财政部副部长廖岷在国新办"高质量完成'十四五'规划"系列主题新闻发布会上表示，党的二十届三中全 会对深化财税体制改革作出明确部署，财政部也已经制定了实施方案，还有分年度的工作计划，正在抓 紧推进。下一步根据形势的变化，会条件成熟一项，推出一项。（智通财经） 市场有风险，投资需谨慎。本文不构成个人投资建议，也未考虑到个别用户特殊的投资目标、财务状况或需要。用户应考虑本文中的任何 意见、观点或结论是否符合其特定状况。据此投资，责任自负。 风险提示及免责条款 ...

Core Points - The meeting emphasized the importance of aligning thoughts and actions with the decisions of the Central Committee, aiming to support the overall economic and social development goals for the year and successfully conclude the "14th Five-Year Plan" [1] Group 1 - The meeting reviewed the report from the Municipal Supervisory Commission regarding the rectification of corruption and misconduct issues affecting the public [2] - The government reported progress on 40 livelihood projects, with 14 projects completed or exceeding annual targets, and 3 projects ahead of schedule [2] - The meeting discussed the 2024 municipal budget execution and audit report, recommending optimization of fiscal policy, deepening tax system reforms, and enhancing audit supervision to ensure stable financial operations [2] Group 2 - The government presented a report on the execution of the national economic and social development plan for the first half of 2025, focusing on project attraction, industrial transformation, and risk prevention [3] - The meeting included reports from various officials, highlighting the collaborative efforts of different departments in achieving the city's development objectives [3]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint highlights the challenges and opportunities for China's economy during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, emphasizing the shift from high-speed growth to high-quality development and the need to address demand insufficiency [5][6][9] - The external environment is characterized by intensified trade friction with the U.S., which has escalated into a comprehensive confrontation affecting China's external demand and supply chains [4][6] - Internally, China faces structural issues such as aging population and insufficient demand, necessitating reforms in consumption and investment structures to stimulate economic growth [6][8] Group 2 - The economic growth rate during the "14th Five-Year Plan" is projected to be in the range of 4.5% to 5%, with a focus on balancing nominal and actual growth rates [6][10] - Key challenges include ongoing trade tensions, demographic shifts leading to labor shortages, and local government debt issues that require systemic reforms [6][11] - Opportunities arise from strengthening non-U.S. trade alliances, leveraging the potential of a unified domestic market, and fostering human capital and technological innovation [7][9] Group 3 - The planning and reform strategies for the "14th Five-Year Plan" should focus on balancing supply and demand, optimizing investment and consumption, and enhancing the relationship between manufacturing and service sectors [8][9] - Macro-control systems need to transition to prioritize nominal growth and adjust fiscal and monetary policies accordingly [10][13] - Structural reforms should aim to improve income distribution, accelerate urbanization, and enhance the fiscal system to support consumption and economic balance [11][12][13] Group 4 - The development of high-quality services in sectors such as healthcare, tourism, and elder care is essential to meet the growing demand for quality services [16] - Encouraging private sector participation and reducing market entry barriers will be crucial for service industry growth [16] - Strengthening regulatory frameworks to protect consumer rights and promote new service consumption models will enhance market stability and growth [16]

Core Viewpoint - The current fiscal and tax system in China faces significant challenges, necessitating deeper structural reforms to enhance public service provision and promote social equity [1] Group 1: Challenges in the Fiscal System - The total growth of fiscal revenue is slowing, with the projected national general public budget revenue for 2024 at 22 trillion yuan, reflecting a year-on-year increase of only 1.3% [1] - The proportion of indirect taxes, such as value-added tax and consumption tax, is high, while the share of direct taxes is low, indicating a need for further optimization of the tax structure [1] - The low proportion of personal income tax revenue compared to the high proportion of corporate income tax revenue is unfavorable for improving income distribution and boosting consumption [1] Group 2: Recommendations for Reform - Enhance tax capacity by maintaining an appropriate tax-to-GDP ratio, expanding the tax base while keeping tax rates reasonable, and increasing public awareness of tax obligations [2] - Centralize social security coordination, clarify the fiscal responsibilities between central and local governments, and consider establishing "public service personal accounts" for direct access to services [2] - Expand the scale of government debt and increase the deficit ratio, issuing more national bonds to develop a comprehensive national bond yield curve and stimulate the financial market [2] - Align fiscal reforms with other structural reforms, including land property rights and household registration system reforms [3]

