Group 1 - The 2025 Global Coastal Forum was successfully held in Yancheng, China, focusing on ecological protection and sustainable development in coastal areas [1] - The forum produced significant outcomes, including the "Global Coastal Ecosystem Status Report" and the "International Case Collection on Coastal Ecological Disaster Reduction" [3] - The forum emphasized that prioritizing ecology and green development is a common choice for global sustainable development, highlighting Yancheng's biodiversity protection and low-carbon development as a successful example [3] Group 2 - The forum reached the "Yancheng Consensus," which calls for strengthening coastal ecosystem protection and addressing biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation [5][6] - It advocates for a nature reserve system centered on national parks and the establishment of collaborative protection mechanisms for coastal wetlands and migratory bird pathways [6] - The forum encourages the integration of high-level protection and utilization to promote high-quality development in coastal regions, transforming ecological advantages into development momentum [6] Group 3 - The forum aims to cultivate new productive forces in coastal areas by leveraging rich resources and promoting technological innovation in green technologies [7] - It emphasizes the development of a modern marine industry system and the promotion of green low-carbon development in marine industries [7] - The forum also highlights the importance of deepening international cooperation and sharing best practices in coastal protection [7]

中国人民银行研究局副局长张蓓日前在2025.青岛创投风投大会上表示，数字赋能有助于解决生物多样 性金融标准落地所面临的难题，通过数字赋能突破数据采集、分析、信任及融资效率等瓶颈，可以为自 然和生物多样性金融发展提供重要支撑。 张蓓指出，加强金融支持自然和生物多样性保护和可持续利用意义重大，可以发挥资源配置功能，引导 资金从自然有害转向自然友好领域，实现生态价值向经济价值转化；可以弥补该领域巨大的资金缺口； 可以扩大投资、就业，促进经济增长；可以促进自然相关风险管理。 2024年以来，央行在广泛征求相关部委、国际机构、研究机构以及金融机构意见建议的基础上，牵头制 定了生物多样性金融标准，近期在有能力、有意愿的部分地区启动试用。 对于正在部分地方试用的《生物多样性金融目录》，据张蓓介绍，该目录充分对标国际和考虑中国实 际。在对标国际方面，广泛吸收国际生物多样性金融标准现有内容。在结合中国实际方面，目录充分体 现了生物多样性治理的中国特色。 张蓓指出，《生物多样性金融目录》注重与现有绿色金融标准衔接。生物多样性金融是广义绿色金融的 子集，为加强标准衔接和降低标准落地成本，目录直接吸纳现有绿色金融标准中针对性强的生物 ...

Core Insights - The 2025 Global Coastal Forum focused on "Biodiversity Finance and Blue Economy," aiming to explore innovative paths for financial support in biodiversity protection and blue economy development [1][2] - Yancheng, recognized for its "World Natural Heritage" and "International Wetland City" status, has made significant progress in biodiversity protection and green energy development, with a projected new energy generation capacity exceeding 20 million kilowatts by 2025 [1] - There is a substantial global financing gap for biodiversity, necessitating the establishment of a multi-layered and multi-entity biodiversity finance system [1][2] Group 1 - The forum gathered representatives from various sectors, including government, international organizations, financial institutions, research institutes, and enterprises, to discuss sustainable development in coastal areas [1] - The Vice Mayor of Yancheng highlighted the city's commitment to green finance and sustainable industrial development [1] - The forum emphasized the importance of integrating biodiversity finance into economic strategies to achieve a win-win situation for both protection and development [2] Group 2 - Four significant outcomes were announced, including a biodiversity credit accounting report, a risk management guide for offshore wind projects, a methodology for greenhouse gas voluntary reduction projects, and a successful case of ecological product value realization [3] - Signing ceremonies for biodiversity credit subscriptions, loan approvals for wind energy projects, and carbon credit transactions marked substantial progress in market-oriented ecological product value realization [3] - The roundtable discussion highlighted Yancheng's practices as valuable experiences for balancing ecological protection and economic development globally [4] Group 3 - The forum provided a platform for policy dialogue, outcome announcements, and sharing of practical cases, contributing new ideas for global biodiversity finance and blue economy development [4] - The event showcased Yancheng's innovative vitality as a model for green low-carbon development and offered practical solutions to achieve the "Kunming-Montreal Framework" goals [4]

