a low level. Supply continues to increase, and there is no specific driver for downstream demand [5] Group 3: Summary According to the Directory Chapter 1: Comprehensive Analysis and Trading Strategy - **Comprehensive Analysis** - High - sulfur fuel oil: High - sulfur near - end inventory is high, suppressing prices. Russian refineries are gradually recovering, Middle - East high - sulfur export increases after power - generation demand fades, Mexican high - sulfur export decreases, power - generation demand disappears, and feedstock demand support is weak [5] - Low - sulfur fuel oil: The spot premium of low - sulfur fuel oil fluctuates at a low level. Supply increases, and downstream demand lacks a driver. Logistics of low - sulfur heavy - raw materials may change, and attention should be paid to low - sulfur quota adjustment and issuance [5] - **Strategy** - Unilateral: Weak and volatile [6] - Arbitrage: Wait and see. Pay attention to near - end high - low warehouse receipts and low - sulfur quota issuance [7] - Options: Wait and see [7] Chapter 2: Core Logic Analysis - **Supply - side Factors** - Russia: Energy facilities are continuously attacked, but some refineries are recovering. Near - end high - sulfur export has increased [10][11] - Mexico: High - sulfur export is expected to decline as new secondary devices in refineries are put into operation [15][16] - Iran: Sanctions from the US continue, but high - sulfur export in the Middle - East has increased after power - generation demand fades [20][22] - Nigeria: The RFCC device in Dangote refinery operates unstably, and low - sulfur export tenders are continuously issued [34][35] - Middle - East Al - Zour refinery: Stable operation leads to expected stable high - level low - sulfur export, with increased supply to the pan - Singapore area [39][41] - South Sudan: Low - sulfur heavy - raw materials are stable, and export to the pan - Singapore area is expected to further increase [42][43] - China: The output of bonded low - sulfur fuel oil is stable, and attention should be paid to the issuance of the third - batch export quota and quota conversion [47][49] - **Demand - side Factors** - High - sulfur fuel oil: Power - generation demand has disappeared, but the volume of high - sulfur marine fuel bunkering reached the highest level since IMO2020 in July, and feedstock demand has slight support [23][25][26] - Low - sulfur fuel oil: There is no specific driver for demand, and marine fuel demand is stable [44][46] Chapter 3: Weekly Data Tracking - **Price and Spread** - Fuel oil spot prices and spreads between different types of fuel oil and Brent crude oil are presented in various charts [52][54][57] - High - sulfur fuel oil cross - region and cross - period spreads, and low - sulfur fuel oil cross - region and cross - variety spreads are also shown [59][66] - Natural gas - fuel oil price ratio and cross - region freight rates are provided [76][79] - Singapore bunkering spreads are analyzed [82][83] - **Inventory Structure** - Inventory data of fuel oil in Singapore, ARA, Fujairah, Japan, and the US are presented [86][87][89][90][91] - Inventory structures in Northwest Europe and the US Gulf are also shown [93][96] - **Terminal Sales Structure** - In July, Singapore's marine fuel bunkering volume increased. High - sulfur marine fuel bunkering volume and its proportion increased, while low - sulfur marine fuel bunkering volume decreased slightly and its proportion decreased [100]

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content Group 2: Core Viewpoints of the Report - Asian high - sulfur fuel oil has high supply and inventory in the near - term, but supply pressure in Q3 is less than expected due to factors like Russian refinery bombings, reduced Mexican exports, and low Middle - East exports. High - sulfur seasonal power generation demand is falling, but feedstock demand is supported. Low - sulfur fuel oil has a continuously falling spot premium, with rising supply and no specific demand drivers [7]. Group 3: Summary by Related Catalogs Part 1: Related Data - On September 11, 2025, FU主力 was 2802, up 16 from the previous day; its position was 202,000 lots, up 6,000 lots; FU仓单 remained at 101,500 tons. LU主力 was 3374, down 9; its position was 75,000 lots, up 1,000 lots; LU仓单 remained at 10,020 tons. The spread between FU10 - 1 was 36, down 5; LU11 - 12 was 8, down 1; LU - FU主力价差 was 572, down 25; FU01 - 外盘12 was 7.1, up 1.0; LU11 - 外盘10 was 8.7, down 1.4 [3]. Part 2: Market Research and Judgment - **Market Overview**: As of September 8, the fuel oil inventory in Fujairah was 7.095 million barrels, a quarter - on - quarter increase of 1.546 million barrels [6]. - **Quotation Research and Judgment**: High - sulfur fuel oil has high supply and inventory in the near - term, but supply pressure in Q3 is less than expected. Low - sulfur fuel oil has a continuously falling spot premium, with rising supply and no specific demand drivers. Pay attention to new high - sulfur warehouse receipts and inventory digestion, as well as low - sulfur quota adjustment and issuance [7]. - **Other Information**: FU仓单 and LU仓单 remained unchanged from the previous day. In the Singapore paper market, the high - sulfur Sep/Oct spread changed from 0.6 to 0.4 dollars/ton, and the low - sulfur Sep/Oct spread changed from 2.3 to 2.0 dollars/ton [8]. Part 3: Related Attached Figures - The report provides six figures, including Singapore high - sulfur and low - sulfur spot premiums, high - and low - sulfur spreads, LSFO - GO, and high - and low - sulfur fuel oil cracking, with data sources from Galaxy Futures and Reuters [10].

