研究院 2025 年 10 月 11 日 2025 年第 36 期（总第 608 期） Ω 中银研究产品系列 作 者：赵廷辰 中国银行研究院 电 话：010 - 6659 1558 签发人：陈卫东 审稿人：王家强 李佩珈 联系人：程栖云 刘佩忠 电 话：010 – 6659 4016 ＊ 对外公开 ＊＊ 全辖传阅 ＊＊＊ 内参材料 把握我国碳金融发展的未来方向 与政策路径＊ 发展碳金融对于活跃碳市场、满足经济社会低碳 转型资金需求具有重要意义。2025 年 8 月 25 日，中 共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅发布《关于推进绿色低 碳转型加强全国碳市场建设的意见》（《意见》）， 这是首份由中央层面出台、专项支持全国碳市场发展 的政策文件。《意见》在"着力提升碳市场活力"章 节中，对发展碳金融作出整体部署。我国碳金融尚处 于起步阶段，下一步应参考国际经验与教训，坚持以 服务实体经济为出发点和落脚点，大力发展碳市场融 资工具，稳妥推进金融机构参与碳市场交易，不急于 推出碳期货等衍生品，探索一条符合中国国情实际的 发展路径。 ● 《经济金融展望季报》 ● 《中银调研》 ● 《宏观观察》 ● 《银行业观察》 ● 《国际金融 ...

人民财讯9月26日电，2025年9月23日，在中国碳市场大会区域碳市场创新发展研讨边会上，广州碳排放 权交易中心和上海清算所就开展广东碳排放权标准化回购业务等合作签约，本次签约是双方在去年共同 推出广东碳配额线上抵质押融资业务基础上，落实《中共中央办公厅国务院办公厅关于推进绿色低碳转 型加强全国碳市场建设的意见》精神，服务国家"双碳"战略、粤港澳大湾区建设及绿色低碳发展，进一 步深化在绿色金融和碳金融方面合作的有力举措。下一步，双方将共同探索深化绿色金融服务体系，加 快碳金融产品创新，帮助中小微企业盘活碳资产、拓宽融资渠道，进一步发挥区域碳市场先行先试作 用。 ...

9月23日下午，以"沙湖碳心?沪链未来"为主题的2025年湖北省武汉市双碳产业招商推介会在上海举行。 会上，共有23个双碳领域重点项目完成签约，预计将带动相关领域投资超过67亿元，标志着沪汉双碳产 业合作正从战略共识走向项目实体的新阶段。 作为武汉面向长三角地区开展的重要双碳招商活动，本次推介会是武昌区践行湖北省"打造全国碳市场 和碳金融中心"决策部署的具体行动，也是沪汉深化绿色发展合作的关键纽带。 武昌区相关负责人表示，下一步，将以碳汇大厦为核心，持续扩大环沙湖双碳经济带集聚效应，着力提 升"新三区融合"转型发展动能，强化与长三角地区在绿色技术转移、碳资产交易、低碳场景共建等方面 的协同，加快构建"政策+产业+资本+人才"的双碳产业生态，为省、市建设全国碳市场中心、全国碳金 融中心，助力长江经济带绿色高质量发展与国家"双碳"目标实现贡献武昌力量。 据了解，本次活动汇聚鄂沪两地政府代表及长三角地区双碳领域龙头企业、投资机构、智库代表160余 人，发布多项双碳政策与规划，不仅为9月24日举行的全国碳市场大会搭建起沪汉协作"桥头堡"，更以 全流程绿色办会实践双碳主题。 当天活动现场，湖北省生态环境厅相关负责人深刻 ...

