此轮税改堪称印度自2017年税制统一以来的最大改革。莫迪政府希望以税改为杠杆撬动经济增长，从而 为自己的政治前途博取更多民意支持。短期看，税改有望让民生得到改善，但从中长期而言，税改能否 坚持、能否见效，取决于政府能否在财政承压、技术升级与央地协调等诸多方面取得平衡，而这种平衡 关乎莫迪政府"印度制造"战略的推进和印度在全球价值链中的地位。 （文章来源：经济日报） 税改是莫迪政府在当前国际经济形势下实现印度"强国梦"的重要举措。然而，国内外种种现实因素仍然 让莫迪政府的经济改革面临不少挑战。 首先，税改负面因素难以忽视。评级机构穆迪认为，尽管印度全面的商品及服务税改革将促进消费，但 是，印度政府放弃的收入可能会限制财政整顿和债务削减的进展。短期内，减税带来的市场活力能否兑 现，尤其是能否弥补政府财政收入降低所造成的缺口，是一个不能忽视的问题。 其次，政策执行效果有待观察。根据印度国内的税制，印度的中央政府统一征税后与各邦分成，地方屡 屡抱怨自己没有足够的财政自主权，例如泰米尔纳德邦等富裕地区多次表示税收分配不公。此次税改结 果令许多地方政府认为是"中央动了奶酪"，对中央总揽财权的不满更甚，此种矛盾为税制长期稳 ...

法案还提出设立全国税务争议协调委员会，统一IBS与CBS的行政司法解释；引入"自动分账支 付"（split payment）机制，在交易发生时即将税款直接划分至政府账户，以降低偷逃税风险；并规定饮 料含糖税将在2029至2033年间逐步引入。 其他条款包括：允许企业在ICMS废止后继续使用累积税收抵免，用于抵扣IBS或转让他人；将残疾人购 车税收减免额度从7万雷亚尔提升至10万雷亚尔；明确私人养老金继承不再征收遗产税和赠与税；允许 政府在不动产转让税（ITBI）上实行预缴选项等。 新华财经圣保罗10月2日电（记者杨家和）巴西参议院9月30日通过了税制改革第二部分的配套法案，涉 及新税种的运行规则及治理架构。草案仍需提交众议院审议后方可正式生效。 该法案明确了商品与服务税（IBS）和商品与服务贡献税（CBS）的实施细则。按照改革安排，IBS将 逐步取代现行的州级流转税（ICMS）和市级服务税（ISS），并由新设立的IBS管理委员会负责征收和 分配。委员会将作为具有特殊性质的公共机构运作，确保州与市之间的收入分配。 参议院通过的版本规定，IBS的参考税率将基于2024年至2026年间的ICMS和ISS收入计算。为 ...

