Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the recent movements in the financial markets, particularly focusing on the U.S. dollar index, silver prices, and the implications of Federal Reserve officials' comments on interest rates and inflation [1][3][4]. Market Overview - The U.S. dollar index is trading around 97.29, while spot silver opened at $44.00 per ounce and is currently around $43.97 per ounce [1]. - On September 22, the dollar index fell by 0.35% to close at 97.32, while spot silver rose by 2.29% to $44.05 per ounce, marking a new high since May 2011 [1]. - Spot gold surged over $60, reaching a new historical high above $3740, closing at $3746.36 per ounce [1]. Federal Reserve Insights - Federal Reserve Governor Bowman is expected to speak on economic prospects, and the U.S. will release preliminary PMI data for September [1]. - Fed official Milan suggests that the neutral interest rate has been overestimated and advocates for a 1.25% rate cut this year, estimating the neutral rate at around 2.5% [3]. - Fed's Bostic expresses reluctance to support another rate cut in October due to inflation concerns, indicating only one expected cut in 2025 [3]. - Cleveland Fed President Mester emphasizes caution in monetary policy adjustments due to persistent inflation above the 2% target [4]. Silver Market Analysis - The SLV silver ETF holdings increased by 163.76 tons to 15,368.9 tons [2]. - Silver market opened at 43.113, experienced a slight pullback, and then surged to a high of 44.11 before closing at 44.053, indicating a bullish trend [4].

Core Viewpoint - Federal Reserve Governor Stephen Miran advocates for significant interest rate cuts in the coming months to protect the U.S. labor market, arguing that current rates are too high [1][2]. Group 1: Neutral Interest Rate - Miran estimates the neutral interest rate at approximately 2.5%, which is notably lower than the Federal Reserve officials' median forecast of 3% [2]. - He suggests that the neutral interest rate has been overestimated in the past and is currently under downward pressure due to factors like tariffs, immigration restrictions, and tax policies [1][2]. Group 2: Monetary Policy and Rate Cuts - Miran believes that maintaining short-term rates about 2 percentage points above the appropriate level could lead to unnecessary layoffs and higher unemployment [2]. - He opposed the Federal Reserve's recent decision to lower rates by only 0.25 percentage points, advocating instead for a 0.5 percentage point cut [2]. - Miran hopes for an additional 1.25 percentage points reduction in the remaining two FOMC meetings of the year, contrasting with the median forecast of a 0.5 percentage point cut from other officials [2]. Group 3: Inflation Target and Policy Independence - Miran expressed potential support for abandoning the precise 2% inflation target, emphasizing that any adjustment should occur only after achieving and maintaining that target for a period [3]. - He stated that his call for significant rate cuts is not a panic response but a necessary measure to mitigate rising risks associated with prolonged high rates [3]. - Miran's stance aligns with President Trump's requests for aggressive rate cuts, yet he maintains a position of independence within the Federal Reserve [3][4]. Group 4: Market Reactions - Initial reactions to Miran's speech have been skeptical, with observers questioning the assertion that current monetary policy is significantly tight given the still accommodative financial environment and near-full employment [4].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that having a precise inflation target can enhance macroeconomic management [1] Group 2 - The statement emphasizes the importance of clear inflation goals for effective economic policy [1]

