本文来自微信公众号： 秦朔朋友圈 （ID：qspyq2015） ，作者：巫珩（香港科技大学硕士，区域经 济观察者），题图来自：AI生成 今年12月18日，海南即将正式封关。 实际上，很多人没有意识到，这个小岛发生的试验性动作，其重要性远超我们的想象。 一 首先，海南要建设新型区域性离岸国际贸易中心。那么，要搞清楚一个概念，什么是新型离岸贸易？ 在传统的离岸贸易里，中国企业的角色更多是参与方，也就是作为货物的供应方，借助开设在新加 坡、中国香港等地的离岸公司，将"Made in China"的产品销售到全球市场。 但是，随着全球贸易竞争越来越激烈，中国企业不能局限于这种传统的贸易思维。而是应该主动跳出 来，从货物供应方的角色，变成像新加坡等离岸经济体那样的服务方角色，将除中国之外的其他国家 的货物卖给全球市场。 举个具体的例子，有一家在中国境内的跨国企业，向柬埔寨工厂购买了一批原材料，并从当地运往越 南进行代加工，最后将成品直接销售给韩国的客户。 你看这整一个过程，从采购到销售，都没有经过中国口岸，但在包括合同订单、资金结算、物流航 运、运输保险、贸易融资等各个重要的环节，却都不乏这家企业的身影，那它是怎么发挥 ...

以下文章来源于秦朔朋友圈 ，作者巫珩 秦朔朋友圈 . 秦朔朋友圈是由中国著名媒体人、财经观察家秦朔牵头创立的一个新媒体与专业服务品牌，包括微信公 众号、微博、视频节目、音频节目等。内容聚焦于经济、金融和商业领域，关注重点为全球和中国财经 商业热点、企业家精神、创新与发明创造、商业文明探索等。 作者： 巫珩 来源： 秦朔朋友圈 ---------------------------------- 今年 12月18日，海南即将正式封关。 你看这整一个过程，从采购到销售，都没有经过中国口岸，但在包括 合同订单、资金结算、物流航 运、运输保险、贸易融资等 各个重要的环节，却都不乏这家企业的身影，那它是怎么发挥作用的 呢？实际上都是通过远程操控，而这就是新型离岸贸易的运作模式。 为什么我们现在要开始重视发展新型离岸贸易呢？一方面，国内很多企业在做中间品贸易与全球采 购，这可以给它们搭建高效平台，帮助它们深度融入全球产业链分工，从而提升中国企业在区域价 值链的地位。 另一方面，这也可以提高国家在全球市场资源的统筹调配能力，以及在国际贸易领域的国际竞争力 和话语权。 在这种情况下，海南自由贸易港变得尤为重要。可能有人会说， ...

今年12月18日，海南即将正式封关。 实际上，很多人没有意识到，这个小岛发生的试验性动作，其重要性远超我们的想象。 首先，海南要建设新型区域性离岸国际贸易中心。那么，要搞清楚一个概念，什么是新型离岸贸易？ 在传统的离岸贸易里，中国企业的角色更多是参与方，也就是作为货物的供应方，借助开设在新加坡、中国香港等地的离岸公司，将"Made in China"的产 品销售到全球市场。 但是，随着全球贸易竞争越来越激烈，中国企业不能局限于这种传统的贸易思维。而是应该主动跳出来，从货物供应方的角色，变成像新加坡等离岸经济 体那样的服务方角色，将除中国之外的其他国家的货物卖给全球市场。 在这种情况下，海南自由贸易港变得尤为重要。可能有人会说，上海自由贸易试验区早就有离岸贸易业务啊，而且上海还是金融中心、贸易中心，经济体 量更大，发展该项业务的条件比海南更成熟。再说目前还有一个香港啊，它早就是全球主要的离岸贸易中心啊。 2024年，上海浦东离岸贸易规模达到900亿美元，而海南洋浦离岸贸易结算额达119.5亿美元，离岸贸易的绝对规模更是不足中国香港的1/50。相比之下， 海南的离岸贸易可以说还有很大的努力空间。 但你可以说海南就 ...

