记者 沈思怡 国际大宗商品价格瞬息万变，一笔千万美元的大宗商品订单可能因3天的银行审核期就错失交易窗 口，甚至影响企业信誉——这是过去十年中国离岸贸易企业的普遍困境。 日前，央行宣布将在临港新片区开展离岸贸易金融服务改革综合试点。据悉，本次改革内容以"离 岸专营子公司+免审单结算"为核心突破，通过优化对试点银行的离岸贸易收支偏离度考核，从而免于 办理"事前"真实性审核，实现一线离岸贸易业务的全面放开，从根本上破解离岸贸易结算效率难题，为 上海建设国际贸易中心提供关键制度支撑。 将结算周期压缩至实时 以往，由于离岸贸易所涉货物不进出我国一线关境，银行在为企业办理离岸贸易结算前，需鉴别合 同、发票、提单等凭证是否真实有效，还要判断企业在交易中是否切实实现了货权转移，这一过程往往 需要2到3个工作日。 即便是白名单企业，依然面临不同程度的审核，由此带来的跨境结算时效滞后不可避免。 此次改革方案将扭转这一局面。据介绍，试点银行在履行"三反"义务基础上，将无需逐笔审核合 同、提单等单据，直接凭试点企业收付款指令即可为其办理资金结算等业务，将原本2到3天的结算周期 压缩至实时，显著提升企业运营效率和国际竞争力。这项制度创 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of developing new offshore trade models in a cautious and tailored manner, avoiding blind imitation and ensuring that local conditions are respected [1][4]. Group 1: New Offshore Trade Model - New offshore trade involves purchasing goods from abroad and reselling them to other foreign locations, with settlements conducted through domestic enterprises [2]. - This model represents a shift from traditional offshore trade, allowing Chinese companies to transition from being suppliers to establishing local offshore companies and leading the trade process, enhancing their global competitiveness [2][3]. - A key feature of new offshore trade is the separation of document flow, capital flow, and logistics flow, which enables flexible global resource allocation and strengthens supply chain resilience [2]. Group 2: Industry Transformation - Traditional industries, such as a textile company in Suzhou, have adopted a three-stage offshore trade structure, resulting in an 18% reduction in logistics costs and a one-third decrease in delivery times [3]. - Emerging industries, particularly in renewable energy, are leveraging offshore trade to provide technology licensing and supply chain management services, embedding "Made in China" into global production networks [3]. - This approach allows high-end processes like R&D and settlement to remain in China while manufacturing is positioned overseas, facilitating a transition from a "world factory" to an "innovation hub" [3]. Group 3: Support and Development - The expansion of new offshore trade necessitates enhanced capabilities in digital economy, finance, logistics, and legal services, highlighting the need for collaborative development across these sectors [3]. - Financial support for offshore trade requires coordination in cross-border financial regulation, emphasizing the importance of data exchange and enterprise oversight [3]. - Risk management in this new trade model relies on advancements in digital technologies and blockchain, which are essential for improving risk identification and early warning capabilities [3]. Group 4: Local Adaptation and Global Integration - The development of new offshore trade should be tailored to local conditions, recognizing the diverse resource endowments and trade foundations across different regions [4]. - A differentiated approach that respects local characteristics can enhance foreign trade flexibility and attractiveness, ultimately improving quality and efficiency [4]. - As technology and services evolve, new offshore trade is positioned to become a significant driver of China's role in the global economic landscape, especially in an uncertain international trade environment [4].

强化离岸贸易税收支持方面，海南发挥离岸贸易先行先试区政策优势，对符合条件的离岸贸易企 业，实行15%的企业所得税率，将离岸贸易企业中符合条件的人才纳入海南自贸港高端紧缺人才清单， 免征实际税负超过15%部分的个人所得税。同时，规定银行在符合相关监管条件下，自主决定审核交易 单证的种类，缩短了80%的外汇结算时间。 促进新型离岸贸易集聚发展方面，海南洋浦新型离岸国际贸易先行示范区凭借政策优势，实现新型 离岸国际贸易结算额大幅增长。 继2022年、2023年编发两批试点示范最佳实践案例后，商务部此次发布的最佳实践案例包括产业生 态体系建设、国际合作和区域协同、体制机制创新等三方面11项案例。11项最佳实践案例中，"破解分 流监管难题 推动离岸贸易高质量发展"案例介绍了海南等地推动离岸贸易发展的相关举措。 《案例》介绍，完善离岸贸易监管机制方面，海南通过外汇与跨境人民币业务展业自律机制，发布 海南自由贸易港新型离岸国际贸易展业规范，强调新型离岸国际贸易业务事前尽调、事中展业、事后监 测的全流程管理，同时引入负面画像管理理念，事后监测采取"不存在负面情形则无事不扰"的监测思 路，提高企业政策红利体验感和获得感。创新推 ...

Core Insights - Haikou City in Hainan Province has launched five innovative institutional integration cases to promote the implementation of core policies of the Hainan Free Trade Port, pressure testing for customs closure operations, industrial development, and optimization of the business environment [1][2] Group 1: Institutional Innovations - The five innovative cases include: electronic bills of lading reshaping offshore bulk trade processes, "cross-border capital + industrial agglomeration" financial innovation development model for the free trade port, implementation of foreign employment units and foreign credit rating assessment, multi-faceted efforts to create a harmonious biodiversity protection practice in Haikou, and establishing an efficient rescue and rapid exit mechanism for small and micro enterprises [1][2] Group 2: Trade Facilitation - The electronic bill of lading case is a typical example of promoting trade facilitation, utilizing blockchain technology to trace the authenticity of trade and ownership of goods, reducing international settlement time from 3-7 days to 1 day [1] - The use of digital encryption technology for operational authorization enhances the clarity of the electronic bill of lading process, reduces the risk of data tampering, and lowers the risk control costs for banks regarding the authenticity of bills of lading [1] Group 3: Offshore Trade Significance - Offshore trade is a highly specialized form of international trade, crucial for linking domestic and international markets and enhancing global resource allocation capabilities [2] - Bulk trade constitutes a major form of global shipping trade, with bulk carriers accounting for over 40% of the total global shipping capacity [2] - As of now, 46 bulk trades have been conducted through Haikou's developed electronic bill of lading system, with a total volume exceeding 7.5 million tons, expanding to various categories including photovoltaic and cement [2] Group 4: Future Directions - Haikou will continue to optimize the innovation ecosystem, encouraging more market entities and social forces to participate in institutional innovation, and increasing the promotion and application of innovative results to benefit the public [2]