中新社南昌12月31日电 题：中国实践如何助力保障全球粮食安全？ ——专访联合国粮农组织助理总干事兼粮农组织投资中心主任穆罕默德·曼苏里 作者 朱方芳 刘力鑫 2025年是联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)成立80周年。中国保障粮食安全、推动乡村振兴的实践能为世界带来哪些启示？近日，联合国粮农组织助理总干事 兼粮农组织投资中心主任穆罕默德·曼苏里(Mohamed Manssouri)到中国江西实地参访乡村振兴，并就相关问题接受中新社"东西问"专访。 现将访谈实录摘要如下： 当前，受地区冲突、极端气候与贸易壁垒等多重因素影响，全球粮食安全形势依然严峻：约6.73亿人面临饥饿，23亿人处于粮食不安全状态，26亿人负担 不起健康饮食。 中新社记者：此次实地参访中国乡村，您观察到中国在乡村振兴中的哪些做法富有成效？ 穆罕默德·曼苏里：联合国粮农组织的战略支柱是"更好生产、更好营养、更好环境、更好生活，不让任何人掉队"。过去这些天里我们所看到的情况，与 每一项都高度契合。 更好生产：我们目睹了兼顾生产力与可持续性的生产方式——无论是竹林、芦笋、柑橘等植物的种植，还是乌鸡、螃蟹等动物的养殖。 更好营养：我们观察到多样化的食品 ...

今年以来，聚焦教育、医疗、养老、社保等重点民生领域，多项政策落地助力强弱项补短板。推动更多 资金资源"投资于人"，是促进经济循环的必然要求，对于努力保障和改善民生、促进人的全面发展具有 重要意义。 （文章来源：经济日报） 健全科学评估与长效激励的治理机制。提升效能的关键在于建立"监测—评估—反馈"的管理闭环。加快 建立人力资本投资统计监测数据库，大力推广重大政策事前绩效评估与事后效应评价，并探索建立跨部 门数据共享平台，运用社会投资回报率等工具进行量化分析，为政策优化提供坚实依据。根本之策在于 改革政绩考核体系，将人均受教育年限、技能人才占比、人均预期寿命、公共服务可及性、居民生活满 意度等反映人的发展的核心指标，系统纳入地方考核，通过"指挥棒"的深刻转变，引导各级干部牢固树 立"投资于人就是投资未来"的政绩观。 强化"投资于人"，对提升民生福祉、增强发展动能意义重大。近年来，我国持续增强对民生领域的投 入，民生建设更加公平、均衡、普惠、可及。例如，各地向符合条件的3周岁以下婴幼儿家庭发放每年 3600元的育儿补贴，受益范围广泛。提高基本医疗保障水平、稳定和扩大就业、提高基本养老金水平等 举措也在推进实施过程 ...

（本文作者巫景飞，上海大学经济学院副教授） 近期，中央经济工作会议将"坚持内需主导，建设强大国内市场"列为年度重点任务之首。 作为研究中国经济转型的学者，我始终认为，扩大内需的核心症结在于扩大居民收入增长与财富积累保 障提升，唯有将"提收入、富人民"作为根本抓手，才能破解当前经济循环中的结构性梗阻，为中国式现 代化筑牢内生动力根基。 在全球变局加速演进、国内经济转型升级的关键阶段，居民消费疲软绝非短期现象，而是多重历史成因 与现实挑战交织的必然结果，其对经济社会发展的制约已越发凸显。 一、成因与挑战：居民消费潜力释放的结构性分析 在新发展阶段，居民消费潜力释放面临结构性挑战，需要政策协同发力促进消费升级。 一是人口结构变化提升储蓄倾向。截至2024年年末，全国60周岁及以上老年人口占比达22.0%，居民为 应对养老、医疗等长期需求，储蓄意愿相对较高，影响消费潜力充分释放。 二是消费能力有待提升。我国家庭资产中房产占比相对较高，房地产市场平稳健康发展会有助于增强居 民财富预期，提升消费信心。 三是供需结构矛盾需要优化。220多个工业细分行业存在结构性调整需求，同时中低收入群体消费能力 提升空间较大，高收入群体消 ...