Core Insights - The article analyzes the core challenges of offshore trade in China and proposes an institutional innovation plan centered on "law-tax-regulation-opening" collaboration [1][5] - Offshore trade in China is experiencing rapid growth, yet service trade accounts for less than 10% of it, highlighting a significant gap compared to the global average of over 25% [1][2] - The article emphasizes the need for a paradigm shift in recognizing service trade as the driving force behind offshore trade, rather than merely a support function [2][5] Challenges in Offshore Trade - The intangible nature of service trade complicates rights confirmation, leading banks to hesitate in providing financing support, which restricts business expansion [3][5] - The integration of information flow, capital flow, and service results in service trade increases regulatory difficulties, often resulting in either delayed risk identification or excessive compliance costs for enterprises [3][5] - High dependency on rules and significant international discrepancies in regulations create compliance challenges for Chinese service enterprises operating abroad, with compliance costs consuming 8% to 12% of service revenue [3][4] Factors Limiting Development - A long-standing bias towards "heavy goods, light services" has led to a relative disadvantage for service trade in resource allocation and policy support [4][5] - Fragmented statistical standards for service trade hinder precise decision-making and strategy formulation [4][5] - Domestic institutions lack sufficient international service capabilities, with cross-border financial services coverage only one-third of that in Singapore [4][5] Global Best Practices - Successful offshore trade centers globally prioritize service trade in their institutional frameworks, with Singapore, Hong Kong, and New York serving as key examples [6][7] - Singapore's model includes legal guarantees, tax incentives, and regulatory innovation, facilitating efficient offshore service trade [6] - Hong Kong leverages its common law system and tax exemptions to reduce service trade costs, while New York optimizes service trade processes through account isolation and regulatory collaboration [7] Proposed Solutions - The article outlines a seven-dimensional approach to enhance service trade awareness and capabilities, including legal reforms, tax optimization, and regulatory collaboration [8][9] - Legal reforms aim to establish a comprehensive protection system for digital rights in service trade, addressing the challenges posed by intangible assets [9] - Tax incentives are proposed to support offshore financial and cross-border digital service enterprises, with long-term stable tax rates [10][11] - Simplifying foreign exchange management and enhancing financial support for service trade are also critical components of the proposed solutions [11][12] - Establishing a unified regulatory platform and reducing negative lists for service trade can streamline processes and enhance efficiency [12][13]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that the Lingang New Area of the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone has achieved significant economic growth and institutional innovation over its six years of establishment, integrating deeply into the global value chain [1] - The "Digital Comprehensive Bonded Zone" platform was launched to promote the full digital transformation of the Yangshan Special Comprehensive Bonded Zone, enhancing the efficiency and security of document processing in shipping trade [3] - As of June this year, over 200 enterprises in the Lingang New Area have improved their data cross-border flow efficiency by 70% through the introduction of a negative list and operational guidelines for data exit [4] Group 2 - The Lingang New Area has achieved major institutional innovations in financial services and offshore trade, linking its development with the construction of Shanghai as an international financial center [5] - The "Cross-border Pass" digital service platform has served over 300 cross-border trade enterprises and 28 financial institutions, completing more than 3,000 verification tasks for the authenticity of offshore trade [6] - The offshore trade scale in the Lingang New Area exceeded $15 billion, marking a 23.6% increase, while the international reinsurance business platform registered premiums exceeding 84.3 billion yuan [6]