Core Viewpoint - European Central Bank (ECB) officials are anxiously awaiting new economic forecasts in December to assess if current interest rates are sustainable for achieving a 2% inflation target [1] Group 1: Current Economic Situation - ECB officials believe the current deposit facility rate of 2% is suitable for achieving the inflation target, but there is disagreement on assessing economic risks and tolerance for short-term inflation below the target [1] - ECB President Lagarde stated that the bank has achieved its price stability goal, but uncertainties remain despite a trade agreement with the U.S. [1] - The ECB maintained interest rates in September, indicating that monetary policy is in a "good state," which led to reduced expectations for further rate cuts [1] Group 2: Perspectives from Central Bank Leaders - Latvian central bank governor Martins Kazaks emphasized that it is inappropriate to adjust rates every time inflation deviates from the target, suggesting a high threshold for rate changes in October and December [2] - Greek central bank governor Yannis Stournaras noted that the current balance is acceptable, with no immediate need for rate adjustments, but acknowledged that significant changes in the economic outlook could prompt a reassessment [2] - Maltese central bank governor Edward Scicluna stated that the current interest rate level is appropriate, with no discussions on rate cuts, while monitoring trade tensions and the euro exchange rate [3] Group 3: Future Inflation Predictions - Lithuanian central bank governor Gediminas Simkus expressed a preference for rate cuts to support inflation targets, predicting that mid-term inflation will likely remain below the target [3] - Estonian central bank governor Madis Muller indicated that current rates support growth and inflation is at desired levels, suggesting no need for further action [4] - Portuguese central bank governor Mario Centeno mentioned that while a few quarters of inflation below the target can be tolerated, prolonged low inflation could lead to a de-anchoring of inflation expectations [4]

智通财经APP获悉，欧洲央行行长拉加德表示，尽管欧盟与美国达成贸易协议，欧洲央行已成功实现稳 定物价的目标，但未来经济前景的不确定性依然存在。 拉加德在周六播出的电视专访中表示："利率必须瞄准通胀水平——这确实是我们的目标，而且我们现 在已经达成了这一目标。" 目前，欧盟与美国就提高关税达成协议后，局势发展变得更具可预测性。但与特朗普开始实施贸易关税 之前相比，当前形势仍不够明朗。 拉加德指出："不确定性已下降约50%，相较于此前的状态，这是一个显著改善。但我们仍面临诸多不 确定性，所有人都必须应对这一现状。" 欧洲央行上周连续第二次会议维持借贷利率不变。在此之前，该行曾在一年内八次下调利率，每次下调 幅度均为25个基点。政策制定者预计，通胀率在明年暂时低于目标水平后，将稳定在2%左右的目标区 间;未来几个季度，经济也将逐步增强势头。 多名官员表示，只要经济未遭遇重大冲击，就无需进一步实施宽松政策。不过，也有部分官员认为，不 应排除采取更多政策措施的可能性。 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Federal Reserve has announced its first interest rate cut of the year, reducing the benchmark rate by 25 basis points to a target range of 4%-4.25% [1] Economic Activity - Recent data indicates that economic activity has grown moderately in the first half of the year [1] - Employment growth has slowed, and the unemployment rate has slightly increased but remains low [1] - Inflation levels have risen and continue to exceed expectations [1] Federal Reserve's Commitment - The Federal Reserve emphasizes its commitment to maximizing employment and achieving a long-term inflation target of 2% [1] - The Fed will continue to carefully assess various data, economic outlooks, and risk balances [1] Asset Holdings - The Federal Reserve has clarified its intention to continue reducing its holdings of Treasury securities, agency debt, and agency mortgage-backed securities [1]

Group 1 - The South African Reserve Bank (SARB) has decided to maintain the benchmark interest rate at 7% to adopt a cautious stance amid inflation pressures, global uncertainties, and a bleak domestic economic outlook [1] - The monetary policy committee had six members, with four in favor of maintaining the rate and two advocating for a 25 basis point cut, aligning with market expectations [1] - SARB Governor Lesetja Kganyago expressed confidence in achieving the 3% inflation target, although adjustments may take longer than anticipated [1] Group 2 - The economic growth forecast for 2025 has been revised upward from 0.9% to 1.2%, but export predictions have been downgraded from a growth of 2.6% to a contraction of 0.2% due to increased tariffs on South African goods by the U.S. [1] - The Consumer Price Index (CPI) year-on-year growth rate fell to 3.3% in August, with core inflation at 3.1% [1] - SARB projects average inflation rates of 3.4% and 3.6% for 2025 and 2026, respectively, with expectations to return to 3% by 2027 [1] Group 3 - The Chief Economist of First National Bank highlighted that interest rates are just one factor affecting confidence, emphasizing the importance of improving income and employment [2] - Despite improvements in consumer confidence, business confidence remains low, indicating an overall negative sentiment [2] - SARB and the Treasury are working on establishing a new inflation target to stabilize expectations, with ongoing communication between the Governor and the Finance Minister [2]

