（原标题：2026年财政法案：阿尔及利亚国民议会通过文本） 审议期间，委员会逐项听取修正案提出者的意见，讨论重点包括：减轻部分税费负担、进行有针对 性的财政调整、修改敏感预算条款，以及提升国家经济吸引力的措施。经过多轮讨论，委员会采纳了新 修正案并对部分条款进行修改，使法案更契合国家的经济和社会发展目标。文本在保持财政可持续性的 同时，更好地支持国家正在实施的结构性改革，并更加贴合公众期待，包括税制现代化、促进生产型投 资以及公共支出的合理化。 在国民议会通过后，法案将提交给国民院（Conseil de la Nation，阿国民院）进行二次审议，该程 序完成后，《2026年财政法案》将于明年初正式生效。 新闻网站Algérie 360，11月18日报道，阿尔及利亚国民议会(APN) 于2025年11月18日在议长布加利 主持的全体会议上正式通过《2026年财政法案》草案。这一通过标志着阿尔及利亚在当前经济改革加 速、财政框架需不断调整的背景下迈出的重要立法步骤。 在表决前，财政与预算委员会提交了补充报告，显示议员们围绕文本提出了12项修正建议，内容涉 及税收政策、促进增长机制以及改进公共管理绩效等领域。相关 ...

UNICEF此次人员变动是联合国机构一系列裁员和重组行动中的最新一例。11月18日，世界卫生组织表 示，到明年年中，其员工人数将减少近1/4，即超过2000个岗位。国际劳工组织也在考虑裁减多达295个 职位，并将数十名工作人员迁走，原因是该组织面临"严峻"的现金流问题。 路透社称，由于美国和欧洲主要捐助国大幅削减对外援助支出，联合国各机构正面临严峻的经费压力和 结构性改革需求。据联合国秘书长古特雷斯介绍，截至去年年底，联合国会员国拖欠会费高达7.6亿美 元。据英国《卫报》此前报道，联合国将在2026年削减超5亿美元预算，并裁减约20%的员工。 【环球时报报道 记者 周扬】联合国儿童基金会（UNICEF）19 日晚表示，因全球对外援助削减，该机 构面临20%的资金缩减，决定将至少70%的员工从纽约和日内瓦迁至成本较低的办公地点，例如罗马、 布达佩斯、伊斯坦布尔和瓦伦西亚等地。今年 5 月，UNICEF就表示，将把欧洲和中亚区域办事处与中 东和北非区域办事处合并为一个区域办事处，新总部将设在约旦安曼。 瑞士《日内瓦论坛报》19日报道称，位于日内瓦的UNICEF欧洲和中亚区域办事处或有约300个岗位被 迁出。瑞士外 ...

Core Insights - The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has raised the economic growth forecast for the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region to 3.3% for 2025 and 3.7% for the next year [1] Economic Outlook - The IMF highlights that oil-exporting countries in the region will benefit from increased oil production, expanded public investment, and economic diversification [1] - Oil-importing countries are expected to gain from lower commodity prices, a recovering tourism sector, and increased government support [1] Structural Reforms - The IMF calls for further structural reforms in the region, including measures to expand infrastructure investment, reduce trade barriers, and improve the business environment [1] Economic Resilience - The IMF's regional director notes that Gulf oil-exporting countries are showing effective economic diversification and enhanced resilience to external shocks [1] Reconstruction Needs - Countries affected by conflicts, such as Syria, Iraq, Gaza, Libya, and Yemen, require substantial funding for economic reconstruction, estimated to be as high as $5 trillion [1] - The IMF emphasizes the importance of infrastructure development and trade integration to help these economies reintegrate into the regional economy [1]