Core Viewpoint - The Shanghai Lingang New Area is enhancing its role as a platform for higher-level opening-up, contributing to the "Lingang Plan" for international trade and investment [1][14]. Economic Growth and Development - The Lingang New Area has seen an average annual growth rate of 17.6% in regional production value over the past six years, with the number of market entities increasing to 156,000 [3]. - The area has introduced 166 innovative or leading open measures, with 79 being nationally pioneering cases [3]. - The number of listed companies in the Lingang New Area has increased from 9 in 2020 to 17 in 2024 [3]. Talent and Population - The Lingang New Area has attracted 141,000 talents, with a population of 580,000, reflecting a growth rate of 80% [4]. Offshore Trade and Services - The "Going Out" comprehensive service platform was established to assist Chinese enterprises in international expansion, featuring over 500 professional service institutions [15][16]. - The platform has facilitated over 15,000 offshore trade authenticity verifications, with total payment amounts exceeding 430 billion RMB, accounting for 70% of offshore trade [16]. Financial and Insurance Innovations - The area has developed a reinsurance market, with a trading scale of 39.26 billion RMB and premium registration exceeding 84.2 billion RMB [7]. - The establishment of a risk-sharing mechanism for the aviation industry has led to a reduction in insurance prices by over one-third [8]. Future Plans and Strategic Goals - The Lingang New Area aims to enhance its service network by expanding its presence across China and establishing over 40 liaison stations globally [15]. - The area is focused on integrating offshore trade, financial services, and digital solutions to create a comprehensive support system for enterprises [9][10]. Institutional Innovation - The Lingang New Area is positioned as a "testbed" for institutional innovation, contributing to Shanghai's development as a global financial center [10][17]. - The area emphasizes the importance of aligning local regulations with international standards to facilitate cross-border trade and investment [17].

Core Viewpoint - The People's Bank of China has announced a comprehensive pilot reform for offshore trade financial services in the Lingang New Area, aimed at improving the efficiency of offshore trade settlements and supporting Shanghai's goal of becoming an international trade center [1]. Group 1: Reform Details - The reform focuses on "offshore specialized subsidiaries + no pre-approval settlement," allowing banks to bypass the traditional 2-3 day verification process for contracts and invoices, thus enabling real-time settlement [2]. - Banks will no longer need to conduct individual audits of documents for qualified enterprises, significantly enhancing operational efficiency and international competitiveness [2][3]. - The establishment of offshore specialized subsidiaries in the Lingang New Area is required for enterprises, which will be recognized and recommended by the Lingang Administrative Committee [2]. Group 2: Financial and Risk Management - The reform will effectively isolate offshore fund flows from domestic entities, minimizing the risk of financial instability in the domestic system [3]. - The "white list" mechanism will allow the Lingang Administrative Committee to manage enterprise risks, reducing the operational risks and responsibilities for banks [2][3]. Group 3: Growth Potential - The pilot reform is a result of the deep integration of national strategy and regional industrial foundations, with Lingang continuously breaking through in offshore trade [4]. - In 2024, the offshore trading volume in the Lingang New Area reached 24.78 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 87.5%, accounting for 46.1% of the city's total [4]. - The Lingang Administrative Committee plans to attract manufacturing enterprises with overseas production bases, leveraging the offshore trade platform to further enhance growth potential [4].

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of developing new offshore trade models in a cautious and tailored manner, avoiding blind imitation and ensuring that local conditions are respected [1][4]. Group 1: New Offshore Trade Model - New offshore trade involves purchasing goods from abroad and reselling them to other foreign locations, with settlements conducted through domestic enterprises [2]. - This model represents a shift from traditional offshore trade, allowing Chinese companies to transition from being suppliers to establishing local offshore companies and leading the trade process, enhancing their global competitiveness [2][3]. - A key feature of new offshore trade is the separation of document flow, capital flow, and logistics flow, which enables flexible global resource allocation and strengthens supply chain resilience [2]. Group 2: Industry Transformation - Traditional industries, such as a textile company in Suzhou, have adopted a three-stage offshore trade structure, resulting in an 18% reduction in logistics costs and a one-third decrease in delivery times [3]. - Emerging industries, particularly in renewable energy, are leveraging offshore trade to provide technology licensing and supply chain management services, embedding "Made in China" into global production networks [3]. - This approach allows high-end processes like R&D and settlement to remain in China while manufacturing is positioned overseas, facilitating a transition from a "world factory" to an "innovation hub" [3]. Group 3: Support and Development - The expansion of new offshore trade necessitates enhanced capabilities in digital economy, finance, logistics, and legal services, highlighting the need for collaborative development across these sectors [3]. - Financial support for offshore trade requires coordination in cross-border financial regulation, emphasizing the importance of data exchange and enterprise oversight [3]. - Risk management in this new trade model relies on advancements in digital technologies and blockchain, which are essential for improving risk identification and early warning capabilities [3]. Group 4: Local Adaptation and Global Integration - The development of new offshore trade should be tailored to local conditions, recognizing the diverse resource endowments and trade foundations across different regions [4]. - A differentiated approach that respects local characteristics can enhance foreign trade flexibility and attractiveness, ultimately improving quality and efficiency [4]. - As technology and services evolve, new offshore trade is positioned to become a significant driver of China's role in the global economic landscape, especially in an uncertain international trade environment [4].