Core Viewpoint - The upcoming election for the president of Japan's ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) on October 4, 2025, is significant, with candidate Shinjiro Koizumi currently leading in public opinion polls. His election could lead to yen appreciation and limited upward potential for the stock market, depending on his policy implementation, which currently lacks specificity [2][13]. Candidate Background - Shinjiro Koizumi, born on April 14, 1981, is a prominent political figure from a political family, having served as Minister of the Environment. He has a strong educational background, including a master's degree in political science from Columbia University [3][4]. Political Experience - Koizumi has held various significant positions within the LDP, including Youth Bureau Director and Minister of the Environment. He has been involved in key policy-making roles and has a history of electoral success, although he faced challenges in the 2024 LDP presidential election [4][5]. Economic and Financial Policy Proposals - Koizumi's economic policies have shifted from structural reforms focusing on labor market deregulation to prioritizing living support and inflation response. His proposals include establishing wage increases above inflation rates as a social norm and setting ambitious investment and salary growth targets for 2030 [7][8]. Tax Reform Initiatives - Koizumi advocates for tax reforms, including the abolition of temporary gasoline taxes and dynamic adjustments to income tax exemptions based on inflation and wage growth. However, the effectiveness of these proposals remains uncertain due to a lack of detailed implementation plans [9]. Monetary Policy Stance - Koizumi respects the independence of the Bank of Japan while emphasizing the importance of policy coordination. He has not indicated a strong preference for specific monetary policies, suggesting that monetary policy decisions will largely be left to experts [10]. Currency and Fiscal Policy - Koizumi does not express a particular preference for the yen's exchange rate, indicating a more tolerant view towards a weaker yen. His fiscal approach leans towards maintaining fiscal discipline while utilizing tax revenue growth from inflation to support economic stability [11][12]. Market Implications of Koizumi's Election - If elected, Koizumi's tighter fiscal stance may lead to yen appreciation and potential downward pressure on the stock market. His policies, while ambitious, currently lack clear implementation strategies, which could affect their economic impact [13][14]. Current Public Opinion - Recent polls show Koizumi leading among LDP members with 32% support, followed closely by another candidate. The election outcome remains uncertain as the voting date approaches [14].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of maintaining the growth of China's automotive industry amidst changing market conditions and suggests that both domestic and international growth factors may weaken in the future [2][3]. Group 1: Current Growth Factors - The domestic market's growth is primarily driven by policies such as trade-in incentives and price subsidies, while the international market benefits from China's enhanced reputation for manufacturing, technological advancements in electric and smart vehicles, and cost advantages due to inflation in major markets [2]. - The domestic automotive market has reached a saturation point where the initial surge in vehicle purchases has passed, and future growth may depend on the sustainability of subsidy policies [2]. - China's automotive exports have seen rapid growth, but maintaining this momentum may be challenging as the market has matured and competition increases [2]. Group 2: Economic Implications - The automotive industry is crucial for supporting China's economy, especially during the transition to high-quality growth, and it should aim to grow faster than GDP to drive overall economic development [3]. - The industry faces challenges such as limited capacity for rapid expansion and the need for innovation, necessitating systemic policy changes to stimulate consumption and market development [3]. Group 3: Policy Recommendations - To promote domestic market growth while achieving carbon neutrality goals, the article suggests increasing local government tax revenues from expanded automotive consumption and shifting focus from attracting investment to market expansion [5]. - A fundamental reform of the tax system is recommended, transitioning from a value-added tax to a consumption tax to better align with practices in leading automotive nations [5]. - The introduction of a green tax system based on carbon taxes is proposed to support the growth of electric vehicles without increasing the overall tax burden [5]. Group 4: Industry Preparedness - The automotive industry must prepare for tax reforms that could impact market stability, ensuring a smooth transition for both new energy vehicles and traditional fuel vehicles [6]. - Sales service enterprises should innovate service models to increase revenue in response to market changes, while manufacturers should focus on producing smaller, cost-effective vehicles that support the green transition [7].

Core Viewpoint - The company is facing pressure on its performance in the first half of 2025, but there is potential for improvement in the second half due to the upcoming peak season for refined oil transportation. The dividend yield is expected to increase, supporting a positive outlook for shareholders [1][3]. Financial Performance - In the first half of 2025, the company's net profit was HKD 1.15 billion, a year-on-year decrease of 14%, primarily due to the impact of the Hong Kong international corporate tax reform [1][2]. - Excluding the impact of income tax, the company's pre-tax profit only slightly decreased by 5% [2]. - The net profit forecast for 2025-2027 has been revised down to HKD 2.2 billion, HKD 2.4 billion, and HKD 2.5 billion respectively [1]. Business Operations - The company operates a fleet of 143 vessels, including 121 operational ships, with 86 long-term leased vessels providing stable earnings [2]. - The short-term leasing segment, which includes 35 vessels, is subject to fluctuations in shipping market conditions. The earnings from the refined oil tanker joint ventures halved in the first half of the year [2]. Market Outlook - The refined oil transportation sector is expected to see a seasonal peak, which may drive performance improvements in the second half of 2025. The demand for refined oil transportation is anticipated to grow due to the global shift of refineries [2]. - The company is expected to benefit from rising refined oil imports in Europe and increasing freight rates in the westward market, which will positively impact the fourth quarter of 2025 [2]. Dividend Policy - The company has increased its interim dividend for 2025 to HKD 0.05 per share, up from HKD 0.03 per share, reflecting a commitment to enhancing shareholder returns [3]. - The current PE ratio is 5.5 times, with a dividend yield of 7.3%. If the dividend payout ratio increases to 50%, the yield could rise to 9% [3].