近期，我国碳市场领域迎来首份中央文件。中办、国办发布的《关于推进绿色低碳转型加强全国碳 市场建设的意见》（以下简称《意见》），明确了全国碳市场中长期发展的时间表、路线图、任务书， 并要求加强碳排放核算与报告管理，完善信息披露制度。 《意见》明确全国碳市场是实现"双碳"目标的重要制度抓手，提升了碳市场在国家气候治理体系中 的战略地位。同时，《意见》在市场层面提出扩大覆盖行业、完善配额分配、健全市场机制。特别是在 金融层面，将逐步丰富交易产品，扩展交易主体，强化金融机构参与，同时强调风险可控。 今年是全国碳市场正式运行四周年，业内人士普遍认为，《意见》为全国碳市场从"起步期"迈 向"深化期"划定了航道。兴业碳金融研究院首席研究员钱立华表示，《意见》的发布为我国碳市场的中 远期发展提供了清晰的发展规划，标志着碳市场建设进入全面深化阶段。 其中，碳排放核算与信息披露制度的系统性重构，不仅是衔接强制减排与自愿减排双市场的关键纽 带，更成为破解当前市场数据质量瓶颈、激活碳价信号功能的核心抓手。在行业总量控制节点临近的背 景下，这两大制度的落地正深刻重塑企业低碳转型逻辑与市场运行生态。 从强度基准法到总量管控 配额分配再优 ...

Core Viewpoint - The construction of China's carbon market is accelerating, with the government aiming to create a more effective, vibrant, and internationally influential carbon market to support carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals [1] Group 1: Carbon Market Development - China's carbon market consists of three parts: the national carbon market launched in July 2021, covering over 2,200 key emission units in the power sector, with a cumulative trading volume of 680 million tons and a total transaction value of 47.41 billion yuan as of August 2025 [2] - The voluntary greenhouse gas emission reduction trading market (CCER) started in January 2024, with a cumulative certified voluntary reduction of 2.49 million tons and a transaction value of 210 million yuan as of August 2025 [2] - Local carbon markets have been piloted since 2011 in various regions, allowing non-national market sectors to trade and manage emissions [2] Group 2: Carbon Financial Market - The carbon financial market includes financing, trading, and support tools, with carbon bonds being the most significant financial instrument, totaling 805.739 billion yuan issued from 2021 to the end of 2024 to support green and low-carbon transitions [2] - Trading tools in the carbon market include carbon futures, options, forwards, swaps, and loans, while support tools encompass carbon indices, insurance, and funds [2] Group 3: Challenges and Development Strategies - Despite significant achievements, the national carbon market faces challenges such as insufficient industry inclusion, low market liquidity, and the need for improved price formation mechanisms [3] - The government has proposed new development strategies to address these challenges, emphasizing coordinated development among the national carbon market, CCER, and local markets, as well as enhancing market vitality through product diversification and regulatory improvements [3] - Key areas for strengthening include management systems, carbon emission accounting, and data quality oversight [3] Group 4: Implementation and International Cooperation - The government has outlined key directions for implementation, including improving the national carbon market's clearing mechanism and enhancing international cooperation [4] - The existing clearing model needs adaptation to meet the demands of the rapidly developing carbon market and financial sector [4] - There is significant potential for increasing the internationalization of China's carbon market, which is crucial for supporting the internationalization of the renminbi and financial openness [4]

10余年前，为了保护乌溪江水源，当地开展生猪禁养、玻璃拉丝厂关停等专项整治行动。眼看着生 态环境变好，游客越来越多，余建青摸索着办起了农家乐，又在摄影爱好者的建议下，兼职做起了撒网 模特。"当模特年收入3万元左右，农家乐年收入10多万元，加起来将近20万元，是原先收入的四 倍。"余建青告诉记者。 余建青的华丽转身，是衢州深入践行绿水青山就是金山银山理念的缩影。衢州地处钱塘江源头，是 华东地区重要的生态屏障，近年来不断探索绿水青山向金山银山转化的新路径，实现生态环境保护和经 济高质量发展双赢。 夏日清晨，一层薄雾笼罩着衢州乌溪江，衢江区湖南镇破石村村民余建青乘一叶小舟，手臂挥动 间，漫撒而出的渔网在风中摇曳。这不是在捕鱼，而是在表演，一幕"渔夫撒网"被相机定格。 守护好绿水青山，必须加强对生态环境的监管。衢州建立了完善的生态环境监测体系，对全市范围 内的空气质量、水质、土壤等进行24小时全面监测和评估。同时，关停一批高能耗、高污染的企业，推 动产业结构优化升级，已打造形成新材料、新能源、集成电路等六大标志性产业链。同时，该市先后制 定了《衢州市信安湖保护条例》《衢州市国际花园城市促进条例》等地方性法规，用法治力 ...