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Commerce has released a new batch of best practice cases for expanding the service industry, highlighting innovative measures for high-quality offshore trade development in Hainan [1] Group 1: Best Practice Cases - The third batch of best practice cases includes 11 cases focusing on industrial ecosystem construction, international cooperation, regional collaboration, and institutional innovation [1] - The case titled "Solving Regulatory Challenges to Promote High-Quality Offshore Trade" details measures taken by Hainan and other regions to enhance offshore trade [1] Group 2: Regulatory Mechanisms - Hainan has established a self-regulatory mechanism for foreign exchange and cross-border RMB business, emphasizing full-process management of new offshore international trade activities [2] - The introduction of a negative image management concept allows for post-monitoring without interference if no negative situations are present, enhancing the experience of policy benefits for enterprises [2] Group 3: Tax Support - Hainan offers a 15% corporate income tax rate for qualifying offshore trade enterprises and includes eligible talent in the high-demand talent list, exempting them from personal income tax exceeding 15% [2] - Banks are allowed to independently decide on the types of transaction documents to review, resulting in an 80% reduction in foreign exchange settlement time [2] Group 4: Development of Offshore Trade - The Yangpu New Offshore International Trade Pilot Zone in Hainan has seen significant growth in new offshore international trade settlement amounts due to its policy advantages [2]

Core Insights - Haikou City in Hainan Province has launched five innovative institutional integration cases to promote the implementation of core policies of the Hainan Free Trade Port, pressure testing for customs closure operations, industrial development, and optimization of the business environment [1][2] Group 1: Institutional Innovations - The five innovative cases include: electronic bills of lading reshaping offshore bulk trade processes, "cross-border capital + industrial agglomeration" financial innovation development model for the free trade port, implementation of foreign employment units and foreign credit rating assessment, multi-faceted efforts to create a harmonious biodiversity protection practice in Haikou, and establishing an efficient rescue and rapid exit mechanism for small and micro enterprises [1][2] Group 2: Trade Facilitation - The electronic bill of lading case is a typical example of promoting trade facilitation, utilizing blockchain technology to trace the authenticity of trade and ownership of goods, reducing international settlement time from 3-7 days to 1 day [1] - The use of digital encryption technology for operational authorization enhances the clarity of the electronic bill of lading process, reduces the risk of data tampering, and lowers the risk control costs for banks regarding the authenticity of bills of lading [1] Group 3: Offshore Trade Significance - Offshore trade is a highly specialized form of international trade, crucial for linking domestic and international markets and enhancing global resource allocation capabilities [2] - Bulk trade constitutes a major form of global shipping trade, with bulk carriers accounting for over 40% of the total global shipping capacity [2] - As of now, 46 bulk trades have been conducted through Haikou's developed electronic bill of lading system, with a total volume exceeding 7.5 million tons, expanding to various categories including photovoltaic and cement [2] Group 4: Future Directions - Haikou will continue to optimize the innovation ecosystem, encouraging more market entities and social forces to participate in institutional innovation, and increasing the promotion and application of innovative results to benefit the public [2]