澳专家：中国为全球降碳作出实质贡献 期待澳中深化能源合作 | 世界观 中新网11月21日电(巩微微)《联合国气候变化框架公约》第三十次缔约方大会(COP30)在21日闭幕。澳 大利亚国立大学气候、能源与灾害解决方案研究所名誉副教授伊戈尔·斯克里亚宾(Igor Skryabin)、悉尼 科技大学工程与信息技术学院副教授卡维·卡利普尔(Kaveh Khalilpour)接受中新网专访，两位专家就全 球气候变化背景下，中国对全球的脱碳贡献及澳中在清洁能源领域的合作前景，展开探讨。 中国助力全球脱碳贡献 获国际广泛认可 斯克里亚宾指出，中国在推动全球脱碳方面的贡献，获得国际社会广泛认可。 过去十年，得益于中国 的技术创新、制造能力和规模经济，全球光伏发电成本大幅下降。 斯克里亚宾表示，尽管澳大利亚研究人员在光伏技术早期研发中培养了大量高素质人才，但是中国让太 阳能电池板在全球得到普及，从而使大规模太阳能电气化成为现实。 根据8月26日国务院新闻办公室新闻发布会信息，近10年来，中国助力全球风电和光伏发电项目，平均 每度电的成本分别下降60%和80%。 斯克里亚宾认为，随着全球进入能源转型新阶段，电动汽车的价格因中国的 ...

他表示，该公司的财务状况足以支持这样一个项目。 他说，其中大部分资金将用于澳大利亚和巴布亚新几内亚，这两个地区主要是铜矿区。 他还表示，巴布亚新几内亚的投资被视为一项长期战略，与全球脱碳和关键矿产需求不断增长的趋势相 一致。 （文华综合） 11月18日（周二），非洲彩虹矿业公司（African Rainbow Minerals，ARM）董事长Patrice Motsepe周二 表示，该公司正在评估与美国矿业巨头--纽蒙特公司（Newmont Corporation）合作，在巴布亚新几内亚 开发一家大型铜矿企业。 "我们目前正在巴布亚新几内亚进行巨额投资。我们在那里与纽蒙特建立了合作关系，未来可能需要高 达40-50亿美元的投资。" ...

Group 1: Economic Outlook and Global Cooperation - The 2025 Bund Summit in Shanghai focused on the theme "Embracing Change: New Order, New Technology," discussing economic, financial, and governance issues amid global restructuring and technological revolution [1] - The International Monetary Fund (IMF) projects a 4.5% economic growth rate for the Asia-Pacific region in 2025, with China's growth forecast at 4.8%, reflecting an increase of 0.8 percentage points from previous estimates [2] - Global financial leaders emphasized the importance of cooperation and shared opportunities, highlighting China's commitment to high-quality development and mutual benefits in international relations [2] Group 2: Green Finance and Environmental Leadership - The release of the "Natural and Biodiversity Finance" report at the summit showcased China's role in ecological protection and financial innovation [3] - China is recognized as a global leader in clean energy technologies, including solar, wind, and electric vehicles, contributing significantly to global climate change efforts [3][4] - The development of biodiversity-friendly financial products, such as loans for offshore photovoltaic projects, illustrates China's commitment to integrating ecological and economic interests [3] Group 3: Technological Innovation and Economic Transformation - Discussions at the summit highlighted China's advancements in artificial intelligence and the importance of data-driven industries for economic transformation [5] - The shift from cash to digital payments in China has revolutionized consumer behavior and accelerated financial inclusion, showcasing the impact of fintech on the economy [6] - Experts noted that China's strong emphasis on technology research and development is crucial for achieving high-quality economic growth, with a focus on nurturing engineering talent and entrepreneurial spirit [6][7] Group 4: International Relations and Collaborative Opportunities - Former U.S. Treasury Secretary Robert Rubin emphasized the benefits of constructive U.S.-China relations, advocating for collaboration in addressing challenges like AI, climate change, and terrorism [7] - The summit reflected a collective understanding that global cooperation is essential for navigating future challenges and achieving sustainable development [7]

