文/ 中银证券全球首席经济学家 管涛 物价长期低位运行是当前我国经济面临的主要挑战之一，也是导致宏微观 体感温差的主要原因。今年以来，我国在供给侧出台了一系列"反内卷"的 政策措施。然而，需求侧的进一步发力也不可或缺。一是通过政府采购的 方式，聘用毕业一定年限但尚无工作的高校毕业生从事政府部门的工作； 二是适当放松政府和社会集团消费限制；三是聚焦民营企业关切的突出问 题，在扩大准入、打通堵点、强化保障等方面实施一批务实举措；四是进 一步强化宏观政策取向一致性评估，尤其是限制消费的非经济政策要慎重 出台，加强政策协同，形成政策合力。 年初政府工作报告将今年居民消费价格指数（CPI）预期涨幅设定在2%左右，较往年下调了1个百分点，并强调通过各项政策和改革共同作用，改 善供求关系，使价格总水平处在合理区间。今年以来，央行也多次强调把促进物价合理回升作为货币政策的重要考量。至今，尽管国内物价依然维 持低位运行，但出现了一些积极变化，反映了供给侧" 反内卷 "的初步成效。只是稳物价依然任重道远，需要进一步综合施策。 " 反内卷"助力物价改善 今年前8个月，我国CPI累计同比下降0.1%，剔除食品和能源的核心CPI增长0 ...

首先，九月行情即将收官，长假影响仍主导短期市场。 九月行情即将结束，由于正处于季末，投资者调整持仓成为影响短期市场的主要因素。此 外，即将到来的八天长假，也使得国内投资者更多处于观望状态，市场的成交活跃度较前期有所下降。展望节后市场，市场关注焦点将再次聚焦在国内经 济的运行趋势上。一方面，市场关注需求侧是否会出台更多的方案来稳定经济增速，其中财政政策的发力尤为关键；另一方面，供给侧的"反内卷"工作仍 是重中之重，其事关 PPI 能否回升，进而加快上市公司利润的增长。 其次，两市震荡反弹，沪指收回短期均线。 周一，沪指全天震荡攀升，午后一度向上拉升，但尾盘略有回落，收盘最终站上了有所短期均线。深圳 成指近期继续处于领涨态势，盘中再创本轮反弹新高。两市量能达到 2.1 万亿元左右，较上周五略有增加。微观结构上，全天个股涨多跌少，个股活跃度 有所提高。当天市场热点主要集中在新能源和上游资源品。投资风格较为均衡，差异不明显。 从市场运行节奏看，市场连续上行后，正在展开技术整固，部分分类指数趋势上行。 八月底开始，市场出现一些获利回吐迹象，提示短期多空存在 分歧。当然，目前的技术调整仍处于强势调整阶段。沪指回落的低点仍 ...

