Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the changing landscape of education in China, highlighting a shift in student preferences towards practical and employment-oriented choices rather than traditional prestigious institutions. This reflects a broader transformation in the education system amid a complex job market with a record number of graduates. Group 1: Changing Preferences in Education - High-scoring students are increasingly opting for less prestigious universities with better employment prospects over top-tier institutions with less favorable job outcomes [4][6][7] - The number of college graduates in China reached a record high of 12.22 million, leading to a complex employment situation for graduates [4][6] - The traditional view of prestigious universities as the primary path to success is being challenged as students and parents become more rational in their choices, focusing on the alignment of majors with job market demands [7][8] Group 2: Employment Market Dynamics - The employment market has undergone significant changes due to macroeconomic factors, affecting the job prospects of graduates in certain fields, particularly in industries like real estate and education [7][9] - The expansion of higher education has led to a situation where the supply of graduates exceeds demand, resulting in a decline in the return on investment for a university education [13][14][15] - The average salary of college graduates has decreased relative to the average salary in society, indicating a growing disparity in employment quality [16] Group 3: Skills and Education Reform - There is a pressing need for educational institutions to adapt their curricula to better prepare students for the evolving job market, emphasizing practical skills and interdisciplinary learning [10][11][27] - The importance of soft skills, such as communication and teamwork, is increasingly recognized as essential for employability in the modern workforce [28][33] - The article suggests that universities should focus on enhancing students' adaptability and lifelong learning capabilities to meet the demands of a rapidly changing job market [10][11][39] Group 4: Future Opportunities and Challenges - The rise of artificial intelligence and automation presents both challenges and opportunities for the job market, with predictions of job displacement in certain sectors but also the creation of new roles [30][32][34] - The aging population in China is expected to drive demand for jobs in the care industry, presenting new opportunities for graduates [24] - The article emphasizes the need for a comprehensive approach to employment policies that align with educational reforms to address structural employment issues [37][39]

全球人口增长的速度虽有所放缓，但非洲大陆将在未来几十年经历惊人的人口增长，非洲有半数人口年 龄在19岁以下。联合国《2024年世界人口展望》报告预计，从2020年到2050年，全球新增约19亿人口， 其中约有12亿将在非洲诞生，非洲人口占全球比重将从2020年的17%增至2050年的25%，并继续增长至 2100年的38%。人口红利有望成为非洲经济腾飞的关键驱动力。 Basinga指出，疾病负担是全大陆面临的重大风险，而非洲各国对此已有高度警惕。在此背景下，非洲 联盟长期发展愿景计划《我们想要的非洲》（The Africa We Want）明确指出，政府应加快人力资本投 资，以将年轻人转化为推动经济进步的力量。 7月29日，盖茨基金会非洲代表处主任Paulin Basinga在内罗毕回答21世纪经济报道记者提问时表示，要 真正受益于人口红利，非洲必须在人力资本方面进行大规模投入，尤其是在健康与教育领域。因为确保 儿童健康成长并拥有良好的认知能力，是实现未来劳动力潜能的前提。 ...

21世纪经济报道记者郑青亭 内罗毕报道 7月29日，盖茨基金会非洲代表处主任Paulin Basinga在内罗毕回答21世纪经济报道记者提问时表示，要 真正受益于人口红利，非洲必须在人力资本方面进行大规模投入，尤其是在健康与教育领域。因为确保 儿童健康成长并拥有良好的认知能力，是实现未来劳动力潜能的前提。 全球人口增长的速度虽有所放缓，但非洲大陆将在未来几十年经历惊人的人口增长，非洲有半数人口年 龄在19岁以下。联合国《2024年世界人口展望》报告预计，从2020年到2050年，全球新增约19亿人口， 其中约有12亿将在非洲诞生，非洲人口占全球比重将从2020年的17%增至2050年的25%，并继续增长至 2100年的38%。人口红利有望成为非洲经济腾飞的关键驱动力。 Basinga指出，疾病负担是全大陆面临的重大风险，而非洲各国对此已有高度警惕。在此背景下，非洲 联盟长期发展愿景计划《我们想要的非洲》（The Africa We Want）明确指出，政府应加快人力资本投 资，以将年轻人转化为推动经济进步的力量。 0:00 ...

Group 1 - The article argues that the notion of "consumption-driven" growth does not exist in the long-term economic growth context, emphasizing that economic growth is fundamentally driven by investment [3][5][10] - It highlights that the debate between "investment-driven" and "consumption-driven" growth should differentiate between long-term growth strategies and short-term macroeconomic adjustments [3][10] - The author suggests that the current low consumption rate in China is not necessarily indicative of a need for a consumption-driven model, as the relationship between consumption and economic growth is complex and requires further empirical research [3][5][11] Group 2 - The article references Marxist and neoclassical economic theories, stating that higher savings rates lead to increased investment and, consequently, faster economic growth, while higher consumption rates can slow down growth [4][5][9] - It discusses the importance of investment in driving technological progress, indicating that technological advancements are closely linked to various forms of investment [5][6] - The relationship between consumption and investment is characterized as a trade-off in the short term, but complementary in the long term, where decisions on resource allocation impact future consumption [10][11]