Core Viewpoint - China's green finance has undergone significant development over the past decade, evolving from non-existence to a comprehensive system that supports the green and low-carbon transformation of the economy [1] Group 1: Green Finance Support Projects - The People's Bank of China, in collaboration with financial regulatory authorities, released the "Green Finance Support Project Directory" in June 2025, which standardizes various financial products and covers the entire production-consumption chain [2] - The 2025 version of the directory introduces a new primary classification for green consumption, focusing on supporting low-carbon products such as green vehicles and low-carbon buildings [2] - The directory expands green trade classifications to include seven key areas, providing clear guidance for financial institutions to support green trade and promote the greening of industrial and value chains [2] - The directory aligns with the needs of green low-carbon transformation industries by excluding fossil fuel-related content and marking low-carbon economic activities with carbon reduction benefits [2] Group 2: Implementation and Development of Transition Finance - Transition finance plays a crucial role in supporting the upgrade of traditional industries, with pilot standards for key sectors like steel, coal, electricity, and agriculture being tested in select regions [4] - Financial institutions are developing a variety of transition finance products, such as sustainable development-linked loans, which tie financing costs to transition performance, effectively incentivizing companies to reduce emissions [4] - The quality of information disclosure by transition entities has significantly improved, with clear requirements for transition planning and sustainable information disclosure [4] - Incentive measures are being enhanced, with pilot programs in Shanghai incorporating eligible transition loans into carbon reduction support tools [4] Group 3: Biodiversity Finance - The People's Bank of China has initiated the trial of the "Biodiversity Finance Directory," emphasizing the importance of biodiversity for human survival and development [7] - The directory aligns with international standards while considering China's specific context, incorporating various biodiversity activities and ensuring a balance between ecological protection and economic development [8][9] - The directory establishes a comprehensive standard system that combines directory-style and principle-based approaches, including a negative list of prohibited activities to ensure ecological protection [10] - The directory outlines six fundamental principles for biodiversity economic activities, including the principle of not causing significant harm and the principle of transparency and verification [11]

Core Viewpoint - The development of biodiversity finance in China is currently limited in scale and product variety, despite existing supportive policies and standards. The article emphasizes the need for innovative financial products to transition from initial offerings to scalable solutions, particularly through the case study of Quzhou City in Zhejiang Province, which is a pilot area for green finance reform [1][2]. Group 1: Current State of Biodiversity Finance - Biodiversity is recognized as the natural material basis for sustainable human production and living. The Chinese government has initiated strategic plans for biodiversity protection, including the "China Biodiversity Protection Strategy and Action Plan (2023-2030)" [2]. - The current market for biodiversity-related financial products, including credit, insurance, and bonds, is still in the exploratory phase and faces challenges in scaling up from initial innovations [4]. Group 2: Innovations in Biodiversity Credit - Biodiversity credit is essentially a subset of green credit, aimed at supporting projects or enterprises related to biodiversity [5]. - Notable international innovations include the first credit product incorporating natural capital impact assessments by Sumitomo Mitsui Trust Bank in Japan, and the "Planet Impact Loan" by Rabobank and FrieslandCampina in the Netherlands, which rewards farmers for biodiversity contributions [7]. - In China, banks like the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China and Postal Savings Bank have initiated biodiversity-related loans, with examples including a loan of 189 million yuan for the maintenance of a scenic area and various biodiversity-themed loan products launched by local banks [8]. Group 3: Innovations in Biodiversity Bonds - The global market for biodiversity bonds is projected to reach nearly $300 billion by the end of 2024. Innovations in this area focus on repayment and interest structures [9]. - The International Finance Corporation issued the world's first forest green bond in 2016, which has seen significant growth in scale and flexibility in repayment options [9]. - Chinese financial institutions have also begun to explore biodiversity-themed green bonds, with notable issuances from Bank of China and Agricultural Development Bank of China [10]. Group 4: Innovations in Biodiversity Insurance - Biodiversity insurance products include traditional green insurance, catastrophe insurance, and wildlife liability insurance. Developed countries have established mature environmental liability insurance systems to support biodiversity protection [11]. - Recent innovations include the establishment of a coastal management trust fund in Mexico, which purchases insurance for coral reefs to fund restoration efforts after disasters [11].

