《物理世界》公布 "2025 年度十大科学突破 " 。中国科学院物理研究所 供图 据悉，《物理世界》"年度十大突破"以学术权威性著称，入选成果需满足"科学意义重大、推动知 识边界、理论与实验紧密结合、引发全球物理学家广泛关注"四大核心标准。此次中国团队成果凭借对 材料科学的颠覆性贡献、独创技术的普适价值及广阔应用前景入选，标志着二维材料原子制造领域已贴 上"中国标签"，占据国际领先地位。 为攻克这一难题，张广宇团队历时多年攻关，独创"原子制造的范德华挤压技术"，利用团队自主研 发的原子级平整单层二硫化钼作为"范德华压砧"，实现了埃米级极限厚度下二维金属的普适制备，成功 获得铋（6.3Å）、锡（5.8Å）、铅（7.5Å）、铟（8.4Å）、镓（9.2Å）5种二维金属，这些材料的厚度 仅为头发丝直径的二十万分之一、A4纸厚度的百万分之一。 这项技术突破带来多重核心优势：制备的二维金属具有超1年无性能退化的环境稳定性，且拥有非 成键界面，为探索材料本征特性奠定基础；电学测试显示，单层铋的室温电导率较块体铋提升一个数量 级以上，还展现出独特的 P型电场效应，电阻可通过栅压调控35%；该技术更能以原子精度控制二维金 属厚 ...

Core Insights - The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into materials science is revolutionizing the development of new materials, significantly enhancing design efficiency and reducing the time required for research and development [2][4]. Group 1: Traditional vs. AI-Enhanced Material Development - Traditional material development is a lengthy and uncertain process, often taking years or even decades to create a new material due to extensive trial and error [2]. - AI accelerates this process by analyzing vast amounts of material data, establishing complex relationships between material structures and properties, and making precise predictions [4]. Group 2: Case Studies of AI in Material Science - Researchers at the University of Liverpool used AI to autonomously design chemical reaction pathways, completing 688 experiments in 8 days, a task that would take months if done manually [4]. - A professor from Osaka University utilized a database of 1,200 photovoltaic materials to identify valuable compound structures in just 1 minute, compared to the traditional 5-6 years [4]. Group 3: Domestic Innovations in AI and New Materials - The Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, developed a materials intelligence creation system that achieved a 99.6% efficiency increase, finding optimal material compositions in just 40 automated experiments [5]. - Deep Force Technology in Beijing reduced the R&D cycle for electrolyte products used in new energy batteries from 18 months to approximately 12 months, achieving a one-third acceleration [5]. - Xiaomi's team employed an AI simulation system to quickly identify optimal alloy compositions for their "Titanium Alloy" material, enhancing vehicle structure stability and reducing weight [5]. Group 4: Future Implications - The use of AI in material design not only shortens development cycles and reduces costs but also opens up new possibilities for exploring unknown chemical spaces, driving breakthrough innovations in materials science [5].

Core Viewpoint - The company has signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement with Jinan University to invest 100 million RMB in the establishment of an advanced functional materials research institute [1] Group 1 - The company will provide talent and technical support for the development of the research institute [1] - Over the next five years, the company plans to donate 15 million RMB to Jinan University, specifically for research and talent cultivation in the fields of nano flexible protective materials and intelligent manufacturing at the Nano Manufacturing Research Institute [1]

Core Viewpoint - The company, Taili Technology, has signed a strategic cooperation framework agreement with Jinan University to invest in advanced functional materials research and development [1] Group 1: Investment and Collaboration - The company will invest 100 million yuan to jointly establish an Advanced Functional Materials Research Institute with Jinan University [1] - Over the next five years, the company will donate 15 million yuan to Jinan University, specifically for the Nano Intelligent Manufacturing Research Institute focusing on research and talent development in nano flexible protective materials and intelligent manufacturing [1]

Core Viewpoint - Researchers at the University of Vaasa in Finland have discovered a new method to enhance the stability of emerging two-dimensional materials known as metalene, which could lead to advancements in next-generation nanoelectronics, energy technologies, and biomedical materials [1] Group 1 - The breakthrough in stabilizing metalene materials is expected to provide new insights for the development of various applications [1] - The research highlights the potential of two-dimensional materials in innovative technological fields [1]

（文章来源：新华社） 人民财讯12月4日电，记者从中国农业科学院深圳农业基因组研究所获悉，受亚洲玉米螟头壳结构启 发，该所团队日前联合大连理工大学研制出一种超强耐冲击水凝胶，可大幅提升无人机等设备在碰撞环 境下的可靠性。 ...