#热点观察家# 一张泛黄的收据，五十克沉默的黄金，在四十年光阴里演绎了一场关于财富的静默博弈，结果出人意料。 近日，一位东北阿姨带着1984年的黄金购买凭证走进广东一家金店。泛黄的收据上清晰地记录着：50克黄金，每克47元，总价2350元。 店员惊叹"阿姨当年真有钱"，因为这笔钱在八十年代相当于普通工人近五年的工资。如今，金价已涨至每克约1000元，这批黄金市值约5万元，却仅相当于 如今一个普通城镇劳动者十个月左右的收入。 01 数字真相 黄金保值神话在工资增长面前显得黯然失色。这位阿姨的经历，是一个观察长期资产保值的独特案例。 1984年的2350元是一笔巨款。当时一名普通城镇职工的月工资大约在几十元，这笔钱需要省吃俭用攒上好几年，实际购买力极强，足以支付当时半套房产。 四十年后的今天，这批黄金市值约5万元。表面上看，黄金价格从每克47元涨到约1000元， 实现了约20倍的增长。但与工资增长对比，这个数字就失去了光 芒。 根据国家统计局数据，2025年前三季度全国居民人均可支配收入已达32509元。这意味着，当年需要一个人五年工资才能换来的黄金，如今其价值仅相当于 一个普通劳动者十个月左右的收入。 02 角 ...

Core Viewpoint - The conference emphasized the need for China to become a consumer powerhouse, aligning its consumption-to-GDP ratio with international standards and enhancing the internationalization of the Renminbi [3][7]. Group 1: Key Points on Consumer Powerhouse - Liu Shijun outlined three focal points for building a consumer powerhouse: aligning consumption with GDP, prioritizing service consumption, and creating the world's largest consumer market [3][7]. - There is an urgent need to address structural consumption gaps to match the current per capita income levels in China with international standards [3][7]. - Development of service consumption, particularly human capital investment in education, healthcare, and social security, is crucial for driving innovation [3][7]. Group 2: Key Points on Manufacturing and Trade - China's manufacturing sector accounts for 30% of the global share, making it the largest goods exporter, yet there is a significant gap in the internationalization of the Renminbi [4][8]. - A new strategy is needed to balance imports and exports, allowing for increased imports paid in Renminbi while maintaining export competitiveness [4][8]. - In 2024, China's trade surplus is projected to approach $1 trillion, and by shifting to Renminbi for imports, it could significantly expand the offshore Renminbi market from over 1 trillion to more than 7 trillion Renminbi [9].

Core Insights - The conference focused on finding solutions for China's economic challenges, emphasizing the need for a stronger consumer economy [1] Group 1: Consumer Economy Development - Liu Shijun highlighted three key points for building a strong consumer economy in China: aligning consumption with GDP, focusing on service consumption, and creating the largest consumer market globally [3] - The urgent need to address structural consumption gaps was emphasized, aiming to align China's consumption-to-GDP ratio with international standards [3] - Development of service consumption, particularly human capital investment in education, healthcare, and social security, is crucial for innovation-driven growth [3] Group 2: Internationalization of the Renminbi - China accounts for 30% of global manufacturing and is the largest goods exporter, yet its currency's internationalization remains limited [4] - A significant strategy to enhance the international status of the Renminbi involves increasing offshore Renminbi supply to achieve "scale economy" in its usage [4] - By balancing imports and exports while using Renminbi for payments, China could potentially expand its offshore Renminbi market significantly, from over 1 trillion to more than 7 trillion Renminbi [4]