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the critical role of financial support in biodiversity conservation efforts, particularly in light of the "Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework" which sets a target to protect at least 30% of global marine and terrestrial areas by 2030 [1][2] Financial Institutions and Biodiversity - Financial institutions face challenges in integrating biodiversity-related risks into their internal risk management systems due to a lack of assessment methods and tools [2][3] - The global focus on biodiversity risk management is increasing, with central banks and financial institutions beginning to recognize the importance of identifying and managing these risks [2][3] Economic Impact of Biodiversity - China's economic activities reliant on biodiversity are valued at approximately $9 trillion, accounting for about 65% of the GDP [3] - The loss of biodiversity poses significant risks to financial institutions, potentially increasing costs and impacting financial performance and price stability [3][4] Types of Risks - Biodiversity-related financial risks manifest as physical risks, affecting industries like agriculture and tourism, and transition risks, arising from new government policies aimed at biodiversity protection [4][5] Financial Support Mechanisms - Current financial support for biodiversity conservation in China primarily relies on fiscal funding, with insufficient participation from social capital and financial institutions [6][7] - There is a need for a comprehensive financial product system to meet the substantial funding requirements for national park construction, as existing products are limited [6][7] Recommendations for Improvement - Financial institutions should enhance risk assessment and management for biodiversity-related investments, ensuring that potential impacts on biodiversity are evaluated before project initiation [7] - A collaborative mechanism involving government, enterprises, NGOs, and the public is recommended to improve financial support for biodiversity conservation projects [7]

Core Viewpoint - The focus of the upcoming years should be on how finance can support companies in their "nature-positive" transformation, emphasizing risk identification, management, and seizing new business opportunities [1][2]. Group 1: Biodiversity and Financial Risks - According to the IPBES report, 14 out of 18 assessed ecosystem service categories have shown a declining trend since 1970, highlighting the critical need for financial institutions to address biodiversity loss as a systemic risk [2]. - Financial institutions, as primary sources of funding, play a significant role in economic stability and development, making the promotion of "nature-positive" transformations essential [2]. Group 2: Risk Management and Information Disclosure - Effective risk management involves early identification and understanding of potential impacts, which may include physical and transition risks [2]. - Information disclosure is crucial for companies to recognize and manage their biodiversity-related risks, with over a hundred companies already adopting the TNFD framework for this purpose [2][3]. - The TNFD provides guidance on governance, strategy, risk and opportunity management, and metrics, which are essential for companies to improve their risk management practices [3]. Group 3: Policy and Regulatory Developments - The Chinese government is actively developing policies to enhance sustainable disclosure, with the Ministry of Finance set to issue guidelines for corporate sustainability disclosures by November 2024 [3]. - Stock exchanges in China are increasing requirements for listed companies to disclose sustainability-related information, particularly concerning biodiversity [3]. Group 4: Opportunities in Transformation - The process of addressing risks also presents opportunities for innovation and new business ventures, particularly in the context of emerging technologies [6]. - Clear definitions and standards for "nature-positive" projects are necessary for financial institutions to provide adequate funding support [6]. - Financial institutions are encouraged to innovate and explore new financing models, such as ecological asset pledging and mixed financing approaches, in supportive external environments [6].

Core Viewpoint - Beijing aims to establish its urban sub-center as an international benchmark city for green economy by 2027, focusing on enhancing green innovation capabilities, increasing the number of green enterprises, and boosting the output value of green industries [1][2]. Group 1: Green Innovation and Technology - The city plans to achieve an annual growth of approximately 20% in effective green technology invention patents and establish an international green technology concept verification center [1]. - The administrative office area has achieved 100% green electricity supply, and a new energy system experimental base has been established [2]. Group 2: Green Industry Development - The urban sub-center will support the development of over 300 green enterprises and establish a green industry cluster [1]. - The focus will be on cultivating specialized green industries, including carbon professional services and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) services, to create a carbon market ecosystem and attract international ESG rating agencies [3]. Group 3: Investment and Future Energy - The sub-center will foster green investment and support the development of various green industry investment institutions, particularly in future energy sectors such as superconducting materials and vacuum systems [4]. - There will be an emphasis on enhancing existing green industries, including ecological environment protection and pollution control, as well as the development of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies [4]. Group 4: Smart and Connected Vehicles - The urban sub-center will enhance the smart connected new energy vehicle industry, focusing on vehicle electronics and core components to create a comprehensive supply system [5]. - The aim is to attract low-carbon, ultra-low energy consumption, and nearly zero energy consumption building enterprises to strengthen the green construction industry [5].