Core Viewpoint - The pressure on county-level finance is not only due to the overall financial volume but also stems from structural pressures that require reform in the fiscal and tax system, particularly in matching financial authority with expenditure responsibilities [1][6]. Summary by Sections Daily Operations of County Finance - The daily routine of a county finance officer involves managing numerous requests for funding from local enterprises and ensuring timely disbursement of funds [2][3][4]. - A significant portion of the officer's work is dedicated to raising funds and repaying debts, with limited resources available for other fiscal responsibilities [4][10]. Financial Responsibilities and Challenges - County-level finance is under increasing pressure due to rising expenditure responsibilities, particularly in areas like social security and public service projects, which often lack corresponding funding from higher levels of government [5][14]. - In 2025, the monthly rigid expenditure for the county is approximately 800 million yuan, while the actual monthly income is only about 100 million yuan, leading to a significant financial gap [14]. Structural Issues in Fiscal Management - The mismatch between financial authority and expenditure responsibilities is a critical issue that needs urgent reform to alleviate the financial strain on local governments [6][17]. - Many local governments face challenges in managing special funds and debts, often resorting to reallocating funds from other projects to meet immediate financial obligations [14][16]. Reform Needs - There is a pressing need for reforms that align local government responsibilities with adequate financial resources, as many debts arise from mandated projects without sufficient funding [17]. - The current fiscal challenges cannot be resolved solely by local governments and require higher-level reforms, particularly in clarifying expenditure responsibilities and improving the financial relationship between central and local governments [17].

Core Viewpoint - The audit reports from 17 provinces reveal significant issues in the management and usage of special bonds, despite their effectiveness in stabilizing investment and the economy. The problems include data inaccuracies, project delays, and underperformance in expected returns, which pose potential risks to local governments' ability to repay interest on these bonds [1][2][4]. Special Bond Issues Overview - The issuance of special bonds has been increasing, with an expected issuance of 4.4 trillion yuan this year. As of June, the total local government special bond debt reached approximately 34.8 trillion yuan, accounting for about 67% of total local debt [1]. - Audit reports highlight that some local governments have exaggerated project benefits to secure special bond funding, leading to mismanagement and inefficiencies [2][3]. Project Management Challenges - Many special bond projects are experiencing slow progress or have been halted, resulting in potential economic losses. For instance, in Sichuan, 10 projects were either not started or had been halted, with total investments of 150.8 billion yuan, of which 133.01 billion yuan were from bond funds [3]. - In Hebei, three projects were terminated due to inadequate land conditions, leading to a loss of 14.5 million yuan in upfront costs [3]. Monitoring and Data Integrity Issues - The special bond monitoring system is found to be flawed, with discrepancies between reported and actual expenditures. This hampers the ability of financial authorities to conduct comprehensive risk monitoring [4]. Root Causes of Problems - Local governments often lack the necessary project management capabilities and risk assessment skills, leading to inflated project proposals and unrealistic revenue expectations [7][8]. - The decreasing number of public welfare projects that can cover interest payments has contributed to the issue of overstated project benefits [8]. Policy Responses and Recommendations - The State Council has introduced measures to optimize the management of special bonds, including a "negative list" approach to broaden the scope of eligible projects and allow for more flexible funding arrangements [9]. - Recommendations include enhancing project feasibility assessments, involving financial institutions in preliminary evaluations, and shifting from a "funding for projects" to a "project-driven funding" approach to ensure effective allocation of resources [10][11].