《民生大国：中国式现代化的大国策》迟福林 著中信出版集团 未来10年，我国将处于工业化后期的关键历史阶段，从生产大国、制造大国走向消费大国、民生大国， 这不仅是顺应世界现代化规律的重大选择，也是适应大国经济社会发展和14亿国人需求的重要举措。落 实"民生为大"，关键在于全面"投资于人"。 人力资本投资赋能投资效率 "投资于人"虽然是一种间接投入，但它是撬动投资效率的核心杠杆。当资本流向人的能力培养、潜能激 发与价值实现时，能激发出国人的潜能，创造出远超资金本身的乘数效应。在当下投资效率下降的特定 背景下，"投资于人"需要放在更加突出的位置。 迟福林 "投资于人"对提升投资效率、优化投资结构、发挥投资在推进经济转型升级过程中的关键作用具有重要 意义。现代经济增长中人力资本贡献率已超过物质资本。然而，与发达国家相比，我国劳动力平均受教 育年限较低；与一些新兴市场国家相比，我国劳动力平均受教育年限提升速度较慢。未来我国必须持续 提高劳动力素质，改善劳动力供给质量，推动技术进步，以人口高质量发展支撑经济高质量发展。 随着发展水平的提升，人力资本投资具有更高的效率和乘数效应。世界银行研究表明，劳动力受教育年 限每提升1 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the need to implement a plan to increase income for low-income groups and expand the middle-income group, aiming to reduce income disparity and promote common prosperity [1][3] - The "olive-shaped distribution pattern" is proposed, which aims for a larger middle-income group and smaller low and high-income groups, reflecting a more equitable income distribution [6][7] - The article discusses the importance of human capital investment in increasing income for low-income groups, highlighting the significant impact of education on wage disparities [3][5] Group 2 - The article notes that consumer spending growth is closely tied to income increases, suggesting that long-term economic growth relies on raising residents' incomes rather than short-term stimulus measures [2][4] - Specific measures to increase income for low-income groups include enhancing human capital investment, providing more income-generating opportunities, and increasing transfer payments [3][5] - The article outlines strategies to stabilize the income of existing middle-income groups, focusing on reducing their financial burdens through increased public investment in education, healthcare, and social security [7][8]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the need to implement a plan to increase income for urban and rural residents, effectively raising the income of low-income groups and steadily expanding the middle-income group, while reasonably adjusting excessive incomes and eliminating illegal incomes to promote an olive-shaped distribution pattern [1][7] - The article highlights that the current focus for driving economic growth should be on addressing consumer demand, with long-term consumption growth relying on income increases rather than short-term stimulus policies [2][3] - It is noted that effective measures to increase low-income group income include investing in human capital, providing more income-generating opportunities, and enhancing transfer payments to low-income individuals [3][6] Group 2 - The article discusses the importance of investing in education and human capital for low-income groups, suggesting that early investment in children's development yields the highest social returns [4][5] - It emphasizes the need for policies that stabilize the income growth of the existing middle-income group and identify potential middle-income individuals, particularly focusing on migrant workers as a key source for future middle-income growth [8][7] - The article suggests that expanding the middle-income group relies on industrial upgrades and increasing human capital investment to create more high-wage job opportunities [8][7]

Core Viewpoint - High-quality development is the primary task for building a modern socialist country and is the theme for the 14th Five-Year Plan period [1] Group 1: High-Quality Development - The focus should be on accelerating high-level technological self-reliance and developing new productive forces, achieving substantial breakthroughs in technological innovation and economic structure optimization [1] - A strong domestic market should be built to promote a consumption-driven economic model, ensuring a dynamic balance between supply and demand at a higher level [1] Group 2: Supply-Side Insights - Emphasis on leading the construction of a modern industrial system through technological innovation, capturing opportunities from the new round of technological revolution [2] - The manufacturing sector's reasonable proportion is crucial, with China's manufacturing share currently around 25%, which is still about 10 percentage points higher than the global average [2] Group 3: Demand-Side Strategies - Building a strong domestic market is essential, with a focus on combining investments in physical assets and human capital [3] - Increasing public service spending and enhancing human resource development are necessary to adapt to demographic changes and ensure sustainable economic growth [3] Group 4: Consumer Spending - Improving the resident consumption rate is linked to increasing resident income, which can be achieved through urban and rural income growth plans and reallocating investment funds to public services [4]