Market Review - The A-share market experienced overall fluctuations with mixed performance among major indices, benefiting from increased capital expenditure in the AI sector and breakthroughs in domestic lithography technology, leading to a 6.47% rise in the Sci-Tech 50 index [1] - The consumer sector weakened, with significant declines in the social services, retail, light industry, and textile sectors [1] - Market liquidity showed a marginal decrease in trading volume, while financing funds maintained a net inflow, with stock ETFs seeing a net subscription of 23.1 billion yuan this week [1] - Internationally priced commodities strengthened, with precious metals, crude oil, and copper prices rising, while domestically priced black commodities declined [1] - The US dollar index increased, with the 10-year US Treasury yield returning to around 4.2%, and the RMB depreciating against the US dollar [1] Market Outlook - A-shares and Hong Kong stocks are expected to experience temporary fluctuations, with a slow bull market continuing [2] - Following a trend of rising prices in July and August, there is a divergence in capital flows as the market approaches a long holiday, potentially slowing outside capital inflow [2] - The current bull market is supported by ample micro liquidity, policies aimed at stabilizing the stock market, and the entry of medium to long-term funds [2] - Economic data remains weak, but the effects of "anti-involution" policies are beginning to show, leading to marginal improvements in long-term profit expectations for A-shares [2] Key Focus Areas 1) The Federal Reserve's recent "preventive" interest rate cut and the increasing divergence in future rate cut paths among officials [2] 2) The impact of supply-side "anti-involution" policies, with industrial profits in August showing a year-on-year increase of 20.4%, improving from a -1.7% decline in July [3] 3) The narrowing of the Producer Price Index (PPI) decline, with August showing a year-on-year decrease of -2.9%, marking the first narrowing since March [3] Sector Insights - The technology sector is experiencing significant catalysts, with AI leading a new wave of technological advancement [4] - Global tech giants are increasing capital expenditure in AI, validating high growth expectations for leading companies [4] - The market anticipates high growth in earnings for growth sectors by 2025, including military electronics, software development, IT services, optical electronics, gaming, new energy, semiconductors, and communication equipment [4] Liquidity Analysis - The liquidity situation in A-shares remains robust, with non-bank deposits increasing by 550 billion yuan year-on-year in August [4] - The M1-M2 negative scissors gap continues to narrow, indicating a positive impact on residents' risk appetite [4] - The trend of residents favoring passive investment products is evident, with index funds seeing rapid growth in net asset value [4] Industry Allocation - The main focus remains on the technology sector, with an expected acceleration in internal rotation among growth stocks [5] - Attention is also directed towards non-tech sectors that are showing positive trends, such as chemicals, non-ferrous metals, and engineering machinery [5]

Group 1 - The upcoming long holiday is leading to increased investor caution, with trading activity expected to decline as investors await external market developments [1] - Post-holiday market focus will shift back to domestic economic trends, particularly on demand-side policies to stabilize economic growth and supply-side efforts to address "involution" issues, which are crucial for PPI recovery and corporate profit growth [1] - Last week, the market experienced fluctuations, with the Shanghai Composite Index testing the 30-day moving average, closing above it, while the Shenzhen Component Index showed strong performance, reaching a new high before slightly retreating [1] Group 2 - The market is currently in a consolidation phase after a period of upward movement, with the Shanghai Composite Index showing strong support above previous resistance levels from 2021 [2] - Despite the consolidation, some sector indices continue to trend upward, indicating that structural rotation remains a key characteristic of the current market [2]

管涛 | 立方大家谈专栏作者 年初政府工作报告将今年居民消费价格指数（CPI）预期涨幅设定在2%左右，较往年下调了1个百分 点，并强调通过各项政策和改革共同作用，改善供求关系，使价格总水平处在合理区间。今年以来，央 行也多次强调把促进物价合理回升作为货币政策的重要考量。至今，尽管国内物价依然维持低位运行， 但出现了一些积极变化，反映了供给侧"反内卷"的初步成效。只是稳物价依然任重道远，需要进一步综 合施策。 "反内卷"助力物价改善 今年前8个月，我国CPI累计同比下降0.1%，剔除食品和能源的核心CPI增长0.5%，工业生产者出厂价格 指数（PPI）下降2.9%；上半年国内生产总值平减指数下降1.0%，已连续9个季度同比下降。从这些指 标看，今年要实现年初制定的通胀预期目标难度不小。 但同时也要看到，国内物价运行边际上出现了一些积极变化：一是月度核心CPI自今年5月以来连续4个 月同比增速环比回升，8月份升至0.9%；二是8月份PPI同比下降2.9%，但月度同比降幅在经历连续5个 月环比扩大后首次回落，幅度达到0.7个百分点。 物价长期低位运行是当前我国经济面临的主要挑战之一，也是导致宏微观体感温差的主要原因 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes that supply-side "anti-involution" will be an important policy tool to improve the supply-demand relationship and stabilize prices, with a CPI target set at around 2% for the year [1][2] - The CPI has shown a cumulative year-on-year decline of 0.1% in the first eight months, while the core CPI, excluding food and energy, has increased by 0.5% [2][3] - The Producer Price Index (PPI) has decreased by 2.9%, but the monthly decline has narrowed for the first time after five months of expansion, indicating some positive changes in price dynamics [2][3] Group 2 - The "anti-involution" measures are aimed at curbing excessive competition that distorts market mechanisms and harms consumer interests, which has contributed to the long-term low price levels in China [4][5] - The government has implemented various policies to regulate local government behavior, enhance industry self-discipline, and standardize market practices to combat "involution" [5][6] - The focus on quality competition and innovation is emphasized, encouraging companies to improve competitiveness through technological advancements and brand building [6][7] Group 3 - The current "anti-involution" approach differs from the previous supply-side structural reforms, as it encompasses both upstream and downstream sectors, traditional and emerging industries, and emphasizes market-based and legal measures [7][8] - The demand side also needs to be strengthened to promote price recovery, as the current "anti-involution" measures have a limited impact compared to the previous "capacity reduction" efforts [8][9] - The analysis indicates that the correlation between PPI and commodity indices has reversed, highlighting the need for demand-side support to enhance overall price recovery [8][10] Group 4 - Employment is highlighted as a critical issue, with a focus on policies to promote job creation for key groups such as recent graduates and migrant workers [11] - The government is encouraged to relax consumption restrictions and increase public procurement to stimulate consumer spending [11][12] - Investment expansion is identified as a key area for boosting domestic demand, with potential in infrastructure and private sector investment [12][13]

