中新社南昌12月31日电 题：中国实践如何助力保障全球粮食安全？ ——专访联合国粮农组织助理总干事兼粮农组织投资中心主任穆罕默德·曼苏里 作者 朱方芳 刘力鑫 2025年是联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)成立80周年。中国保障粮食安全、推动乡村振兴的实践能为世界带来哪些启示？近日，联合国粮农组织助理总干事 兼粮农组织投资中心主任穆罕默德·曼苏里(Mohamed Manssouri)到中国江西实地参访乡村振兴，并就相关问题接受中新社"东西问"专访。 现将访谈实录摘要如下： 当前，受地区冲突、极端气候与贸易壁垒等多重因素影响，全球粮食安全形势依然严峻：约6.73亿人面临饥饿，23亿人处于粮食不安全状态，26亿人负担 不起健康饮食。 中新社记者：此次实地参访中国乡村，您观察到中国在乡村振兴中的哪些做法富有成效？ 穆罕默德·曼苏里：联合国粮农组织的战略支柱是"更好生产、更好营养、更好环境、更好生活，不让任何人掉队"。过去这些天里我们所看到的情况，与 每一项都高度契合。 更好生产：我们目睹了兼顾生产力与可持续性的生产方式——无论是竹林、芦笋、柑橘等植物的种植，还是乌鸡、螃蟹等动物的养殖。 更好营养：我们观察到多样化的食品 ...

以尿素为例，2023年5月至7月的平均价格上涨了26.5%，达到了每吨496美元。磷酸二铵的价格也从5月的每吨550美元上升到了736美元。这些价格波动直接 导致了欧洲农民承受的生产成本急剧增加。更具讽刺性的是，尽管西方国家对俄罗斯实施了制裁，俄罗斯对欧洲的化肥出口不但没有减少，反而有所增加。 根据挪威化肥生产商雅苒国际的数据，2023至2024年间，俄罗斯对欧洲的尿素出口比战前五个季度的平均水平增加了48%。 当欧盟官员在2025年5月通过对俄罗斯化肥加征关税的法案时，他们认为这是制裁俄罗斯的新途径。然而，六个月后，欧洲的农民们站在田间地头，看着不 断上涨的生产成本，只能无奈叹息。 法国小麦农民工会副秘书长塞德里克·贝诺瓦斯特毫不掩饰地表示：我们这是搬起石头砸自己的脚。制裁本应针对俄罗 斯，却最终反弹到欧洲农民身上。欧盟对俄罗斯化肥的制裁看似十分严厉。法案规定，俄罗斯和白俄罗斯进口的化肥要征收6.5%的基本关税，并且在2025 至2026年间每吨加收40至45欧元的税费。然而，尽管法案出台，俄罗斯的化肥出口依旧没有停止，反而导致全球市场化肥价格大幅上涨。 欧盟各国也早早为即将实施的进口关税做了准备。在202 ...

Core Insights - The forum aimed to strengthen agricultural trade cooperation and mutual trust between China and the U.S., addressing global food security and sustainable development amidst geopolitical challenges [1][3][4] Group 1: Forum Overview - The "U.S. Agricultural Trade Delegation" participated in the China International Import Expo, focusing on enhancing agricultural trade cooperation [1] - The forum received strong support from local associations and concluded successfully on November 7 [1] Group 2: Agricultural Trade Significance - China is the world's largest soybean importer, with an expected import volume of 105 million tons in 2024, highlighting the importance of U.S.-China soybean trade [3] - The U.S. Department of Agriculture predicts global soybean production will reach 427 million tons by 2025-2026, with the U.S. contributing over 25% [3] Group 3: Perspectives from Industry Leaders - U.S. Soybean Export Council CEO expressed optimism about the recovery of U.S.-China agricultural trade, emphasizing agriculture as a bridge for international cooperation [3] - Chinese officials highlighted the mutual benefits of agricultural cooperation, which is crucial for the healthy development of bilateral relations [3][5] Group 4: Consumer Trends and Market Opportunities - The forum discussed the need to enhance understanding of Chinese consumer demands, which are increasingly driving supply [8] - Various U.S. agricultural representatives shared insights on their products and the importance of meeting the high-quality standards expected by Chinese consumers [6][7]

