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90%都是假货,利润率达650%!为何消费者却心甘情愿被割韭菜?
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2025-04-30 22:57
Group 1: Overview of Overseas Purchasing - The overseas purchasing market has become a common choice for consumers, with many international brands being sold at significantly lower prices through intermediaries [1][3] - Approximately 90% of the products purchased through these channels may be counterfeit, with profit margins reaching up to 650% [1][3] Group 2: Consumer Behavior and Market Dynamics - The allure of low prices and the convenience of overseas purchasing create a strong temptation for consumers, often leading them to overlook the risks associated with counterfeit goods [3][5] - Many consumers are drawn to the idea of saving money, as domestic prices for similar products can be significantly higher due to tariffs and brand premiums [5][9] Group 3: Psychological Factors Influencing Purchases - Brand effect plays a crucial role in consumer purchasing decisions, with many willing to pay a premium for the status associated with luxury brands [11][13] - The desire for social validation and status can lead consumers to prioritize brand labels over the actual value of the products [13][15] Group 4: Information Asymmetry and Market Challenges - Information asymmetry in the luxury goods market allows sellers to exploit consumer trust, leading to a higher tolerance for counterfeit products among buyers [17][19] - Consumers often lack sufficient knowledge about products, making them susceptible to the appeal of low prices and perceived channel advantages [19][21] Group 5: Rise of Domestic Brands - Recent government policies have supported the development of domestic brands, particularly in high-end manufacturing and technology sectors, enhancing their competitive edge [21][23] - As domestic brands improve quality and transparency, consumer perceptions are gradually shifting, allowing these brands to compete with international counterparts [25][27] Group 6: Changing Consumer Perceptions - The rise of domestic brands is changing consumer attitudes, as they begin to recognize that quality and innovation are not exclusive to foreign brands [29]
经济学视角下的军事史
Jing Ji Guan Cha Bao· 2025-04-03 14:03
Core Argument - The article discusses the application of economic principles, particularly opportunity cost and information asymmetry, in military history, illustrating how these concepts can provide insights into historical military decisions and strategies [2][14]. Group 1: Economic Principles in Military History - The concept of "economic imperialism" has extended beyond traditional economic issues into various fields, including military strategy, where game theory has become integral to nuclear strategy [1]. - The book "Castles, Battles, and Bombs: Seven Economic Lessons About War" aims to reinterpret military history through basic economic principles, demonstrating how economic analysis can yield new insights [2][4]. Group 2: Opportunity Cost and Castles - Castles served as significant military structures in the Middle Ages, providing defensive advantages but at a high construction cost, leading to a dilemma for monarchs between building castles and maintaining large armies [5][6]. - The high costs associated with castles often made them less favorable compared to the flexibility and mobility offered by armies, highlighting the opportunity cost of military investments [6][7]. Group 3: Mercenaries and Information Asymmetry - The use of mercenaries has a long history, with city-states often relying on them due to the high costs of conscripting local populations and the need for skilled fighters [9][10]. - Contracts with mercenaries were complex and aimed at mitigating information asymmetry and ensuring accountability, reflecting the economic principles of agency theory [10][11][12]. Group 4: Economic Rationality in Military Decisions - The article argues that historical military leaders, despite their lack of formal economic training, often made decisions that aligned with economic rationality, such as weighing costs and benefits in military engagements [15]. - The persistence of economic principles in military decision-making suggests that further investment in economic analysis within military history research could yield valuable insights [15].