Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant information provided. Core Viewpoints of the Report - Since April 29, the interest rates of credit bonds have been oscillating downward. The 5-year, 6-year, and 7-year medium-term notes have performed well. The historical percentile of the valuation of industrial bonds with a maturity of over 5 years is generally between 3% and 7% [15]. - Local governments are implementing various measures to boost economic development, aiming to transform into "service-oriented governments" and enhance the competitiveness of local enterprises and cities [5][67]. - In the financial bond market, the yields of various financial bond varieties have declined, and the credit spreads have actively narrowed. The current preferred strategy is the coupon strategy. For Tier 2 perpetual bonds, institutions with stable liability ends can consider extending the duration in advance [5][6][87]. Summary by Related Catalogs 5y+ Industrial Bonds Selection - Consider central state-owned enterprises with significant social responsibilities and influence, such as China Chengtong and China Guoxin. For example, 25 Chengtong Holdings MTN001 has a remaining term of 9.9836 years and a ChinaBond exercise valuation of around 2.17% [15]. - Focus on provincial state-owned enterprises with investment or both urban investment and industrial attributes, like Nantong Metro, Shandong Hi-Speed, and Yuexiu Group. Institutions with high return requirements can consider Shuidi Group and Shaanxi Tourism Group. For instance, 25 Shuidi Group MTN007 has a remaining term of 2.9479 + 2 years and a ChinaBond exercise valuation of around 2.56%, and 25 Shaanxi Tourism V1 has a remaining term of 9.8603 years and a ChinaBond exercise valuation of around 3.27% [16]. - Pay attention to large provincial comprehensive investment entities, such as Fujian Investment & Development Group, which is involved in industries like electricity, gas, financial services, and railways [16]. - Focus on high-grade long-term credit bonds with good liquidity, such as Kunpeng Capital, Hengjian Holdings, and China Everbright Group. China Everbright Group has over 10-year outstanding bonds worth 3 billion yuan and a valuation of about 2.2% [17]. Urban Investment Bonds and Regional Macroeconomics Local Governments Stimulate the Economy with Various Measures - Local governments are implementing measures in various aspects, including boosting consumption, talent cultivation, salary mechanisms, institutional opening, attracting foreign investment, urban renewal, debt resolution, platform transformation, and supporting private enterprises, to enhance local market cultivation, guide enterprise transformation, and encourage scientific research innovation [5][67]. - Examples include Guangzhou's plan to boost consumption, Shenzhen's deepening of reform and opening up, Shanghai's promotion of the replication and implementation of pilot measures in the free trade zone, Shandong's support for the high-quality development of the private economy, and the improvement of the development index of small and medium-sized enterprises [46][51][56][60][66]. Investment Recommendations - Focus on "major economic provinces" with good development momentum and debt management, such as Guangdong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Shanghai, and Beijing. Consider extending the duration to 5 years [71]. - Pay attention to regions where significant policies or substantial funds for debt resolution have been implemented, such as Chongqing, Tianjin, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Gansu, Guizhou, and Yunnan. Consider a duration of 3 - 5 years [72]. - Focus on prefecture-level cities with strong industrial bases and financial support, such as cities in Hunan, Hubei, Henan, Sichuan, Chongqing, Shaanxi, Guangxi, Shanxi, and Jiangxi. Consider a duration of 2 - 3 years [73][76][78]. Financial Bond Weekly Views - The yields of various financial bond varieties have declined, and the credit spreads have actively narrowed. The current preferred strategy is the coupon strategy. For Tier 2 perpetual bonds, institutions with stable liability ends can consider extending the duration in advance. There is still a certain positive carry in short- and medium-term Tier 2 perpetual bonds, and opportunities for spread compression can be explored [6][87]. - The credit spreads of commercial bank bonds with a maturity of over 4 years are at a historical percentile of over 20% since 2022, with greater room for compression. The credit spreads of Tier 2 perpetual bonds with a maturity of over 5 years are also at a historical percentile of over 20%, with potential for spread compression and the possibility of obtaining excess returns in a downward interest rate cycle [6]. - The yield curves of 4-year and 6-year bonds have convex points, providing good riding effects [6].