美国康奈尔大学研究人员受鸟类羽毛启发，制备出目前已知最黑的纺织面料。该工艺适用于羊毛、丝 绸、棉等天然纤维。相关论文发表于新一期《自然·通讯》杂志。 该方法不仅制备出当前最黑的织物，且工艺简单、易于推广。所得面料穿着舒适，黑色效果稳定，不随 观察角度改变而减弱。 研究显示，丽色掩鼻风鸟羽毛的深黑色源于其中丰富的黑色素与紧密排列的羽小枝结构，后者能使光线 在内部反复偏转、几乎被完全吸收。类似的超黑结构也存在于某些鱼类与蝴蝶身上。 在实验中，团队选用聚多巴胺这一合成黑色素作为染料，并通过等离子体蚀刻去除纤维表层部分物质， 形成尖刺状纳米纤维。光线在纤维间多次反射而不易逸出，从而实现卓越的吸光效果。 （文章来源：科技日报） "超黑"材料通常指光线反射率低于0.5%的物质，在相机镜头、太阳能电池板及天文望远镜等领域具有重 要应用价值。然而，这类材料不仅制备困难，且往往在特定视角下会出现反光变浅的问题。 团队从丽色掩鼻风鸟羽毛的深邃黑色中获得灵感。他们先以聚多巴胺对白色美利奴羊毛针织物进行染 色，再通过等离子体蚀刻技术在纤维表面构建纳米结构。这些结构模仿了丽色掩鼻风鸟羽毛捕捉光线的 机制，吸收了绝大部分入射光，呈现出极 ...

Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering announced the results of the 2025 academician elections, electing 73 academicians from the former and 71 from the latter, highlighting significant contributions from Suzhou experts [1][2] Group 1: New Academicians - Four experts from Suzhou were elected as academicians, including Zhu Lan and Qian Linfang for the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Wang Jianwei and Sun Baode for the Chinese Academy of Engineering [1] - Zhu Lan, a prominent figure in obstetrics and gynecology, has made significant contributions to clinical, teaching, and research work, establishing a strong international influence [1] - Qian Linfang, an expert in artillery weapon systems, has played a crucial role in the development of China's artillery technology and modernization of national defense equipment [1] Group 2: Contributions of Suzhou Academicians - Wang Jianwei, director of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, has led over 10 national-level major research projects focusing on the pathogenic mechanisms and prevention of respiratory viral infections [2] - Sun Baode, a professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University, has conducted extensive research in metal materials and solidification technology, leading over 50 major projects with applications in aerospace and high-voltage transmission [2] Group 3: Suzhou's Commitment to Science and Talent - Suzhou is recognized as a "city of academicians," actively promoting initiatives to attract full-time academicians, including the establishment of "Suzhou Scientist Day" and various funding measures [3] - The city has implemented policies offering up to 30 million yuan in project funding and 3 million yuan in personal rewards to attract high-level scientific talent [3] - Suzhou aims to provide the highest recognition and support for talents, reinforcing its commitment to becoming a hub for scientific innovation and development [3]

Core Viewpoint - A research team from the University of Toronto has developed a new composite material that maintains lightweight and high strength characteristics at high temperatures (up to 500°C), showing potential applications in the aerospace industry [1]. Group 1: Material Characteristics - The new material utilizes a titanium alloy mesh structure as a "reinforcement skeleton" and is filled with an aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy as a "cement matrix" through micro-casting technology, incorporating nano-scale precipitated particles for enhanced performance [1]. - Compared to traditional aluminum alloys, which soften at high temperatures (with a strength of only about 5 MPa at 500°C), the new material exhibits impressive performance, maintaining a strength of 300-400 MPa at 500°C, comparable to mid-grade steel, while being two-thirds lighter [1]. - The yield strength of the new material reaches 700 MPa at room temperature, indicating its robustness under stress [1]. Group 2: Technological Innovation - The research team employed computer simulations to discover that the new material maintains its strength at high temperatures through a unique deformation mechanism known as "enhanced twinning" [1]. - This breakthrough highlights the innovative potential of additive manufacturing technology, paving the way for the development of lighter, stronger, and more energy-efficient transportation tools [1].

科研人员研发"闪速退火"工艺 一秒"炼"就晶圆级高性能储能薄膜 近日，中国科学院金属研究所沈阳材料科学国家研究中心胡卫进研究员团队携手合作者，开发出一种热处理升降温速率可达每秒1000摄氏度的"闪速退 火"工艺，成功制备出晶圆级高性能储能薄膜。相关成果于11月15日凌晨发表在《科学进展》期刊上，为下一代高性能储能电容器件的制造开辟了一条新 路径。 科研人员介绍，在脉冲激光器、新能源汽车等应用的功率电子器件中，有一类名为"电介质储能电容器"的元件至关重要，它们以极高的功率快速充放电， 并且极其耐用。然而，科学家们一直面临一个难题：如何让这些电容器在保持强大储能能力的同时，还能经受住从极寒到酷热的极端温度考验，并且易于 大规模生产。 此次研究中，利用"闪速退火"工艺，研究人员可仅用1秒钟，就能在硅晶圆上制备出一种名为锆酸铅的弛豫反铁电薄膜。据介绍，这项工艺技术可以将材 料在高温下的特殊结构"冻结"在室温，形成了尺寸不到3纳米的纳米微畴。这些微小的结构如同一个精密的迷宫，是诱导弛豫反铁电行为，实现高效率储 能的关键。同时，"闪速退火"还让薄膜的"肌理"更加致密均匀，并有效锁住了容易挥发的铅元素，从根源上减少了材料缺 ...