Core Viewpoint - The U.S. federal government has ended the longest shutdown in history, lasting 43 days, but the situation has exacerbated the already critical federal debt, which has surpassed $38 trillion, raising concerns about fiscal sustainability and the current federal policies [1][2]. Group 1: Reasons for Rising U.S. National Debt - The rapid increase in U.S. national debt is attributed to two main factors: a large existing debt stock and high new deficits, leading to a "snowball effect" where new debt is issued to pay off old debt [2][4]. - Structural spending growth, particularly in social security and healthcare, coupled with slow growth in fiscal revenue, has created a mismatch between spending and income, resulting in a deficit structure [4][5]. - The rising cost of debt due to multiple interest rate hikes by the Federal Reserve to combat economic slowdown and inflation has further expanded the debt scale [4][5]. Group 2: Consequences of High National Debt - In the short term, high national debt will lead to sustained inflation, a loss of the highest credit rating for U.S. Treasury bonds, and increased volatility in bond yields [7][8]. - Long-term effects include erosion of budgetary space for the government, reduced fiscal flexibility during economic downturns, and increased borrowing costs due to rising risk premiums [9][10]. - The societal impact includes intergenerational debt transfer, where the current generation's debt burden will fall on future generations [9][10]. Group 3: Policy Responses and Challenges - The U.S. government has limited policy tools to address the rising debt, with current strategies focusing on increasing revenue through tariffs and reducing spending, but these measures face significant political resistance [10][12]. - Structural reforms are necessary to address the underlying issues of debt, including tax reforms and adjustments to high-spending programs like healthcare and social security [13]. - Achieving a bipartisan consensus on long-term fiscal responsibility remains a significant challenge due to increasing political polarization [13].

Core Insights - Mauritania's government has reached a staff-level agreement with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) regarding the fifth economic program review under the Extended Credit Facility (ECF) and the Extended Fund Facility (EFF), as well as the fourth review under the Resilience and Sustainability Fund (RSF) [1] Group 1: Reform Achievements - Mauritania has made significant progress in fiscal discipline, governance capacity, and climate resilience, with all fiscal discipline targets achieved and improvements in monetary and exchange rate policy frameworks [2] - Following the IMF Executive Board's approval, Mauritania will receive 6.44 million Special Drawing Rights (approximately $8.7 million) and an additional 59.44 million Special Drawing Rights (approximately $80.6 million) under the RSF framework [2] Group 2: Economic Performance - Mauritania's economy remains strong, with a projected GDP growth rate of 6.3% in 2024 and stabilization at 4.2% in 2025, driven by the recovery in mining sectors such as gold and iron ore, as well as growth in agriculture and fisheries [3] - Inflation is expected to remain below 2% in 2025 due to prudent monetary policy, and international foreign exchange reserves have surpassed $1.46 billion, providing a substantial buffer against external risks [3] - The medium-term outlook indicates an average annual growth rate of around 5% for Mauritania's economy from 2026 to 2029 [3] Group 3: Structural Reforms - Structural reforms are a key focus of the discussions, with an emphasis on accelerating reforms in anti-corruption and governance, including the establishment of a national anti-corruption agency and the implementation of the Asset and Interest Declaration Law to enhance government transparency and rule of law [4] - Climate resilience initiatives will be introduced under the RSF framework, including an automatic fuel pricing mechanism and a "climate contribution" system to address climate change and free up fiscal space [4] - The central bank has implemented a national financial inclusion strategy to promote electronic payments and system interoperability, facilitating financing opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises and vulnerable groups [4] - The IMF representative praised Mauritania's progress in public finance, exchange rate flexibility, and governance systems, reaffirming the IMF's continued support for consolidating economic reform achievements [4]

Core Points - South Africa's Finance Minister Enoch Godongwana announced a downward revision of the country's 2025 economic growth forecast to 1.2%, influenced by domestic and international factors such as trade tensions and geopolitical uncertainties [1] - The new inflation target has been set at 3% with a 1% fluctuation range, replacing the previous target of 3% to 6%, to better respond to unexpected inflation shocks [1] - The government aims to stabilize public debt at 77.9% of GDP by the 2025/26 fiscal year, marking the first time since the 2008 financial crisis that public debt as a percentage of GDP will not increase [1] Economic Strategy - Structural reforms, particularly in the energy and logistics sectors, are deemed crucial for enhancing economic growth [2] - The strategy for achieving faster growth and healthier finances is based on four pillars: maintaining macroeconomic stability, implementing structural reforms, enhancing national capacity, and supporting infrastructure development [2]