Group 1: Report Industry Investment Rating - No relevant content found Group 2: Core Viewpoints of the Report - High - sulfur supply and inventory in Asia remain high in the near - term, with supply pressure in Q3 lower than expected. High - sulfur seasonal power generation demand is gradually declining, but feedstock demand is still supported. New high - sulfur warehouse receipts generation and subsequent inventory digestion rhythm should be noted. Low - sulfur fuel oil spot premium is continuously decreasing, with supply rising and no specific downstream demand drivers. Attention should be paid to low - sulfur export trends, quota adjustment and issuance rhythm [7] Group 3: Summary According to the Table of Contents Part 1: Relevant Data - FU main contract price on September 10, 2025, was 2786, up 20 from the previous day; its main contract position was 196,000 lots, down 4,000 lots; and its warehouse receipts were 101,500 tons, unchanged from the previous day. LU main contract price was 3383, down 2 from the previous day; its main contract position was 74,000 lots, up 2,000 lots; and its warehouse receipts were 10,020 tons, unchanged from the previous day. The spread between LU and FU main contracts was 597, down 22 from the previous day [3] Part 2: Market Research and Judgment Market Overview - IIR reported that the preliminary restart plan of the RFCC unit at Nigeria's Dangote refinery has been postponed to December 10 [6] Market Research - High - sulfur: Supply pressure in Q3 is lower than expected due to factors such as attacks on Russian refineries by Ukraine, reduced high - sulfur exports from Mexico, and low - level exports from the Middle East. Seasonal power generation demand is falling, but feedstock demand is supported. Singapore's high - sulfur bunker fuel bunkering volume in July reached the highest level since IMO2020. Low - sulfur: Spot premium is continuously decreasing, supply is rising, and downstream demand lacks specific drivers. Attention should be paid to low - sulfur export trends and quota adjustment and issuance rhythm [7] Other Information - FU warehouse receipts were 101,500 tons, unchanged from the previous day; LU warehouse receipts were 10,020 tons, unchanged from the previous day. In the Singapore paper market, the high - sulfur Sep/Oct monthly spread decreased from 1.2 to 0.6 US dollars per ton, and the low - sulfur Sep/Oct monthly spread remained at 2.3 US dollars per ton [8] Part 3: Relevant Attached Figures - There are figures showing Singapore's high - sulfur and low - sulfur spot premiums, high - and low - sulfur price spreads, LSFO - GO spreads, and high - and low - sulfur fuel oil cracking spreads, with data sources from Galaxy Futures and Reuters [9]

Group 1: Related Data - FU main contract price on August 19, 2025, was 2686, down 27 from the previous day; LU main contract price was 3466, down 14 [3] - FU main contract positions were 95,000 lots, down 17,000 lots from the previous day; LU main contract positions were 44,000 lots, up 2,000 lots [3] - FU warehouse receipts were 80,710 tons, unchanged from the previous day; LU warehouse receipts were 11,110 tons, unchanged [3] - FU9 - 1 spread was -27, down 1; LU10 - 11 spread was 7, down 8; LU - FU main contract spread was 780, up 13 [3] - FU09 - foreign market 08 spread was -17.9, down 1.1; LU10 - foreign market 09 spread was 7.6, up 0.7 [3] - In the Singapore paper market, the high - sulfur Sep/Oct month - spread decreased from 3.3 to 1.5 USD/ton, and the low - sulfur Sep/Oct month - spread decreased from 2.0 to 1.0 USD/ton [8] Group 2: Market Analysis Market Overview - Debris from destroyed Ukrainian drones caused fires at an oil refinery and a hospital roof in the Volgograd region of Russia [6] Market Judgment - High - sulfur supply and inventory in Asia remain at a high level in the near term. Ukrainian bombings of Russian refineries continue, affecting some refinery capacities. Mexican high - sulfur exports are declining, and Middle - East high - sulfur exports are stable at a low level. High - sulfur supply pressure in the third quarter is slightly lower than expected. High - sulfur seasonal power - generation demand is gradually decreasing, and the support from feedstock demand in China after the increase in the consumption - tax deduction ratio is not obvious. Singapore's high - sulfur bunker fuel bunkering volume in July reached the highest level since IMO2020 [7] - Low - sulfur fuel oil spot premiums are continuously declining. The increase in spot - window sellers and near - term supply growth are hitting low - sulfur spot prices. Low - sulfur supply is continuously increasing, and there is no specific driver for downstream demand. Nigerian RFCC units have intermittent maintenance, and South - Sudan's low - sulfur raw - material supply is gradually returning to the early 2024 level. Al - Zour's low - sulfur exports have rebounded to the high level of normal refinery operation, with a significant increase in exports to Singapore. The low - sulfur market in China has sufficient supply and stable demand [7]

