■ 我国物流成本高企的根源在于运输结构失衡与多式联运效率不足的长期矛盾。 公路运输虽承担着七成以上 的货运量， 但其单位成本和碳排放强度远高于水运。在此背景下，加快运河网络与高等级航道建设成为破局 关键——通过提升水运比重优化运输结构，配合智能化港口与自动化装卸设备强化铁水、公水联运的无缝衔 接，可系统性降低物流总成本。 ■ 内陆运河建设正悄然重塑中国经济地理格局。 当西江航道网将西南区域与大湾区的货运时效压缩至36小 时，西部地区低成本能源优势与东部地区沿海港口物流优势自此实现了跨区域联动，为未来优化产业布局提供 了基建基础。这种"空间折叠"效应不仅推动化工、冶金等产业向新能源富集区梯度转移，更促进生产要素在全 国范围内的优化重组，为构建多中心、网络化的产业布局奠定基础，最终推动东中西部从发展断层走向协同共 生的新格局。 ■ 我国水运体系正通过"高标基建—联运协同—智能节点"三层次布局， 支撑国家物流降本与经济一体化战 略：核心主线层面聚焦于高标准航道建设， 未来十年投资缺口 约1万亿元。由线向面的扩展指向多式联运体系 优化。地理条件受限下，需整合水运、铁路、公路等多方式协同。未来仍需进一步投入港口专用线网 ...

Core Viewpoint - The high logistics costs in China are rooted in the long-standing imbalance in transportation structure and insufficient efficiency of multimodal transport, necessitating the construction of canal networks and high-grade waterways to optimize transportation structure and reduce overall logistics costs [1][5]. Group 1: Logistics Cost Optimization and Transportation Structure Upgrade - The construction of canals can optimize national logistics costs, rationally allocate water resources, and support ecological restoration while helping inland areas break geographical constraints for industrial restructuring [5][8]. - In 2023, the ratio of social logistics costs to GDP in China was 14.4%, higher than the average level of developed countries, indicating a pressing need to lower logistics costs and enhance efficiency [8][10]. - The reliance on road transport, which accounts for over 70% of freight volume, results in higher unit costs and carbon emissions compared to water transport, highlighting the need for structural adjustments [11][13]. Group 2: Waterway Construction and Economic Geography - The construction of inland canals is reshaping China's economic geography, facilitating cross-regional linkages between low-cost energy in the west and logistics advantages in the east, thus providing a foundation for optimizing industrial layout [7][25]. - The West River waterway network compresses freight time between the southwest region and the Greater Bay Area to 36 hours, promoting a multi-center, networked industrial layout [7][31]. Group 3: Investment in Water Transport Infrastructure - China's water transport system is being developed through a three-tier layout of "high-standard infrastructure—coordinated transport—smart nodes," with a projected investment gap of approximately 1 trillion yuan over the next decade for high-standard waterway construction [2][34]. - The market size for upgrading smart ports, which are crucial for multimodal transport, is estimated to reach 1.3 trillion yuan, with about 80% of the 2,878 major berths nationwide facing the need for intelligent transformation [2][54]. Group 4: Ecological Restoration and Water Resource Allocation - Canals play a vital role in water resource allocation and ecological restoration, as demonstrated by the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, which has significantly improved water supply conditions in northern regions [17][19]. - The economic value of water resource allocation through canals has been validated, with significant reductions in agricultural water costs and improvements in groundwater levels in areas like Hebei [18][21]. Group 5: Multimodal Transport Development - The development of multimodal transport is essential for enhancing the efficiency of canal systems, with significant progress observed in rail-water intermodal transport, which has seen a 15% year-on-year increase in 2024 [49][50]. - The integration of various transport modes can effectively overcome geographical limitations, improve logistics efficiency, and promote high-quality development of the logistics system [45][49]. Group 6: Future Prospects and Strategic Importance - The construction of high-standard waterways is expected to improve the balance of regional industrial distribution in China, facilitating the development of energy-intensive industries in the west while alleviating pressures in the east [31][32]. - The strategic importance of developing smart ports and multimodal transport systems is underscored by the need for enhanced resource integration and operational efficiency in the logistics sector [54][53].