Group 1 - The core focus of the "China-U.S. Agricultural Trade Cooperation Forum" is to enhance agricultural trade cooperation and mutual trust between China and the U.S., contributing to global food security and sustainable development goals [1][2] - The forum emphasizes the importance of U.S.-China soybean trade, with China projected to import 105 million tons of soybeans in 2024, maintaining its status as the largest soybean importer globally [2] - The U.S. Department of Agriculture forecasts global soybean production to reach 427 million tons in the 2025-2026 period, with the U.S. contributing over 25% and China maintaining imports around 100 million tons [2] Group 2 - U.S. agricultural representatives express optimism about the recovery of agricultural trade relations, highlighting agriculture as a bridge for international cooperation and trust [2] - The Chinese Ministry of Commerce emphasizes the mutual benefits of agricultural cooperation, stating that stable economic relations foster agricultural collaboration, which in turn promotes healthy bilateral relations [2] - The forum participants discuss the need to strengthen cooperation and investment to achieve long-term win-win outcomes, focusing on expanding trade and market opportunities [3] Group 3 - The California Almond Association highlights its significant investment in the Chinese market over the past 30 years, with China being a key destination for its almond exports [4] - The California Wine Association, participating for the first time, notes that California produces 85% of U.S. wine and aims to meet the diverse and high-quality demands of Chinese consumers [4] - The Wisconsin Ginseng Growers Association reports that 65% of its ginseng production is exported directly to China, showcasing a long-standing trade relationship [4] Group 4 - The U.S. Rice Industry Association emphasizes its commitment to sustainability and high quality, with American rice being non-GMO and traceable from farm to table [5] - Participants note a trend of "consumer-driven supply" in the Chinese market, indicating the need for improved insights into Chinese consumer demands as a competitive advantage [5]

Core Viewpoint - The "China-US Agricultural Trade Cooperation Forum" emphasizes the importance of agricultural cooperation between China and the US, highlighting mutual benefits and the potential for enhancing global food security and economic prosperity [3][6]. Group 1: Forum Overview - The forum was held during the 8th China International Import Expo, co-hosted by various US agricultural associations and the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Foodstuffs and Native Produce [3][6]. - Key representatives from 14 US agricultural associations and Chinese agricultural trade experts attended, indicating a strong commitment to fostering agricultural trade [3][6]. Group 2: Agricultural Trade Significance - Agricultural cooperation is deemed a crucial component of the economic relationship between the two countries, with both sides recognizing the vast potential for collaboration [6][7]. - The US Department of Agriculture projects that global soybean production will reach 427 million tons in the 2025/26 season, with the US contributing over 25% [6]. Group 3: Future Outlook - US agricultural leaders express optimism about the recovery and revitalization of agricultural trade with China, viewing agriculture as a bridge for international cooperation [6][8]. - The US Grain Council's president emphasizes the long-standing commitment to the Chinese market, stating that the US will continue to supply agricultural products as long as there is demand [8][9]. Group 4: Market Dynamics - The US is a major supplier of sorghum to China, with 5.683 million tons imported in 2024, accounting for 65.65% of total imports [9]. - The US agricultural sector faces challenges such as high input costs and declining prices, but remains optimistic about future trade opportunities [10].

Core Insights - The "China-US Agricultural Trade Cooperation Forum" emphasizes the importance of agricultural cooperation between the two countries, highlighting mutual benefits and the potential for global food security and economic prosperity [1][3] - The forum aims to strengthen agricultural trade cooperation and trust amid global challenges such as geopolitical tensions and supply chain disruptions, positioning agricultural trade as a stabilizing force in US-China relations [3][4] Group 1: Trade Relations - The US and China are significant agricultural trade partners, with agricultural cooperation being a crucial component of their economic relationship [1][3] - The US soybean industry is a key area of focus, with the USDA predicting global soybean production to reach 427 million tons by the 2025/26 season, with the US contributing over 25% [3] - The US Grain Association expresses commitment to maintaining trade relations with China, emphasizing the importance of open and mutually beneficial trade [4][6] Group 2: Market Dynamics - China is the largest market for US sorghum, with imports expected to reach 8.657 million tons in 2024, primarily from the US, Australia, and Argentina [6] - The US is facing challenges with high input costs and declining prices, impacting farmers' ability to sustain their operations [6][7] - The US agricultural sector is optimistic about future trade opportunities, emphasizing the need for continued communication to improve trade relations [7]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the complexities of global food security, emphasizing the impact of climate change and geopolitical challenges on food prices and availability, particularly for low-income populations. It highlights the importance of innovation in addressing these issues [3]. Group 1: Agricultural Innovation - China is increasingly playing a significant role in global agricultural innovation, which includes not only technological advancements but also business model and policy innovations [4]. - Hybrid rice, developed in China, is recognized as a key technology for addressing food shortages in developing countries, often referred to as the "second green revolution" [4]. - There is ongoing potential for innovation in hybrid rice, particularly in developing self-replicating seeds through asexual reproduction methods, which could reduce costs for farmers [5]. Group 2: International Collaboration - The success of asexual reproduction rice technology has garnered international attention, with organizations like the Gates Foundation and CGIAR involved in trials and research in Africa [6]. - Collaboration between China and CGIAR is seen as mutually beneficial, with both parties sharing knowledge and resources to enhance agricultural research and development [7]. - CGIAR's extensive resources, including gene banks and research facilities, are viewed as invaluable for future agricultural innovation [7]. Group 3: African Agricultural Potential - Africa has the largest amount of arable land globally but faces challenges with low yields and significant rice imports, highlighting a paradox in its agricultural potential [8]. - The development of African agriculture is expected to reduce dependency on international markets and potentially create food export capabilities, benefiting both Africa and China [9]. - A more resilient global food system is anticipated as African agricultural productivity increases, leading to a more balanced supply and demand in the market [9].