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No information provided in the content. 2. Core Views of the Report - As the number of refinery maintenance continues to decrease, the global fuel oil production has increased month - on - month. The export volume of high - sulfur fuel oil in the Middle East has rapidly recovered, and the global high - sulfur supply will gradually shift to a loose pattern. However, the significant decrease in Brazil's export volume has provided some support for the global low - sulfur market [7]. - In the bunker market, the spread between Bunker and FOB has widened again. The decrease in fuel oil imports and increase in exports in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait may indicate that the power generation demand is gradually coming to an end. In China, fuel oil demand remains low, and the overall processing and bunker demand is weak [7]. - The fuel oil prices around the world have generally declined this month. In the first half of the month, the low - sulfur prices performed relatively strongly, and the low - sulfur cracking in Singapore, Fujairah and other places maintained an upward trend. However, there were obvious signs of weakness in low - sulfur fuel oil in the second half of the month. The increase in supply - side pressure in the near - term has led to a rapid decline in the paper - cargo monthly spreads of fuel oil in various regions [7]. - As previously predicted, with the fading of the impact of geopolitical risk events in June, the trading logic of the fuel oil market has returned to the fundamentals of supply and demand. The increase in refinery operations has led to a gradual recovery in fuel oil production, and the increasing supply pressure is the core factor leading to the decline in prices, cracking spreads, and monthly spreads. August is the turning point between the off - season and peak season of refined oil consumption in the Northern Hemisphere, which means that the seasonal demand benefits will continue to decline this month, further exerting downward pressure on fuel oil valuations [7]. - For high - sulfur fuel oil, the significant increase in Middle East exports is one of the biggest negative factors. Due to the abundance of spot goods, there were few transactions in the Platts window in August, and it is expected that the weakness of the spot market will continue to suppress prices. In addition to the Middle East, the large - scale maintenance of Russian refineries will end this month, and the export volume from Russia is expected to continue to rise at the end of the month. The entire high - sulfur market may gradually shift from supply - side looseness to a phase of oversupply [7]. - For low - sulfur fuel oil, although there has been no obvious increase in Brazil's exports, the export volumes of Kuwait and Indonesia are still rising, and the low - sulfur prices in the Asia - Pacific region have started to weaken month - on - month. In China, the production schedule of major refineries has continued to increase, and the bonded area has continued to accumulate inventory. The slow digestion of port spot goods has led to obvious weakness in the LU futures market. However, as the exports of major refineries increase, the remaining quota will gradually run out. Therefore, the quantity of the next batch of quotas will be a key focus in the future, which will determine the tightness of the deliverable resource supply for LU in the follow - up. Overall, it is believed that the cracking spreads and monthly spreads of high - sulfur fuel oil in August may continue to decline due to negative supply - side factors, and the weakness of low - sulfur fuel oil will also continue. Attention is recommended to the possibility of further narrowing of the spread between high - and low - sulfur fuel oil [7]. 3. Summaries According to Relevant Catalogs 3.1 Global Fuel Oil Spot Prices and Spreads - **Price and Spread Fluctuations**: The FOB prices of fuel oil in various regions around the world generally declined this month. For example, the FOB price of 3.5% fuel oil in Singapore decreased by 2.29%, and the FOB price of 0.5% fuel oil decreased by 3.40%. The cracking spreads also showed different trends, with the high - sulfur cracking spreads in some regions increasing (e.g., Singapore's high - sulfur cracking spread increased by 16.41%), while the low - sulfur cracking spreads in some regions decreased (e.g., Singapore's low - sulfur cracking spread decreased by 2.00%) [9]. - **Regional Price Charts**: Provided historical price charts of fuel oil in different regions such as Asia - Pacific, Middle East, Northwest