Group 1 - The Federal Reserve announced a 25 basis point reduction in the federal funds rate target range from 4.25%-4.50% to 4.0%-4.25% [1] - The Fed's statement highlighted a slowdown in economic activity growth and a slight increase in the unemployment rate, although it remains at historically low levels [1] - The Fed aims to achieve full employment and maintain a long-term inflation rate of 2%, while acknowledging high uncertainty in the current economic outlook [2] Group 2 - The decision to lower interest rates was influenced by increased downside risks in the labor market, which were a significant consideration for the policy adjustment [1] - The Fed will continue to monitor a wide range of economic indicators, including labor market conditions and inflation pressures, to guide future monetary policy adjustments [2] - The recent rate cut was viewed by the market as a preemptive measure against weakening economic momentum, despite inflation remaining above target [2]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article highlights that the optimistic expectations for the Federal Reserve to initiate a rate cut have significantly driven up both the U.S. stock and bond markets, but the outcome of the upcoming meeting may serve as a critical turning point, potentially leading to new market volatility if the motivations behind the decision are questioned [1][3]. - Recent market data indicates that due to signs of weakness in the U.S. labor market, investors are betting on a 25 basis point rate cut this month, with expectations continuing into next year. This has led to a notable decline in the 10-year U.S. Treasury yield from nearly 5% in late May to around 4% [3][4]. - The total market capitalization of the stock market has increased by approximately $14 trillion since the end of last year, with traditional "60/40" stock-bond allocation strategies yielding substantial returns [3]. Group 2 - David Kelly expresses concerns regarding the core issue of the Federal Reserve's "motivation" for rate cuts, suggesting that if the decision is perceived as yielding to certain pressures rather than being based on independent economic judgment, it could introduce new uncertainties for the U.S. financial markets and the dollar [3][4]. - The report emphasizes that the independence and transparency of monetary policy decisions are crucial for maintaining market confidence, and any actions that lead market participants to doubt this independence could trigger new volatility [4]. - Other institutions, including Morgan Stanley and Oppenheimer Asset Management, share similar concerns, indicating that the record market rally may pause as the focus shifts from liquidity expectations to a reassessment of economic fundamentals [4].

Group 1 - The European Central Bank (ECB) does not need to further lower interest rates to achieve stable inflation levels, according to Christodoulos Patsalides, a member of the ECB Governing Council [1] - The ECB is currently in a favorable position, with inflation risks balanced, and the next adjustment of the benchmark interest rate is more likely to be an increase [1][3] - The ECB has maintained the deposit rate at 2% for two consecutive meetings, and there is a general consensus among investors and analysts that no further rate cuts will occur following eight reductions since June 2024 [1][3] Group 2 - The Eurozone economy faces risks from U.S. trade policies established during the Trump administration, which could lead to further measures from the U.S. in response to EU actions against Google [2] - Trade tensions create dual risks for inflation: demand suppression due to risk aversion could lower inflation, while supply chain disruptions could push prices up [2] - Patsalides believes that inflation risks are balanced, with the ECB's forecast indicating a consumer price index (CPI) increase of 1.7% next year and a slight decrease in inflation expectations for 2027 compared to previous forecasts [3][6] Group 3 - The ECB's forecast suggests that inflation will temporarily deviate from the 2% target in 2026 but is expected to rebound to 1.9% by 2027, indicating no long-term concerns about inflation falling below target levels [6] - Patsalides attributes the adjustments in forecast values to technical assumptions like exchange rates rather than fundamental changes, advocating for a stable policy approach without immediate action [7]