Core Viewpoint - The recent release of the "Opinions on Promoting Green and Low-Carbon Transition and Strengthening National Carbon Market Construction" marks a significant step towards establishing a comprehensive carbon emission trading system in China, integrating mandatory and voluntary measures, government and market forces, as well as domestic and international elements [1][2]. Summary by Sections Carbon Market Development - The carbon market has become a crucial policy tool for climate governance in China, with pilot programs initiated in 2011 across seven provinces and cities, covering over 20 industries [2]. - The national carbon emission trading market was officially launched on July 16, 2021, and has since become the largest market globally in terms of greenhouse gas emissions coverage, with a cumulative trading volume of 694 million tons and a total transaction value of 47.716 billion yuan as of August 28 [2]. - The voluntary carbon market started later, officially launching on January 22, 2024, with a cumulative trading volume of 250,160 tons and a transaction value of 21 million yuan by August 28, 2025 [2]. Challenges and Policy Directions - The current carbon market faces challenges such as low market activity, insufficient data quality, and underutilization of market mechanisms. The "Opinions" provide specific policy directions to address these issues [3]. - The document emphasizes the need to diversify market participants by introducing financial institutions, non-compliance entities, and individuals to enhance market activity [3]. Data Quality and Management - Data quality is identified as a critical issue, with the "Opinions" proposing measures to enhance data management, including increasing penalties for violations and improving corporate carbon management capabilities [4]. - The establishment of a robust regulatory framework and the development of a digital management information system are also highlighted as essential steps to ensure data integrity and compliance [4]. Market Mechanisms and Opportunities - The "Opinions" propose optimizing quota management and introducing total control, paid allocation, and quota reserve systems to improve carbon pricing mechanisms [5]. - New market opportunities are anticipated in sectors such as renewable energy, industrial energy efficiency, carbon management, and carbon finance, as the document outlines strategies for economic development in response to climate change [5][6].

Core Viewpoint - The joint issuance of the "Opinions" by the Guangdong Provincial High People's Court, the Guangdong Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, and the People's Bank of China Guangdong Branch aims to provide systematic judicial guarantees for carbon emission quota pledge financing, marking a significant step in the development of green finance in China [3][5]. Group 1: Legal Framework and Innovations - The "Opinions" clarify that carbon emission quotas are legitimate pledge assets, establishing a stable legal expectation for market participants [5]. - A dual registration model is introduced to address ownership disputes and prevent repeated pledges, enhancing the security of carbon asset transactions [5]. - The "Opinions" emphasize the importance of judicial services in maintaining the validity of carbon quota pledge contracts and provide a mechanism for dispute resolution [5]. Group 2: Financial Mechanisms and Market Impact - The document encourages financial institutions to innovate financing products, including future carbon credit pledges and carbon asset securitization, to meet diverse financing needs of enterprises [6]. - A mechanism linking carbon quota pledges to emission reduction outcomes is established, promoting a virtuous cycle of reduction and financing [6]. - The collaboration among courts, environmental departments, and central bank branches is expected to transform carbon quotas into liquid financial assets, enhancing the carbon trading market [6][8]. Group 3: Market Activity and Challenges - Despite Guangdong's active carbon trading market, with over 230.85 million tons traded and a total transaction value of 6.701 billion yuan, the actual pledge financing cases remain limited due to legal ambiguities [4]. - The "Opinions" aim to resolve the long-standing issues of unclear legal status and lack of effective default handling mechanisms that have hindered the development of carbon finance [4][5]. Group 4: Expert Insights - Experts believe that the "Opinions" will effectively activate the carbon finance market in Guangdong and provide a replicable model for carbon finance development across China [7].

