研究院 2025 年 10 月 11 日 2025 年第 36 期（总第 608 期） Ω 中银研究产品系列 作 者：赵廷辰 中国银行研究院 电 话：010 - 6659 1558 签发人：陈卫东 审稿人：王家强 李佩珈 联系人：程栖云 刘佩忠 电 话：010 – 6659 4016 ＊ 对外公开 ＊＊ 全辖传阅 ＊＊＊ 内参材料 把握我国碳金融发展的未来方向 与政策路径＊ 发展碳金融对于活跃碳市场、满足经济社会低碳 转型资金需求具有重要意义。2025 年 8 月 25 日，中 共中央办公厅、国务院办公厅发布《关于推进绿色低 碳转型加强全国碳市场建设的意见》（《意见》）， 这是首份由中央层面出台、专项支持全国碳市场发展 的政策文件。《意见》在"着力提升碳市场活力"章 节中，对发展碳金融作出整体部署。我国碳金融尚处 于起步阶段，下一步应参考国际经验与教训，坚持以 服务实体经济为出发点和落脚点，大力发展碳市场融 资工具，稳妥推进金融机构参与碳市场交易，不急于 推出碳期货等衍生品，探索一条符合中国国情实际的 发展路径。 ● 《经济金融展望季报》 ● 《中银调研》 ● 《宏观观察》 ● 《银行业观察》 ● 《国际金融 ...

21世纪经济报道记者卢陶然 实习生房钲杰 北京报道 中国提出全经济减排目标，全国碳市场覆盖主要高排放行业 据新华社消息，在9月24日联合国气候变化峰会上，中国宣布了新一轮国家自主贡献：到2035年，中国 全经济范围温室气体净排放量比峰值下降7%-10%，力争做得更好。非化石能源消费占能源消费总量的 比重达到30%以上，风电和太阳能发电总装机容量达到2020年的6倍以上、力争达到36亿千瓦，森林蓄 积量达到240亿立方米以上，新能源汽车成为新销售车辆的主流，全国碳排放权交易市场覆盖主要高排 放行业，气候适应型社会基本建成。 桂林市非化石能源装机达638万千瓦，零碳漓江筑牢能源基础 9月28日，作为第30届联合国气候变化大会（COP30）中国角的启动预热宣传环节之一，2025"低碳中国 行"暨气候行动周系列活动近日在桂林举行。本次活动披露，该市非化石能源装机达 638 万千瓦，占比 升至87.7%，为漓江核心景区近零碳示范区奠定能源基础。南方电网以500千伏桂北站为核心构建环 网，保障桂北风电群消纳，冬田储能电站投用、灌阳抽水蓄能推进实现能源灵活调配。其打造的广西首 个电碳监测平台与零碳虚拟电厂，通过 "碳电寻源 ...

Core Insights - The recent issuance of the "Opinions on Promoting Green and Low-Carbon Transition and Strengthening National Carbon Market Construction" marks a new phase in the development of China's carbon market, emphasizing its role as a crucial policy tool for addressing climate change and facilitating a comprehensive green transition in economic and social development [1][5]. Group 1: Carbon Market Development - The national carbon market has completed three compliance cycles, with a cumulative trading volume of 680 million tons and a transaction value of 47.41 billion RMB as of August 22, 2025, indicating a significant increase in market activity [1]. - The carbon market will expand to include the steel, cement, and aluminum industries starting in 2024, increasing the number of covered enterprises to approximately 3,600 and the annual carbon dioxide emissions covered to 800 million tons, which accounts for over 60% of the national total [2]. Group 2: Compliance and Emission Reduction - Power generation companies have shown a strong commitment to compliance, achieving a compliance rate of 99.98% in the third compliance cycle, reflecting a significant improvement in their awareness and management of carbon emissions [3][4]. - The carbon emissions per unit of electricity generated in the power sector have decreased by 12.1% from 2018 to 2024, demonstrating the effectiveness of the carbon market in promoting emission reductions [4]. Group 3: Transition in Carbon Allocation Mechanism - The shift from intensity-based control to total emissions control, along with the introduction of a mixed allocation method of free and paid carbon quotas, is expected to enhance the market's regulatory power and better reflect the actual costs of emissions for enterprises [5][6]. - This new allocation mechanism is anticipated to create a scarcity value for carbon quotas, encouraging companies to transition from passive compliance to proactive emission reduction strategies [7]. Group 4: Financial Mechanisms and Market Liquidity - The development of carbon finance is highlighted as a key mechanism for supporting green and low-carbon projects, with the potential to reduce economic risks for compliance enterprises and enhance the carbon price formation mechanism [11]. - The carbon market's turnover rate is projected to increase from 2.0% in 2023 to 3.5% in 2024, driven by policy adjustments such as the reduction of compliance cycles and the introduction of quota rollover mechanisms [12]. Group 5: Future Opportunities and Challenges - The tightening of quota benchmarks and rising carbon prices may increase compliance costs for power generation companies, leading to potential market imbalances and heightened financial risks [8]. - Companies are advised to adopt diversified carbon asset development strategies, including participation in green electricity and carbon credit projects, to mitigate risks and enhance long-term profitability [10].