Economic Outlook - The DIHK's economic survey indicates that despite government reforms, there are no signs of recovery in the German economy, with business confidence remaining low [1] - The survey, covering approximately 23,000 companies, predicts stagnation for 2023 and only a slight growth of 0.7% in 2024, which is significantly lower than most economists' forecasts [1] - The German economy is expected to experience two consecutive years of recession, with a slight growth anticipated in 2025 and a potential growth rate exceeding 1% in 2026 [1] Business Investment Sentiment - The DIHK economic climate index has decreased by 1 point to 93.8, indicating a persistently pessimistic outlook [1] - Only 15% of surveyed companies expect economic conditions to improve in the next 12 months, while a quarter anticipate worsening conditions [1] - Investment intentions remain low, with only one-fifth of companies planning to increase investments and one-third intending to cut back on investments [1] Labor Market Conditions - The labor market is facing challenges, with only 10% of companies planning to hire more employees, while 25% are considering layoffs [2] - A significant 56% of companies identify labor costs as a major operational risk, influenced by rising social insurance contributions and recent minimum wage increases [2] - The DIHK CEO emphasizes the need for the government to accelerate efforts to reduce burdens on businesses to restore confidence [2]

Core Insights - Chile's GDP per capita (PPP) is projected to reach $35,286 in 2025 and $41,860 by 2030 according to IMF data [1] - The country's economic growth has stagnated for nearly a decade, with an average growth rate of only 2%, making it increasingly difficult to catch up with European countries like Portugal and Spain [1] - Chile was once the second highest in per capita GDP in Latin America but was surpassed by Uruguay in 2022, and it is not expected to regain this position before 2030 [1] - Panama is expected to solidify its regional leadership with a projected per capita GDP exceeding $55,000 by 2030 [1] - To catch up with European nations, Chile must address its core issue of insufficient economic growth [1] - Experts suggest that achieving this goal is theoretically possible but requires stringent conditions, including significant structural reforms to raise and stabilize the average growth rate to 4% [1] - The pursuit of this goal is complicated by the fact that Portugal and Spain are also experiencing economic growth, creating a "moving target" scenario for Chile [1] - Any hesitation in policy or delays in internal reforms will further distance Chile from its desired development level [1]

Core Viewpoint - The election of Japan's first female Prime Minister, Sanae Takaichi, marks a significant political shift, but she faces complex economic challenges, including high inflation and substantial government debt [1][3]. Economic Context - Takaichi inherits a situation characterized by high inflation, with Japan's inflation rate exceeding the 2% target for several months, contrasting with the deflationary environment faced by her predecessor, Shinzo Abe [1][2]. - Japan's government debt stands at 240% of GDP, the highest among major economies, raising concerns about fiscal sustainability [1]. Policy Proposals - Takaichi plans to implement active fiscal policies, including the issuance of deficit bonds to address high inflation, although this could exacerbate the deficit [2]. - She aims to support wage increases for employees, particularly in struggling small and medium-sized enterprises, through tax reductions, though skepticism exists regarding the effectiveness of this approach [2]. - Proposed measures to alleviate consumer burdens include lowering gasoline taxes and increasing local subsidies, but the sustainability of these initiatives under Japan's strict fiscal discipline is uncertain [2]. Political Landscape - Takaichi's ascension is seen as a potential shift in the Liberal Democratic Party's (LDP) image, but historical precedents suggest that newly elected leaders often adopt more pragmatic and moderate policies once in office [2][3]. - The likelihood of a full-scale return to "Abenomics 2.0" is considered low, with expectations leaning towards more moderate, growth-oriented policies in the short term [2].

Core Points - The World Bank's Executive Board approved an $800 million concessional loan to Uzbekistan to support large-scale structural reforms aimed at reducing poverty, creating jobs, promoting private sector development, and enhancing the competitiveness of national strategic industries [1] Group 1: Social Security Reforms - The loan will increase natural gas and electricity subsidies for low-income households from 270,000 soums to 1,000,000 soums (approximately from $22 to $81) [1] - Measures will be implemented to uphold women's economic rights and protect them from workplace violence and discrimination [1] - The initiative aims to attract NGOs to provide services for vulnerable groups and expand the coverage of social services [1] Group 2: Economic and Sectoral Reforms - The program includes reforms in state-owned enterprises, agricultural development, and enhancing trade liberalization [1] - It will also support the development of the energy sector and promote green public procurement [1]