Core Insights - The lithium-ion battery supply chain is crucial for global decarbonization, but its production is geographically dispersed, posing significant carbon management challenges [4][6] - A study published in Nature developed a Lithium Circular Computable General Equilibrium (LCCGE) model to assess decarbonization pathways, revealing a "value-emission paradox" in the supply chain [4][6] - The research emphasizes that global cooperation and localized strategies are key to achieving effective decarbonization [4][6] Supply Chain Carbon Footprint Dilemma - The lithium-ion battery market is projected to grow from $30 billion in 2020 to $180 billion by 2030, yet the carbon footprint from production can offset environmental benefits during usage [6] - The geographical distribution of the global supply chain complicates carbon accounting and reduction management [6] Value-Emission Paradox - Analysis from 2018-2022 shows that upstream mining contributes only 18.78% of economic value but accounts for 38.52% of carbon emissions, while downstream production generates 42.56% of value with only 34.82% of emissions [8] - This structural imbalance is particularly pronounced in resource-rich regions like the "Lithium Triangle" (Bolivia, Chile, Argentina) [8] Geographic Distribution and Carbon Inequality - China dominates production, accounting for 51.40% of global emissions, significantly higher than the "Lithium Triangle" [11] - The EU and the US are major net importers of embedded carbon, with the EU's consumption-based emissions being over six times its production-based export emissions in 2022 [11] Innovative Research Methodology - The LCCGE model integrates lifecycle thinking with global economic dynamics, allowing for comprehensive assessments of economic and environmental outcomes [13] - The study explores 1,036 integrated pathways for decarbonization, considering various socio-economic scenarios and recycling intensities [14] Complexity of Recycling Strategies - Recycling is essential for a circular economy, but its policy design requires careful consideration to avoid negative cross-regional spillover effects [16] - Consumer-oriented strategies yield the best global results, but their effectiveness varies across regions [16] Regional Differentiated Strategies - Optimal decarbonization is achieved through customized strategies rather than a one-size-fits-all global directive [18] - The study identifies that technology-trade cooperation is the most effective strategy for China, while developed economies benefit from environmental-technology collaboration [18] Efficiency vs. Equity Trade-off - Maximizing global efficiency may externalize environmental burdens to resource-exporting countries, highlighting the need for multi-objective approaches in policy design [20] - Strategies that appear globally optimal may not benefit all participants equally, necessitating robust frameworks to address distributional impacts [20] Feasible and Equitable Transition Framework - A comprehensive multi-level framework is essential for deep and equitable decarbonization of the lithium-ion battery supply chain [22] - The framework should be based on international cooperation and tailored approaches according to regional readiness, with a unified data platform for lifecycle carbon footprint standards [23]