9月26日，证券时报记者从人行湖北省分行了解到，截至2025年二季度末，湖北省绿色贷款余额突破 1.79万亿元，占各项贷款余额比重19.24%，高于全国3.45个百分点；绿色债券累计发行197只，融资规 模超2700亿元，发行量与融资额均居中部六省首位。 在碳信贷产品创新上，推出全国首创的"电-碳-金融""林-碳-金融"服务模式，创新碳账户挂钩贷款、碳 足迹挂钩贷款、"碳强度 + ESG"双挂钩贷款等挂钩类产品。 其中,"电-碳-金融"模式以碳配额质押获得贷款，贷款资金用于购买绿电，绿电再抵扣碳配额，目前已为 省内9家企业发放"电-碳-金融"贷款1.04亿元。 碳账户挂钩贷款以"碳账户+碳评级+碳金融"为核心逻辑，通过建立企业碳账户，将企业综合碳效评价 与贷款支持优先度、额度、利率直接挂钩。目前，农发行黄冈分行、工行黄冈分行等金融机构，为黄冈 雅比纺织等10家企业发放碳账户挂钩贷款1.76亿元。 在碳债券突破上，引导金融机构与重点企业创新发行碳主题债券。目前,中国长江三峡集团、湖北能源 （000883）集团、荆州开发集团等已成功发行多只碳中和债券,募集资金专项用于具有碳减排效益的绿 色项目。 另一方面，结合湖 ...

人民财讯9月26日电，2025年9月23日，在中国碳市场大会区域碳市场创新发展研讨边会上，广州碳排放 权交易中心和上海清算所就开展广东碳排放权标准化回购业务等合作签约，本次签约是双方在去年共同 推出广东碳配额线上抵质押融资业务基础上，落实《中共中央办公厅国务院办公厅关于推进绿色低碳转 型加强全国碳市场建设的意见》精神，服务国家"双碳"战略、粤港澳大湾区建设及绿色低碳发展，进一 步深化在绿色金融和碳金融方面合作的有力举措。下一步，双方将共同探索深化绿色金融服务体系，加 快碳金融产品创新，帮助中小微企业盘活碳资产、拓宽融资渠道，进一步发挥区域碳市场先行先试作 用。 ...

会议期间，由上海环境（601200）能源交易所、江苏银行（600919）、南京银行、中研绿色金融研究 院、擎天互工、联合赤道、华测认证集团、江苏大学等产学研金机构共同发起设立"长三角碳核算技术 工程中心"，旨在精准落地"凝聚学术共识、链接实践资源"的初衷。中国人民大学、清华大学、南京大 学、电子科技大学、江苏大学、南京审计大学、南京工业大学、金陵科技学院等一批高校教授及行业核 算与认证机构专业人士获聘首批专家。 据悉，作为高等学校碳金融"十四五"规划教材系列第三部《碳核算概论》与前期出版的《碳交易市场概 论》《碳金融概论》，是目前从理论到实践最全面介绍碳金融的系列教材，将进一步完善碳金融学科体 系建设。 9月20日，2025年长三角绿色低碳学术研讨会暨《碳核算概论》新书发布会在南京举行。江苏省委金融 委办公室、中国人民银行江苏省分行、江苏省社会科学院以及来自全国20多所高校、科研机构、第三方 认证机构、金融机构约150位专家学者、企事业单位相关人员参会。 江苏省社会科学院副院长李扬致辞表示，长三角地区有着全国领先的绿色产业集群，有密度最高的低碳 技术研发平台，更有持续深化的区域协同机制。长三角正以"一盘棋"思 ...

近期，我国碳市场领域迎来首份中央文件。中办、国办发布的《关于推进绿色低碳转型加强全国碳 市场建设的意见》（以下简称《意见》），明确了全国碳市场中长期发展的时间表、路线图、任务书， 并要求加强碳排放核算与报告管理，完善信息披露制度。 《意见》明确全国碳市场是实现"双碳"目标的重要制度抓手，提升了碳市场在国家气候治理体系中 的战略地位。同时，《意见》在市场层面提出扩大覆盖行业、完善配额分配、健全市场机制。特别是在 金融层面，将逐步丰富交易产品，扩展交易主体，强化金融机构参与，同时强调风险可控。 今年是全国碳市场正式运行四周年，业内人士普遍认为，《意见》为全国碳市场从"起步期"迈 向"深化期"划定了航道。兴业碳金融研究院首席研究员钱立华表示，《意见》的发布为我国碳市场的中 远期发展提供了清晰的发展规划，标志着碳市场建设进入全面深化阶段。 其中，碳排放核算与信息披露制度的系统性重构，不仅是衔接强制减排与自愿减排双市场的关键纽 带，更成为破解当前市场数据质量瓶颈、激活碳价信号功能的核心抓手。在行业总量控制节点临近的背 景下，这两大制度的落地正深刻重塑企业低碳转型逻辑与市场运行生态。 从强度基准法到总量管控 配额分配再优 ...