Europe, Mediterranean, and the United States, including FOB and CIF prices of different sulfur - content fuel oils [13][19][26][33]. - **Feedstock Market Prices**: Presented the FOB and CIF prices of VGO in the European and American markets, such as the FOB price of 0.5% - 0.6% VGO in Northwest Europe and the CIF price of 0.5% VGO barge in the US Gulf [39][43]. - **Bunker Prices in Asia - Pacific Ports**: Showed the bunker prices of high - sulfur, low - sulfur heavy - fuel oil, and marine diesel in major Asia - Pacific ports, including Singapore, Fujairah, Zhoushan, South Korea, etc. [49][52][56]. - **Regional Arbitrage and Grade Spreads**: Analyzed the regional arbitrage margins and grade spreads of fuel oil, such as the high - and low - sulfur spread in Singapore, the viscosity spread, and the arbitrage margins between different regions (e.g., Middle East - Singapore, Mediterranean - Singapore) [60]. - **Spot Premiums and Discounts**: Displayed the spot premiums and discounts in Asia - Pacific and Middle East regions, such as the 380CST transaction premiums and discounts in Singapore and the Arabian Gulf [63]. - **Cracking Spreads in Major Markets**: Presented the cracking spreads of fuel oil in major global markets, including Asia - Pacific, Middle East, Europe, and the United States [70][77]. - **Fuel Oil Swap Market Term Structure**: Analyzed the term structure of the fuel oil swap market, including the spreads between different contract months in Singapore and Northwest Europe for high - and low - sulfur fuel oils [83]. 3.2 Global Main Region Fuel Oil Supply Situation - **Refinery Operations**: Showed the refinery operation rates in different regions around the world, including Northeast Asia (Japan, South Korea, China), Middle East, South Asia, Latin America, Europe, and the United States. For example, the refinery operation rate in Japan, South Korea, and the capacity utilization rates of independent and major refineries in China [91][99][102]. - **Refinery Maintenance**: Presented the maintenance situation of global major refining units, including CDU, hydrocracking, FCC, and coking units [104]. - **Production Changes in Main Producing Countries**: Displayed the production changes of fuel oil in main producing countries around the world, such as China, India, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Iran, Mexico, the United States, Brazil, and Russia [111][113][117]. 3.3 Global Main Region Fuel Oil Demand Situation - **Global Fuel Oil Demand Changes**: Showed the historical demand changes of fuel oil in different regions around the world, including China, the Middle East, Asia - Pacific, Latin America, the Commonwealth of Independent States, Europe, North America, and Africa [121]. - **Singapore Bunker Market Sales**: Presented the sales volume of fuel oil in the Singapore bunker market, including the sales volume of high - sulfur, low - sulfur fuel oil, and marine diesel [134]. 3.4 Global High - and Low - Sulfur Fuel Oil Import and Export Logistics Situation - **High - Sulfur Fuel Oil Import and Export**: Showed the weekly and monthly import and export volumes of high - sulfur fuel oil in different regions around the world, including China, the Middle East, the United States, Singapore + Malaysia, India, Northwest Europe, and the Mediterranean + Black Sea regions [143][146]. - **Low - Sulfur Fuel Oil Import and Export**: Presented the weekly and monthly import and export volumes of low - sulfur fuel oil in different regions around the world, including Singapore + Malaysia, China, the United States, the Mediterranean + Black Sea, Northwest Europe, and the Middle East regions [149][152]. 3.5 Global Main Region Fuel Oil Inventory and Floating Storage Situation - **Fuel Oil Spot Inventory**: Showed the historical inventory data of fuel oil in major regions around the world, including Singapore, Fujairah, the European ARA region, and the United States. This month, the inventory in Singapore decreased by 0.16%, Fujairah increased by 0.87%, the European ARA region decreased by 3.73%, and the United States decreased by 1.69% [157][159]. - **Floating Storage in Singapore**: Presented the floating storage situation of fuel oil in the Singapore region [164]. 3.6 Domestic Fuel Oil Market Supply and Consumption Situation - **Domestic Production and Supply**: Showed the monthly production volume of fuel oil in China, the capacity utilization rate of catalytic units in Shandong refineries, and the monthly commercial volume of fuel oil [169][170][173]. - **Bonded Port Supply, Consumption, and Inventory**: Presented the total inventory of bonded - area fuel oil, the monthly production volume of low - sulfur fuel oil from Chinese refineries, the port inventories of Dalian, Qingdao, and Zhoushan ports, and the monthly actual consumption volume of marine fuel oil in China [174][175].