Core Insights - Brazilian Finance Minister Fernando Haddad highlighted that the current exchange rate has impacted tax revenue positively, with the rate at 5.30 reais per dollar [1] - The minister expressed optimism about the balance between interest rates and exchange rates, suggesting potential for interest rate reductions in the coming months [1] - Economic forecasts indicate that Brazil's annual GDP growth rate could approach 3% by the end of President Lula's term, with unemployment at historical lows and cumulative inflation expected to be the lowest in four years, below 20% [1] - Haddad hopes that Brazil's potential GDP could exceed the current estimate of 2.5%, although no specific targets or pathways were provided [1] - Regarding U.S. tariffs on Brazil, Haddad described these measures as political actions and argued that Brazil should not be treated differently from other South American countries [1] - The government plans to submit a measure to Congress aimed at stimulating investment in data centers, with anticipated tax reforms to reduce investment tax burdens, promoting digital sovereignty at competitive prices [1]

Core Viewpoint - The Chinese government emphasizes the strengthening of fiscal capacity and effectiveness during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, which is crucial for supporting national governance and meeting public expectations [1][2]. Fiscal Strength and Budget Overview - National general public budget revenue is expected to reach 106 trillion yuan, an increase of 17 trillion yuan or approximately 19% compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan" period [1]. - General public budget expenditure is projected to exceed 136 trillion yuan, an increase of 26 trillion yuan or 24% compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan" period [1]. Economic Policy and Development - Fiscal policy has become more proactive and precise, enhancing macroeconomic regulation to support stable and healthy economic development [1][2]. - The government aims to strengthen counter-cyclical adjustments and coordinate long-term development momentum [1]. Social Welfare and Public Spending - Over 70% of general public budget expenditure is allocated to social welfare, with significant investments in education, social security, healthcare, and housing [2]. - Specific allocations include 20.5 trillion yuan for education, 19.6 trillion yuan for social security and employment, 10.6 trillion yuan for healthcare, and 4 trillion yuan for housing security during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period [2]. Education and Technology Investment - National fiscal education funding is expected to exceed 25 trillion yuan, a growth of about 38% compared to the "13th Five-Year Plan" period [3]. - Fiscal support for technology is projected to reach 5.5 trillion yuan, a 34% increase from the previous period, focusing on basic research and national strategic technology tasks [3]. Fiscal and Tax System Reform - The government is committed to deepening fiscal and tax system reforms to ensure effective budget management and a sound fiscal framework [4][5]. - Key reforms include optimizing revenue and expenditure structures, enhancing the efficiency of fund usage, and improving the tax system to promote social equity and market unity [5]. Future Directions - The government plans to continue advancing fiscal support for innovation and technology, aligning with the strategy for building a strong technological nation [3][6].

Group 1 - The Ministry of Finance has developed an implementation plan and annual work schedule for fiscal and tax system reform, which is essential for advancing comprehensive reforms in other areas [1][2] - The reform focuses on three aspects: enhancing efficiency through budget system reform, promoting high-quality development, social equity, and market unity through tax system reform, and driving fiscal system reform with clear responsibilities and regional balance [1][2] Group 2 - The Ministry emphasizes the importance of optimizing revenue, expenditure, and management, with a significant increase in the funds transferred to the general public budget, which is over ten times the amount during the 13th Five-Year Plan period [1] - The central government has allocated nearly 50 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments since the beginning of the 14th Five-Year Plan, supporting local implementation of central policies [2] - The Ministry has implemented various tax reforms, including the introduction of a special deduction for childcare and significant increases in deductions for elderly and child care, benefiting over 67 million people [2]

Group 1 - The Colombian government's proposed tax reform is expected to severely impact the coal and oil industries [1] - The new tax scheme plans to align coal additional taxes with oil, imposing an extra 15% tax when coal prices exceed the historical 65th percentile [1] - The Colombian Mining Association warns that the effective tax rate for coal companies could rise to between 45% and 50%, making economic activities unsustainable [1] Group 2 - The reform intends to continue the special tax established during the unrest in the Catatumbo region, which imposes a 1% tax on the first sale or export of oil and coal [1]

Core Viewpoint - The government of Kazakhstan has approved and submitted a three-year socio-economic development forecast and national budget draft to the parliament, projecting an average annual real GDP growth rate of 5.3% over the next three years [1] Economic Projections - Nominal GDP is expected to increase from 183.8 trillion tenge in 2026 to 229.8 trillion tenge in 2028, equivalent to 42.56 billion USD [1] - The budget deficit is projected to be 2.5% of GDP in 2026, decreasing to 1.7% in 2027 and 0.9% in 2028 [1] Tax and Spending Reforms - Tax reform is anticipated to boost the proportion of spending that stimulates economic growth from 10.9% to 16.1%, providing essential infrastructure and financial support for business development [1] - The government emphasizes maintaining a socially-oriented budget in accordance with presidential directives to ensure the fulfillment of social obligations [1]