Investment Rating - The report maintains a positive outlook on the public utility industry, specifically focusing on green methanol suppliers and equipment investment opportunities [1]. Core Insights - The demand for green methanol is catalyzed by carbon pricing, opening up a market space worth billions in the shipping industry [4]. - Attention is drawn to flexible stocks with cost and consumption advantages among green methanol suppliers [4]. - The demand for biomass gasification equipment is expected to rise due to project initiations in the midstream equipment sector [4]. Supply and Demand - Carbon pricing is driving the demand for green methanol, with the shipping sector poised to unlock a market space exceeding 100 billion [4]. - The traditional methanol market has not yet adopted carbon pricing, leading to a dominance of gray methanol [5][6]. - The global methanol production capacity is projected to reach 177 million tons by 2024, with China accounting for 58% of this capacity [11]. Green Methanol Production - Green methanol is defined as methanol produced with minimal to zero carbon emissions, categorized into electro-methanol and bio-methanol [12]. - The cost of green methanol production is currently high, primarily due to the costs associated with green hydrogen production [15][18]. - The biomass gasification route for methanol production is more cost-effective than electro-methanol, with potential for further cost reductions [21][25]. Regulatory Environment - The EU's carbon tax is set to impact the shipping industry, with regulations requiring reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from 2025 onwards [26][28]. - The International Maritime Organization (IMO) is implementing a net-zero framework that will enforce carbon emission limits and pricing mechanisms starting in 2025 [29][30]. Market Trends - The share of alternative fuel vessels is increasing, with methanol-powered vessels accounting for 10% of the total orders as of September 2025 [50]. - The demand for green methanol is expected to surge, with projections indicating that by 2027, demand could exceed 9 million tons annually [55]. - The supply agreements for green methanol are intensifying, with major shipping companies signing contracts with suppliers [60][63]. Investment Opportunities - Capital expenditures are anticipated to drive equipment demand, while downstream sales are expected to enhance the performance of suppliers [64]. - The report highlights specific companies such as 嘉泽新能 and 吉电股份, which are positioning themselves to benefit from the green methanol market [68][71].

Core Viewpoint - Envision Energy has announced a strategic partnership with Fotowatio Renewable Ventures (FRV) to advance the H2 Cumbuco green ammonia project in Ceará, Brazil, aiming to provide an integrated solution for renewable energy, green hydrogen, and green ammonia [1][2]. Group 1: Project Details - The H2 Cumbuco project will feature a green hydrogen production facility with an electrolytic capacity of up to 500 megawatts and associated green ammonia production units, targeting markets in Brazil, Europe, and Asia, with an expected operational date in 2030 [1][2]. - The project is seen as a significant step towards decarbonization and aims to provide a replicable operational model for global energy transition [2]. Group 2: Strategic Importance - Brazil is positioned to become a global leader in renewable hydrogen and its derivatives, supported by strategic location, commitment to energy transition, and broad social backing [1][2]. - The collaboration between Envision Energy and FRV is viewed as a key project in the renewable energy transition in Latin America, especially as Brazil prepares to host the COP30 conference [2]. Group 3: Company Background - Envision Energy has previously established the world's first AI-enabled off-grid green hydrogen and ammonia production base in Dalian, China, showcasing its technological strength in large-scale green energy system integration [2]. - FRV, part of Jameel Energy, is a leading provider of sustainable energy solutions with a total operational and under-construction renewable energy and storage project capacity of 3 gigawatts across various regions [2].

Group 1 - The 2025 European International Solar Energy Exhibition showcased the strong advantages of Chinese companies in innovative products and system integration, attracting over 2,700 exhibitors from more than 50 countries, with around 850 from China [1] - Chinese exhibitors presented a comprehensive range of products, including high-efficiency photovoltaic modules, energy storage devices, and charging infrastructure, highlighting the integrated strength of China's renewable energy industry [1] - The European Solar Industry Association emphasized China's significant contributions to the European photovoltaic market, including high-quality product supply and local production line establishment, fostering deep collaboration between China and Europe [1] Group 2 - The report released during the exhibition projected that China's growth in the solar industry is a key achievement in global decarbonization, driving rapid technological advancements [2] - Longi Green Energy showcased a new solar panel that won the annual photovoltaic technology award, featuring structural innovations that maintain high photoelectric conversion efficiency even in low-light conditions [2] - TCL presented a model residential system that integrates solar panels with energy storage and smart distribution, catering to the growing consumer demand for green living solutions in Europe [2] Group 3 - The storage sector was a highlight of the exhibition, with companies like CATL, Huawei, and Trina Solar displaying the latest storage technologies and solutions [3] - CATL introduced a modular energy storage device capable of charging approximately 150 electric vehicles or meeting the electricity needs of a German household for about six years [3] - The CEO of the German Solar Promotion Company noted that Chinese companies play an irreplaceable role in Europe's energy transition by providing cost-effective solutions and promoting sustainable technology evolution [3]