Group 1 - The core idea is that coding for artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming as essential as reading and writing, with the potential to enrich lives through data utilization [1][2] - AI and data science can provide significant value across various professions, making AI-oriented coding skills more valuable than traditional coding [2][3] - The rapid rise of AI has led to an increase in job opportunities, emphasizing the importance of foundational skills, project work, and job searching in career development [3][4][6] Group 2 - Learning foundational skills in AI is a continuous process, with a focus on understanding key concepts in machine learning and deep learning [7][8] - Mathematics is crucial for AI roles, with an emphasis on linear algebra, probability, statistics, and exploratory data analysis [8][11] - Building a portfolio of projects that demonstrate skill progression is essential for career advancement in AI [24][26] Group 3 - The job search process in AI involves predictable steps, including researching roles, conducting informational interviews, and applying for positions [27][36] - Networking and building a supportive community are vital for career growth in the AI field [43][48] - The importance of continuous learning and adapting to new technologies is highlighted as a key to success in AI careers [10][41]

Group 1 - The term "artificial intelligence" was formally introduced at a conference in 1956 at Dartmouth College, marking the beginning of efforts to replicate human intelligence through modern science and technology [1] - Alan Turing is recognized as the father of artificial intelligence due to his introduction of the "Turing Test" in 1950, which provides a method to determine if a machine can exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to a human [1][3] - The Turing Test involves a human evaluator interacting with an isolated "intelligent agent" through a keyboard and display, where if the evaluator cannot distinguish between the machine and a human, the machine is considered intelligent [3][5] Group 2 - The Turing Test is characterized as a subjective evaluation method rather than an objective scientific test, as it relies on human judgment rather than consistent measurable criteria [6][9] - Despite claims of machines passing the Turing Test, such as Eugene Goostman in 2014, there is no consensus that these machines possess human-like thinking capabilities, highlighting the limitations of the Turing Test as a scientific standard [6][8] - Turing's original paper contains subjective reasoning and speculative assertions, which, while valuable for exploration, do not meet the rigorous standards of scientific argumentation [8][9] Group 3 - The field of artificial intelligence has been criticized for lacking a solid scientific foundation, often relying on conjecture and analogy rather than empirical evidence [10][19] - The emergence of terms like "scaling law" in AI research reflects a trend of using non-scientific concepts to justify claims about machine learning performance, which may not hold true under scrutiny [16][17] - Historical critiques, such as those from Hubert L. Dreyfus in 1965, emphasize the need for a deeper scientific understanding of AI rather than superficial advancements based on speculative ideas [18][19] Group 4 - The ongoing development of AI as a practical technology has achieved significant progress, yet it remains categorized as a modern craft rather than a fully-fledged scientific discipline [20][21] - Future advancements in AI should adhere to the rational norms of modern science and technology, avoiding the influence of non-scientific factors on its development [21]

Core Viewpoint - The TIOBE Index for May 2025 highlights Python's dominance in the programming language landscape, achieving a market share of 25.35%, a significant increase of 2.2% from the previous month, marking a rare and substantial lead over its closest competitor, C++ [1][3]. Programming Language Rankings - The top programming languages in May 2025 are as follows: 1. Python: 25.35% (+9.02%) 2. C++: 9.94% (+0.41%) 3. C: 9.71% (-0.27%) 4. Java: 9.31% (+0.62%) 5. C: 4.22% (-2.27%) 6. JavaScript: 3.68% (+0.66%) [2][24]. Python's Market Position - Python's market share surpasses C++ by over 15%, showcasing a dominant position that is uncommon in the programming language rankings [3]. - The historical context indicates that only Java in 2001 had a higher market share than Python currently does [1]. Limitations of Python - Despite its popularity, Python has two main limitations: 1. Performance issues due to being an interpreted language, which inherently runs slower [6]. 2. Higher frequency of runtime errors, as many bugs are only discovered during execution [6][4]. - Critical applications, such as aerospace control systems, still rely on languages like C++ and Java due to these limitations [5][4]. Factors Contributing to Python's Popularity - Python's simplicity and ease of learning have made it the preferred language for many entering the programming field, especially as the demand for programming talent grows amid digital transformation [11]. - The language's extensive ecosystem, including libraries like NumPy, Pandas, TensorFlow, and PyTorch, has further solidified its position in various domains [12][13]. Application Areas of Python - Python is widely used in several fields: - Data analysis: 50% of respondents use Python for this purpose [16]. - Web development: 49% [16]. - DevOps and automation: 35% [16]. - Machine learning: 31% [16]. - Educational purposes: 28% [16]. - Software testing: 26% [16]. - The language is also utilized in scientific computing, numerical simulations, and web development frameworks like Django and Flask [22].