Core Viewpoint - The 2025 International Agricultural Service Trade Conference emphasizes the importance of agricultural service trade in enhancing global food security and promoting cross-border agricultural cooperation [3][4][7]. Group 1: Importance of Agricultural Service Trade - Agricultural service trade is highlighted as a key area for international economic cooperation and an essential component of international trade [5][6]. - The conference aims to gather consensus, share development experiences, and discuss strategies for agricultural service trade to support global food security [12][14]. Group 2: Key Points from Zhang Zhili's Analysis - Strengthening global food security requires deepening cross-border agricultural cooperation through agricultural service trade, as 295 million people currently face severe food security issues [16][17]. - Promoting cross-border investment through agricultural service trade can enhance the flow of capital, technology, and talent, thereby improving global agricultural supply chains [20][21]. - Digital solutions in agricultural service trade are crucial for upgrading the agricultural industry and achieving high-end industrial chain development [31][32]. Group 3: China's Role and Achievements - China has made significant strides in agricultural service trade, with actual foreign investment in agriculture reaching $720 million in 2023, ranking seventh globally [38][39]. - In 2024, China's agricultural outbound investment is projected to reach $2.83 billion, contributing positively to agricultural production in developing countries [39][40]. - The establishment of a new agricultural social service system has benefited 94 million small farmers, enhancing agricultural productivity [41][42]. Group 4: Recommendations for Future Cooperation - Strengthening dialogue mechanisms to promote institutional openness in agricultural service trade is essential for reducing barriers to cross-border flows of information and talent [47][48]. - Deepening practical cooperation on key projects in agricultural service trade can stimulate innovation and enhance collaboration among various stakeholders [50][51]. - Accelerating the promotion of successful outcomes in agricultural service trade will help share development benefits and address global food security challenges [53][54].

Core Viewpoint - The 15th China International Potato Industry Expo and the 3rd Weifang International Food and Agricultural Products Expo were held in Weifang, Shandong, showcasing the development achievements of the potato and agricultural food industries from 26 countries with 503 exhibitors and 2,623 buyers participating [1] Group 1: Event Overview - The expo featured a series of special activities aimed at displaying both domestic and international advancements in the potato and agricultural sectors [1] - Key representatives from international organizations, well-known business associations, research institutions, and leading enterprises in the industry attended the event [1] Group 2: Government and Industry Perspectives - Zhang Hongqi, Director of the Shandong Provincial Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, emphasized the importance of open development for building a strong agricultural province and expressed hopes for achieving mutual benefits through collaboration in potato variety cultivation, technology promotion, and market expansion [1] - Peter van der Sanger, President of the World Potato Congress, praised China's achievements in ensuring food security and expressed intentions to deepen trade cooperation in the potato sector to promote global food security and poverty alleviation [1] Group 3: Local Government Initiatives - Liu Jianjun, Deputy Secretary of the Weifang Municipal Committee and Mayor, stated that the event serves as a high-end platform for international cooperation in the agricultural and food industry, aiming to enhance communication, share experiences, and deepen collaboration for the prosperity of the global potato industry and improvement of global food security [1] Group 4: Additional Activities - The event included the launch of the Global Agricultural Service Trade Center and the China-ASEAN Specialty Industry Chain Export Platform, along with project signing ceremonies and keynote reports from experts and scholars [1]

Core Points - President Xi Jinping sent a congratulatory letter to the 80th anniversary of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), highlighting its significant achievements and calling for enhanced global food and agricultural governance [1][2] - The letter emphasizes China's commitment to supporting the FAO's role in ensuring global food security and advancing rural development [1][2] - The FAO Assistant Director-General acknowledged the letter as a recognition of member countries' efforts and a direction for future cooperation [1][2] Group 1: China's Commitment and Cooperation - China will continue to support the FAO and deepen cooperation in areas such as reducing losses, digital agriculture, and climate adaptation [2] - The establishment of the Chinese Permanent Mission to the FAO in Rome signifies a commitment to practical measures in agricultural innovation and technology sharing [2] - China aims to contribute to the "zero hunger" goal through initiatives in hybrid rice, water-saving irrigation, and pest control [2] Group 2: Global Impact and Collaboration - Representatives from various countries expressed admiration for China's achievements in food self-sufficiency and agricultural technology, viewing it as a model for developing nations [3][4] - Colombia is looking to learn from China's experience in poverty alleviation and agricultural modernization, with ongoing cooperation in agricultural technology and machinery [3] - Uzbekistan is collaborating with China on soil restoration and green technology, reflecting a shared responsibility for global ecological issues [4] Group 3: International Development Goals - Xi Jinping's letter calls for collaboration to implement the UN 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda, aiming to enhance the well-being of people worldwide [5] - Chinese companies are actively involved in agricultural projects abroad, contributing to global food security while ensuring sustainable practices [5] - Training programs for agricultural professionals from other countries in China are fostering knowledge transfer and practical skills in modern agricultural techniques [5]