Group 1: Market Overview - The report emphasizes the importance of grasping economic trends and capitalizing on low-level rebounds in the market for August 2025 [2][4] - In July, despite facing multiple variables such as tariff negotiations and Federal Reserve meetings, market sentiment remained strong, with major indices reaching new highs for the year [3] - The core contradiction in the market is expected to focus on internal factors, with a stable demand-side growth policy and supply-side adjustments anticipated to drive profitability improvements [3][4] Group 2: Investment Recommendations - The report suggests a dual approach to investment: focusing on high-probability sectors supported by economic trends, such as military, pharmaceuticals, and communication equipment, while also seeking potential rebound opportunities in sectors like semiconductors and robotics [4] - For the banking sector, specifically Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, the report forecasts net profits of 47.71 billion, 50.88 billion, and 54.566 billion CNY for 2025-2027, reflecting a growth rate of 5.42%, 6.64%, and 7.24% respectively [4][5] - In the tungsten industry, the report indicates that strong demand for replenishment and export recovery are expected to support tungsten prices, with recommendations for companies like Zhongtung High-tech and Anyuan Coal Industry [8] Group 3: Company-Specific Insights - Haiguang Information reported a 45.21% year-on-year increase in revenue for H1 2025, reaching 5.464 billion CNY, and a 40.78% increase in net profit, amounting to 1.201 billion CNY, maintaining a "buy" rating [6] - Xinyi Solar's performance in H1 2025 was under pressure due to a significant drop in photovoltaic glass prices, with projected revenues of 20.5 billion, 24.3 billion, and 28.2 billion CNY for 2025-2027, reflecting a year-on-year growth of -6.6%, 18.8%, and 15.9% respectively [9] - Times Angel is expected to achieve a net profit of 13.4 to 14.8 million USD in H1 2025, marking a substantial year-on-year growth of 538.1% to 604.8%, driven by overseas market expansion and lower operational costs [11]