1. Report Industry Investment Rating No relevant content provided. 2. Core Viewpoints of the Report - The overall operation of industrial bond - issuing entities was under pressure in 2024, with differentiated industry performance. The total operating revenue and net profit of industrial bond entities decreased year - on - year, and the proportion of loss - making enterprises increased. In 2025Q1, the overall operating revenue of industrial bond entities decreased year - on - year, while the net profit remained flat. [2][3] - The economic fundamentals are expected to continue the characteristics of domestic demand support, external demand pressure, and policy escort this year. Attention should be paid to the improvement of the fundamentals of entities under the influence of pro - growth policies. [2][13] - For the real estate industry, it is still in the bottom - building stage. Attention can be paid to the income - mining opportunities of central and state - owned enterprise real estate bonds with an implied rating of AA and above within 1 - 2 years. [4] - For the coal industry, there is downward pressure on the industry's prosperity. Short - term medium - and high - grade varieties can be focused on, and institutions with higher income requirements can appropriately invest in 1 - 2y varieties of coal enterprises with an implied rating of AA. [5] - For the steel industry, the problem of over - supply is still serious. Caution should be exercised when investing in lower - quality entities, and 1 - 2yAA + varieties can be focused on. [6] 3. Summary According to the Directory 3.1. How Did the Annual Reports and Q1 Reports of Each Industry Perform? 3.1.1. Overall Situation Analysis: The Overall Profitability Declined - In 2024, the total operating revenue and net profit of industrial bond entities decreased year - on - year, and the proportion of loss - making enterprises increased from 18% in 2023 to 21% in 2024. [13][14] - In 2025Q1, the overall operating revenue of industrial bond entities decreased by 2% year - on - year, while the net profit remained flat. [15] 3.1.2. Industry Performance: A Minority of Industries Had Positive Revenue and Net Profit Growth, and Most Industries Had Positive Growth in Operating Net Cash Flow - In 2024, about one - third of industries had positive revenue growth, and about 40% of industries had positive net profit growth. Nearly half of the industries had an increase in asset - liability ratio, and about 60% of industries had positive growth in operating net cash flow. [3] - Industries with revenue growth of over 5% in 2024 included non - ferrous metals, electronics, etc.; industries with a decline of over 5% included coal, steel, etc. [20] 3.1.3. Situations of Continuously Loss - making and Turnaround Entities - There were 79 bond - issuing industrial entities with net profit losses for 3 consecutive years or more, mainly distributed in transportation, real estate, etc. [36] - There were 20 bond - issuing industrial entities that had net profit losses for 2 consecutive years or more and turned profitable in 2024, mainly in public utilities, social services, etc. [39] 3.2. Financial Analysis of Key Industries: Real Estate, Coal, and Steel 3.2.1. Real Estate Industry: The Industry Is Still in the Bottom - building Stage, and Attention Should Be Paid to the Investment Opportunities of Central and State - owned Enterprises within 1 - 2 Years - **Fundamentals**: Pro - real - estate policies have been actively implemented, and the effect of destocking policies is gradually emerging, but the industry's prosperity is still low. [41] - **Financial Indicator Performance**: The profitability is under continuous pressure, the operating net cash flow is stable, the gaps in investment and financing net cash flows are narrowing, the median asset - liability ratio has decreased slightly, and the short - term solvency has declined. [4][50][51] - **Investment Strategy**: Attention can be paid to the income - mining opportunities of central and state - owned enterprise real estate bonds with an implied rating of AA and above within 1 - 2 years. Some 1 - year central and state - owned enterprise real estate bonds with an implied rating of AA and AA + have yields ranging from 2.2% to 2.7%. [4][61] 3.2.2. Coal Industry: There Is Downward Pressure on the Industry's Prosperity, and Attention Should Be Continuously Paid. Currently, Appropriate Investment in Lower - Grade Entities Can Be Made - **Fundamentals**: Since last year, there has been downward pressure on the coal industry's prosperity. Supply is sufficient but demand is weak, and coal prices have fluctuated downward. There may still be some downward pressure on coal prices this year. [5][63] - **Financial Indicator Performance**: The overall profitability has declined, the operating net cash flow has shrunk, the gap in investment cash flow has widened, the gap in financing cash flow has narrowed, the median asset - liability ratio has decreased, and the short - term solvency has declined. [5][68][71] - **Investment Strategy**: Short - term medium - and high - grade varieties can be focused on. Institutions with higher income requirements can appropriately invest in 1 - 2y varieties of coal enterprises with an implied rating of AA, and medium - and high - grade entities can extend the duration to 3y. [5][77] 3.2.3. Steel Industry: The Problem of Over - Supply in the Industry Is Still Serious. Caution Should Be Exercised When Investing in Lower - Quality Entities - **Fundamentals**: Since 2024, the steel industry has been in the bottom - exploring stage. Although the pro - growth policies have slightly improved the industry's prosperity, the sustainability is weak. The problem of over - supply is still serious. [6] - **Financial Indicator Performance**: The profitability has been under continuous pressure, with a marginal improvement in Q1. The operating net cash flow has shrunk, the gap in investment net cash flow has widened, the financing net cash flow has turned positive, the median asset - liability ratio has increased, and the short - term solvency has slightly declined. [6] - **Investment Strategy**: Caution should be exercised when investing in lower - quality entities. 1 - 2yAA + varieties can be focused on. [6]

Core Insights - The issuance of industrial bonds has significantly increased in 2023, with a total of 21 large-scale projects (over 10 billion) and a cumulative issuance of 311 billion yuan, doubling compared to the same period last year [1] - The industrial bond market is experiencing robust growth due to strong policy support and sustained market demand, particularly benefiting infrastructure and urban development projects [1][2] - The total issuance of industrial bonds reached 4.11 trillion yuan with 4,309 bonds issued, marking a year-on-year increase of 10.57% in quantity and 1.6% in scale [2] - The exchange market has shown remarkable performance, with 1,206 bonds issued, surpassing 1 trillion yuan, and experiencing a year-on-year growth of 45.13% in quantity and 30.31% in scale [2] - Industrial bonds are increasingly directed towards key economic sectors, with a focus on public utilities, energy, and industrial upgrades, reflecting their role in supporting national strategies [3] Market Dynamics - Despite the growth, there are challenges in investor engagement, with many institutions showing low interest and trust in industrial bonds, leading to higher issuance costs [4] - The average subscription multiple for the bonds is only 1.016, with 659 bonds having a subscription multiple of less than 1, indicating a lack of investor confidence [4] - The dominance of banks in purchasing industrial bonds limits market liquidity and affects price discovery, potentially increasing financing costs for enterprises [4] Regulatory Efforts - Regulatory bodies, such as the Shanghai Stock Exchange, are implementing measures to improve information disclosure and investor confidence in industrial bonds [5] - Future recommendations include tax incentives, easing investment restrictions, and enhancing international cooperation to attract foreign capital [5] - There is a call for innovation in the bond market to cater to diverse investor risk preferences, including the introduction of tiered bond products based on industry or region [5]