文/ 中银证券全球首席经济学家 管涛 物价长期低位运行是当前我国经济面临的主要挑战之一，也是导致宏微观 体感温差的主要原因。今年以来，我国在供给侧出台了一系列"反内卷"的 政策措施。然而，需求侧的进一步发力也不可或缺。一是通过政府采购的 方式，聘用毕业一定年限但尚无工作的高校毕业生从事政府部门的工作； 二是适当放松政府和社会集团消费限制；三是聚焦民营企业关切的突出问 题，在扩大准入、打通堵点、强化保障等方面实施一批务实举措；四是进 一步强化宏观政策取向一致性评估，尤其是限制消费的非经济政策要慎重 出台，加强政策协同，形成政策合力。 年初政府工作报告将今年居民消费价格指数（CPI）预期涨幅设定在2%左右，较往年下调了1个百分点，并强调通过各项政策和改革共同作用，改 善供求关系，使价格总水平处在合理区间。今年以来，央行也多次强调把促进物价合理回升作为货币政策的重要考量。至今，尽管国内物价依然维 持低位运行，但出现了一些积极变化，反映了供给侧" 反内卷 "的初步成效。只是稳物价依然任重道远，需要进一步综合施策。 " 反内卷"助力物价改善 今年前8个月，我国CPI累计同比下降0.1%，剔除食品和能源的核心CPI增长0 ...

管涛 | 立方大家谈专栏作者 年初政府工作报告将今年居民消费价格指数（CPI）预期涨幅设定在2%左右，较往年下调了1个百分 点，并强调通过各项政策和改革共同作用，改善供求关系，使价格总水平处在合理区间。今年以来，央 行也多次强调把促进物价合理回升作为货币政策的重要考量。至今，尽管国内物价依然维持低位运行， 但出现了一些积极变化，反映了供给侧"反内卷"的初步成效。只是稳物价依然任重道远，需要进一步综 合施策。 "反内卷"助力物价改善 今年前8个月，我国CPI累计同比下降0.1%，剔除食品和能源的核心CPI增长0.5%，工业生产者出厂价格 指数（PPI）下降2.9%；上半年国内生产总值平减指数下降1.0%，已连续9个季度同比下降。从这些指 标看，今年要实现年初制定的通胀预期目标难度不小。 但同时也要看到，国内物价运行边际上出现了一些积极变化：一是月度核心CPI自今年5月以来连续4个 月同比增速环比回升，8月份升至0.9%；二是8月份PPI同比下降2.9%，但月度同比降幅在经历连续5个 月环比扩大后首次回落，幅度达到0.7个百分点。 物价长期低位运行是当前我国经济面临的主要挑战之一，也是导致宏微观体感温差的主要原因 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes that supply-side "anti-involution" will be an important policy tool to improve the supply-demand relationship and stabilize prices, with a CPI target set at around 2% for the year [1][2] - The CPI has shown a cumulative year-on-year decline of 0.1% in the first eight months, while the core CPI, excluding food and energy, has increased by 0.5% [2][3] - The Producer Price Index (PPI) has decreased by 2.9%, but the monthly decline has narrowed for the first time after five months of expansion, indicating some positive changes in price dynamics [2][3] Group 2 - The "anti-involution" measures are aimed at curbing excessive competition that distorts market mechanisms and harms consumer interests, which has contributed to the long-term low price levels in China [4][5] - The government has implemented various policies to regulate local government behavior, enhance industry self-discipline, and standardize market practices to combat "involution" [5][6] - The focus on quality competition and innovation is emphasized, encouraging companies to improve competitiveness through technological advancements and brand building [6][7] Group 3 - The current "anti-involution" approach differs from the previous supply-side structural reforms, as it encompasses both upstream and downstream sectors, traditional and emerging industries, and emphasizes market-based and legal measures [7][8] - The demand side also needs to be strengthened to promote price recovery, as the current "anti-involution" measures have a limited impact compared to the previous "capacity reduction" efforts [8][9] - The analysis indicates that the correlation between PPI and commodity indices has reversed, highlighting the need for demand-side support to enhance overall price recovery [8][10] Group 4 - Employment is highlighted as a critical issue, with a focus on policies to promote job creation for key groups such as recent graduates and migrant workers [11] - The government is encouraged to relax consumption restrictions and increase public procurement to stimulate consumer spending [11][12] - Investment expansion is identified as a key area for boosting domestic demand, with potential in infrastructure and private sector investment [12][13]

Group 1: Profit Trends - In the first half of 2025, the total profit of industrial enterprises decreased by 1.8% year-on-year, amounting to 34,365.0 billion yuan, with the decline rate expanding by 0.7 percentage points compared to January-May[1] - In June 2025, industrial enterprise profits fell by 4.3% year-on-year, but the decline rate narrowed by 4.8 percentage points compared to May[1] - The profit margin for industrial enterprises was 5.2%, an increase of 0.2 percentage points from January-May[1] Group 2: Revenue and Costs - Industrial enterprises' operating revenue grew by 2.5% year-on-year, with a revenue per 100 yuan of assets reaching 73.9 yuan, an increase of 1.0 yuan from January-May[1] - Operating costs increased by 2.8% year-on-year, with the growth rate still outpacing that of operating revenue, indicating ongoing cost pressures on profitability[1] - The average recovery period for accounts receivable was 69.8 days, a decrease of 0.7 days compared to January-May[15] Group 3: Sector Performance - The mining sector's profit share has been declining, with a 30.3% year-on-year decrease in profits, contributing negatively to the overall profit growth of industrial enterprises by 5.3 percentage points[8] - Manufacturing profits increased by 4.5% year-on-year, although the growth rate decreased by 0.9 percentage points compared to January-May, indicating some support for overall profitability[9] - High-tech manufacturing contributed positively to profit growth, adding 1.8 percentage points to the cumulative year-on-year profit growth of industrial enterprises[9] Group 4: Price Factors and Economic Outlook - Price factors are currently the main drag on industrial enterprise profitability, with the Producer Price Index (PPI) for production materials showing a year-on-year decline of 3.2%[5] - The Central Financial and Economic Committee's recent meeting emphasized the need to address low-price competition and improve product quality, which may help boost industrial product prices in the future[2] - Risks include potential overseas recession and geopolitical uncertainties, which could impact the industrial sector's performance[18]