Group 1 - The Shanghai carbon market has cumulatively traded 265 million tons of carbon emissions since its inception in 2013, with a total transaction value of 5.544 billion yuan, making it the only pilot region in China to achieve 100% compliance for twelve consecutive years [1] - Shanghai has implemented an "electricity-carbon" collaborative mechanism, with green electricity transactions exceeding 8 billion kilowatt-hours from January to September 2025, and has introduced incentives for outstanding companies, offering free quota rewards of 0.3% or 0.5% [1] - The carbon market in Shanghai covers over 400 enterprises across 28 industries, including steel, chemicals, automotive, aviation, and water transport, with a total carbon quota of approximately 100 million tons [1] Group 2 - Shanghai has organized 16 sessions of paid quota auctions by August 2025, with a total of 26.68 million tons of quotas auctioned and a total transaction value of 628 million yuan [2] - The city is promoting carbon financial innovations, forming a "carbon spot + carbon forward" linkage model, and has developed various financial products such as carbon funds, carbon trusts, and carbon insurance [2] - A carbon inclusive management platform has been established, attracting over 200,000 citizens to open accounts and involving nearly 500 distributed photovoltaic projects, resulting in the issuance of over 100,000 tons of emission reductions [2] Group 3 - Future plans for the Shanghai carbon market include enhancing operational capabilities and focusing on three major actions: improving the carbon trading market, incentivizing voluntary greenhouse gas reductions, and enhancing innovation capabilities [3] - The city has outlined 16 key reform tasks, including establishing quota management systems, improving greenhouse gas reporting, and enriching carbon financial products and services [3] - Shanghai aims to stimulate market vitality by expanding market participants, integrating carbon assets into financial institutions' collateral, and developing a carbon account system based on corporate carbon performance [3]

Core Viewpoint - Zhonghuan New Energy (01735) has announced a strategic partnership with Ant Group to jointly develop new energy asset tokenization, smart operations, and carbon asset services, creating a closed-loop ecosystem that integrates green energy entities, digital technology, and global financial capital [1] Group 1: Strategic Cooperation - The partnership aims to connect "industrial operations - carbon asset management," leading to a comprehensive value reassessment [1] - Through Ant Chain technology, Zhonghuan New Energy's photovoltaic power stations and zero-carbon parks will be transformed into tokenized digital assets, enhancing liquidity and reducing financing costs [1] - The collaboration will attract global ESG funds and involve participation in Ant's overseas new energy industry fund to select global green energy assets [1] Group 2: Operational Efficiency - Ant Energy AI will empower power generation forecasting, virtual power plant scheduling, and operational optimization, significantly improving operational efficiency and profitability [1] Group 3: Carbon Asset Development - In the carbon asset sector, the two companies will establish a technology-enabled closed loop of "AI accounting - smart trading - financialization," facilitating the trading and financing of green certificates and carbon reduction credits [1] - This initiative aims to create a second revenue stream beyond electricity sales [1]

Core Insights - The article discusses the development and significance of China's national carbon market, which has entered a new phase aimed at enhancing its vitality and international influence [4][5][9]. Group 1: Carbon Market Overview - The national carbon market consists of two components: a mandatory carbon market for key emission units and a voluntary carbon market to encourage self-reduction efforts [6][11]. - As of August 22, 2023, the mandatory carbon market has seen a cumulative trading volume of over 680 million tons of carbon emission allowances (CEA) with a transaction value of 47.41 billion yuan [7]. - The voluntary carbon market has registered 2.49 million tons of certified voluntary emission reductions (CCER) with a transaction value of 210 million yuan [7]. Group 2: Future Goals and Development - The government aims for the mandatory carbon market to cover major industrial sectors by 2027 and to establish a comprehensive quota control system by 2030 [9]. - The voluntary carbon market is expected to achieve full coverage of key areas by 2027 and to align with international standards by 2030 [9][10]. Group 3: Financial Mechanisms and Innovations - The article highlights the introduction of carbon pledge and repurchase policies to enhance financing channels for emission-reducing enterprises [13]. - Carbon emissions can now be used as collateral for loans, and insurance products related to forestry carbon sinks are being developed [14]. Group 4: Market Dynamics and Participation - The article emphasizes the need to expand the participant base in both carbon markets to improve liquidity and effectiveness [15][16]. - The current structure primarily involves high-emission enterprises, and expanding participation could lead to more continuous price signals in the market [16].