Core Insights - The use of special bonds by local governments has shown significant effects on stabilizing investment and the economy, but issues in fund management and project oversight have been highlighted by recent audits [1][2][3] Group 1: Issues Identified - Recent audits from 17 provinces revealed problems in the management and use of special bond funds, including data inaccuracies in monitoring systems that hinder risk control [1][2] - Some local governments have exaggerated project benefits during the application process, leading to slow project progress or even project halts, resulting in idle funds [1][3] - There are instances of fund misappropriation, with some localities using special bond funds for unrelated expenditures, such as repaying loans or covering operational costs [4][5] Group 2: Financial Context - The scale of special bond issuance has been increasing, with an expected issuance of 4.4 trillion yuan this year, and the total local government special debt reaching approximately 34.8 trillion yuan by mid-year [2] - The reliance on special bonds as a financing tool has grown, especially during economic downturns, but the management capabilities of local governments have not kept pace with the rapid expansion of debt [2][8] Group 3: Underlying Causes - The lack of rigorous project evaluation and risk assessment has led to inflated project claims, with local governments often rushing to secure funding without thorough feasibility studies [8][9] - The mismatch between project financing and actual revenue generation has been a persistent issue, with many projects failing to meet expected returns [9][10] Group 4: Regulatory Responses - The State Council has initiated measures to address these issues, including the introduction of a "negative list" management model for special bond projects to enhance flexibility in fund allocation [12][13] - Recommendations for improving project evaluation processes include involving financial institutions in assessments and ensuring that revenue projections are realistic [13][14] Group 5: Future Directions - There is a call for deeper fiscal reforms to clarify the role of special bonds, ensuring they are used specifically for projects that can generate sufficient returns to cover debt obligations [15]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the news is that over the past decade, China's fiscal and tax reforms have significantly strengthened the country's financial capabilities, with substantial reductions in tax burdens and an increase in the number of market entities [1][2][3] - The total tax reductions and fee cuts over the past ten years amount to 8.8 trillion yuan, with the number of newly registered tax-related market entities exceeding 90 million [1][2] - From 2012 to 2021, the national general public budget revenue increased from 11.73 trillion yuan to 20.25 trillion yuan, with a total of 163.05 trillion yuan accumulated over the decade, reflecting an average annual growth rate of 6.9% [1][2] Group 2 - The national general public budget expenditure grew from 12.6 trillion yuan in 2012 to 24.63 trillion yuan in 2021, totaling 193.64 trillion yuan over ten years, with an average annual growth rate of 8.5% [1][2] - The macroeconomic regulation of fiscal policy has been continuously improved, with active fiscal policies implemented from 2012 to 2021, effectively reducing economic cycle fluctuations and supporting high-quality economic development [2][3] - The number of general VAT taxpayers increased from 5.44 million at the end of 2015 to 12.38 million by the end of 2021, indicating a sustained effect of stimulating market vitality through tax reductions [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of a scientific fiscal and tax system as a guarantee for optimizing resource allocation, maintaining market unity, promoting social equity, and achieving long-term national stability [1] Group 1: Budget System Reform - The zero-based budgeting reform is a significant aspect of budget system reform, aiming to break the rigid pattern of "base + growth" and optimize fiscal expenditure structure [2] - The government has allocated 300 billion yuan in special bonds to support consumption upgrades, an increase of 150 billion yuan from the previous year, and 200 billion yuan for equipment updates, an increase of 50 billion yuan [2] - The budget reflects national strategies and policies, serving as a crucial support for modernizing the governance system and capabilities [3] Group 2: Tax System Reform - The personal income tax reform has shown positive progress, with 119 million taxpayers benefiting from special deductions, resulting in a 156.5% increase in tax reduction amounts from 116 billion yuan in 2020 to nearly 300 billion yuan this year [4][5] - The green tax system has been continuously improved during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, generating 2.5 trillion yuan in revenue from environmental protection and resource taxes from 2021 to June this year [5][6] - The tax legal system has been enhanced, with 14 out of 18 existing tax types now having dedicated laws, improving the overall tax collection efficiency [6] Group 3: Central-Local Fiscal Relations - The reform plan for the division of fiscal responsibilities and expenditure responsibilities in the field of intellectual property will be implemented on January 1, 2024, covering seven aspects of management and service [7] - The reform of central-local fiscal relations is crucial for modern governance, with ongoing efforts to clarify responsibilities and improve transfer payment systems to promote regional coordination and equalization of public services [8]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of a scientific fiscal and tax system as a guarantee for optimizing resource allocation, maintaining market unity, promoting social equity, and achieving long-term national stability [1] Group 1: Budget System Reform - The zero-based budgeting reform is a significant aspect of the budget system reform, aiming to break the rigid pattern of "base + growth" and optimize fiscal expenditure structure [2] - The government has allocated 300 billion yuan in special bonds to support consumption upgrades, an increase of 150 billion yuan from the previous year, and 200 billion yuan for equipment updates, an increase of 50 billion yuan [2] - The budget reflects national strategies and policies, serving as a crucial support for modernizing the governance system and capabilities [3] Group 2: Tax System Reform - The personal income tax reform has shown positive progress, with 119 million taxpayers benefiting from special deductions, resulting in a 156.5% increase in tax reduction amounts from 116 billion yuan in 2020 to nearly 300 billion yuan this year [4][5] - The green tax system has been continuously improved during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, generating 2.5 trillion yuan in revenue from environmental protection and resource taxes from 2021 to June this year [5][6] - The tax legal system has been enhanced, with 14 out of 18 current tax types having established legal frameworks, facilitating better tax management and compliance [6] Group 3: Central-Local Fiscal Relations - The reform of the division of fiscal responsibilities and expenditure responsibilities between central and local governments in the field of intellectual property will be implemented starting January 1, 2024 [7] - The ongoing reform of central-local fiscal relations aims to enhance the equalization of basic public services and improve the central government's regulatory capacity [8] - The transfer payment system reform is deepening, establishing mechanisms to promote high-quality development and strengthen budget performance constraints [8]