Core Viewpoint - The joint issuance of the "Opinions" by Guangdong's High People's Court, the Provincial Ecological Environment Department, and the People's Bank of China aims to facilitate green finance development through carbon emission quota collateralization, marking a significant step in establishing a unified carbon financial market in Guangdong [1][4]. Group 1: Policy and Legal Framework - The "Opinions" provide a systematic judicial guarantee for carbon emission quota collateral financing at the provincial level, establishing that carbon emission quotas are legitimate collateral [1][4]. - The document introduces a "dual registration" model to confirm carbon asset ownership and sets up an effective default handling mechanism [1][5]. - Key innovations include the legal recognition of carbon emission quotas as collateral and the establishment of a registration system that prevents asset transfer risks [5] Group 2: Market Activity and Financial Services - Guangdong is the most active regional pilot carbon market in China, with significant trading volumes, including 230.85 million tons of quotas traded and a total transaction amount of 6.701 billion yuan by July 2025 [2]. - Despite the active market, only 31 cases of carbon quota collateral financing have been recorded, with a total of 5.6997 million tons pledged and a financing amount of 93.5281 million yuan, indicating a need for stronger institutional support [2][3]. - The "Opinions" encourage financial institutions to explore diverse financing scenarios, including annual pre-allocated quota financing and carbon asset securitization products, to meet the multi-layered financing needs of enterprises [5]. Group 3: Challenges and Solutions - The legal ambiguity surrounding the status of carbon emission quotas as collateral and the lack of unified operational standards hinder the expansion of carbon quota collateral financing [3][4]. - The "Opinions" address these challenges by clarifying the legal basis for carbon quota collateral contracts and outlining a clear process for handling defaults, which includes negotiation, bidding, and litigation [4][5]. - The document emphasizes the importance of judicial service and protection to maximize the effectiveness of carbon quota collateral contracts, thereby alleviating financial institutions' concerns about lending [5].

Core Viewpoint - The recent issuance of the "Opinions" by the Guangdong Provincial High People's Court, the Guangdong Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, and the People's Bank of China Guangdong Branch provides systematic judicial guarantees for carbon emission quota pledge financing, enhancing the institutional support for the monetization of carbon indicators held by enterprises in Guangdong [3][4]. Summary by Sections Judicial and Financial Innovation - The "Opinions" aim to activate the carbon financial market in Guangdong through a dual approach of judicial guarantees and financial innovation, offering a replicable "Guangdong experience" for national carbon financial development and promoting green finance to achieve carbon neutrality goals [3][5]. Risk Mitigation and Legal Framework - To reduce disputes in carbon emission quota pledge financing, the "Opinions" clarify that carbon emission quotas are legitimate pledge subjects, generating legal effect upon registration on provincial trading platforms [4][5]. - A dual registration model involving the "People's Bank of China movable property financing unified registration system + provincial trading platform" is established to prevent asset transfer risks through real-time freezing functions [5]. Encouragement for Financial Institutions - The "Opinions" encourage financial institutions to lend more confidently to projects that meet carbon reduction support criteria, with innovative mechanisms for handling debtor defaults, including competitive bidding on trading platforms and payment collection mechanisms to ensure priority repayment for creditors [5]. - Financial institutions are urged to actively apply for carbon reduction support tools to provide low-cost funding for eligible green loans and receive policy support for outstanding performance in green finance [5]. Diversified Financing Scenarios - The "Opinions" promote the expansion of diversified financing scenarios by developing annual pre-allocated quota pledge financing, carbon sink future revenue rights pledges, carbon emission quota-backed bonds, and carbon asset securitization products to meet the multi-layered financing needs of enterprises [5].