新加坡城市景观。 新华社发 就读于电子信息科技大学的刘胜然对新加坡科技设计大学很感兴趣。他说："这所学校相对年轻，它由 新加坡政府与美国麻省理工学院合作设立，注重跨学科融合，是一所专注设计与创新研究、工程领域的 新概念大学。" 刘胜然坦言，申请新加坡排名靠前的公立大学硕士项目竞争压力不小。"据我所知，申请新加坡国立大 学和南洋理工大学的硕士，要有不错的本科GPA成绩，且雅思成绩不低于6.5或托福100分，同时要求具 备科研或相关职场经验。"刘胜然说。 《2025新加坡留学报告》中一组数据显示，在2024入学季，新加坡公立大学硕士录取的学生中，八成以 上的申请者GPA在80分以上，雅思成绩达到6.5分以上，近七成的录取学生GMAT成绩在650分以上。相 关留学专家建议，背景条件较薄弱的学生，不妨选择新加坡私立大学就读语言课程或预科类课程，逐步 完善自身条件和能力。 此外，高中生可凭高考成绩直接申请新加坡公立大学本科。启德教育相关负责人介绍："对于新加坡排 名前三的公立大学（新加坡国立大学、南洋理工大学、新加坡管理大学），建议申请者高考成绩高于当 地一本线100分以上，并具备托福93分或雅思6.5分（阅读和写作单 ...

Ingredion (INGR) Conference Call Summary Company Overview - **Company**: Ingredion - **Date**: November 14, 2024 - **Focus**: Texture and Healthful Solutions in the food industry Key Points Industry and Market Insights - The global market for texturizing ingredients is approximately **$20 billion** with a growth outlook of **2% to 5%** for ingredients and a faster growth rate for solutions combining these ingredients [12][26] - The **global packaged food retail market** is valued at **$600 billion**, with a significant opportunity for CPG companies to leverage front-of-pack texturizing claims [14] - **80%** of consumers are currently paying attention to food prices, indicating a strong demand for affordability in food products [27] - **75%** of consumers find all-natural claims appealing, and **72%** prefer products with natural ingredients [27] Texture as a Competitive Advantage - Texture is a critical factor in consumer purchasing decisions, with **greater than 50%** of consumers consciously considering texture when buying products [12] - **40%** of product launch success is linked to texture, emphasizing its importance in consumer liking and repeat purchases [62] - The company aims to be recognized as the go-to provider for texture and healthful solutions that enhance the taste of healthy foods [18] Strategic Focus Areas - Ingredion is focusing on three primary consumer benefit areas: 1. **Influencing the texture experience** to make foods more interesting and appealing [15] 2. **Affordability**, especially in light of food inflation [16] 3. **Clean label** products that meet consumer demand for natural ingredients [17] Innovations and Solutions - The company has invested in **sensory and consumer understanding** to create solutions that influence texture and flavor [15] - Examples of innovative solutions include: - A cheese product with **20% cost reduction** while maintaining texture and taste [50] - An ice cream formulation that does not melt at higher temperatures, reducing energy consumption for storage [51] Global Presence and Local Adaptation - Ingredion operates **22 plants globally** and has local teams to understand regional food preferences [42] - The company is adapting its strategies to meet the needs of both developed and developing markets, focusing on convenience and affordability [30][32] Consumer Trends - There is a growing demand for **multicultural foods**, with **60%** of consumers preferring multi-texture and multi-flavor foods [38] - The trend towards healthier foods post-pandemic is significant, with consumers seeking healthier options that also taste good [40] Challenges and Opportunities - The high failure rate of product launches (up to **80%**) presents a significant opportunity for Ingredion to assist customers in improving their product development processes [59] - The company is leveraging its extensive data and technology to enhance the probability of successful product launches [61][83] Conclusion - Ingredion is positioning itself as a leader in the texture and healthful solutions market, focusing on innovation, consumer insights, and local market adaptation to drive growth and meet evolving consumer demands [55][56]