Group 1 - The report highlights that since the 1990s, China has experienced seven notable rounds of price increases, with the current phase expected to follow a supply-side logic leading to a lag in stock market performance compared to PPI [1][16][19] - It emphasizes that demand determines potential returns while supply influences certainty, indicating that the current supply-side "anti-involution" is clear, and further guidance from the demand side is awaited [1][17][19] - The report suggests that if demand-side policies are implemented, sectors with relatively high certainty and elasticity, such as cement, glass, pharmaceuticals, and electrical machinery, are likely to benefit [1][19] Group 2 - The monthly market review indicates that despite various external factors, market sentiment has improved, with major indices reaching new highs, particularly in the steel, pharmaceuticals, and construction materials sectors [2][23] - The report notes that the core contradiction in the market remains internal, with expectations for profit improvement driving the market, while external factors are expected to have a muted impact [3][23] - It recommends focusing on sectors with strong growth signals and those in an upward trend, such as military, pharmaceuticals, communication equipment, and insurance, while also considering potential rebound opportunities in semiconductor and robotics sectors [4][19] Group 3 - The report provides insights into the current capacity utilization rates across various industries, indicating that sectors like non-metallic mineral products, pharmaceuticals, and electrical machinery are under significant pressure due to overcapacity [20][22] - It highlights that the capacity utilization rates for key industrial products are at historically low levels, suggesting potential for recovery if demand-side policies are enacted [20][22] - The report also tracks the performance of different sectors, noting that steel, pharmaceuticals, and construction materials have led the market, while banking and public utilities have seen declines [2][23]

Group 1 - The steel sector experienced a significant rise on the 5th, with major companies like Maanshan Iron & Steel reaching the daily limit, and others such as Hualing Steel, Fangda Special Steel, New Steel, and Baotou Steel increasing by over 3% [1] - Institutions indicate that the ongoing supply-side reform is leading to a concentration of production capacity among quality leading companies. The recent commencement of the Yajiang Hydropower Project is expected to boost demand for basic steel and special steel [1] - The State Council's announcement of the "Rural Road Regulations" signals a push for rural infrastructure renovation, which is likely to benefit the steel industry through the release of demand from infrastructure projects and accelerated capacity regulation [1] Group 2 - The "anti-involution" focus is on improving quality and efficiency, with accelerated capacity regulation in the steel supply side. The Central Financial Committee's meeting on July 1 emphasized the construction of a unified national market and the need to eliminate low-price disorderly competition [2] - The National Development and Reform Commission's report proposed revisions to the capacity replacement implementation methods in the steel industry, promoting the orderly exit of outdated and inefficient capacity, and continuing to implement crude steel production controls [2] - The steel industry's anti-involution will concentrate on "quality improvement and efficiency enhancement," aiming to transition manufacturing from "low-price homogeneous competition" to "high-end differentiated competition" through technological upgrades and innovation [2]

Summary of Key Points Overall Market Perspective - The economic cycle is expected to enter an upward phase in the second half of 2025, similar to the period of 2016-2017, driven by local government debt solutions and policy digestion [4][9][10] - The market anticipates a significant upward adjustment in expectations, with current asset prices reflecting a weak pricing environment, indicating potential for stock and bond market shifts [7][10] Industry Insights - **Hydropower Construction**: The commencement of the Yarlung Tsangpo River downstream hydropower project represents a significant opportunity for the infrastructure sector, with a total investment of approximately 1.2 trillion yuan, expected to drive over 100 billion yuan in annual infrastructure investment [12][15] - **Chemical Industry**: The glyphosate market is poised for recovery due to supply optimization and stable demand, with a focus on reducing excessive competition within the industry [16][17] - **Real Estate and Rental Market**: The introduction of the Housing Rental Regulations aims to standardize the rental market, enhancing transparency and stability, which is expected to benefit rental companies and real estate firms [19][24] - **Agriculture**: The poultry market is currently facing price pressures due to weak demand, but a potential recovery in restaurant demand could support prices in the coming months [25][26] Company-Specific Developments - **Lizu Group**: The company has shown promising results in its IL-17A/F psoriasis treatment, outperforming the control group, indicating strong potential for future growth and profitability [31][32] - **Mise Snow Group**: The company has expanded significantly, becoming the largest beverage chain in China, with plans for further global expansion and a projected revenue growth of 25.8% in 2025 [34][35] - **Great Wall Motors**: The company reported record high earnings in Q2 2025, driven by strong sales across its brands, particularly in the new energy vehicle segment, indicating robust growth prospects [38][39]