丨证券研究报告丨 中国经济丨点评报告 [Table_Title] 转口贸易支撑出口韧性增长 ——4 月外贸数据点评 报告要点 [Table_Summary] 4 月出口表现远超市场预期，主要缘于转口贸易的强劲支撑。其中，对东盟出口提升最为显著。 从当下来看，市场或在一定程度上高估了关税政策对出口和经济的影响。一方面，7 月 9 日关 税豁免期到期前，我国企业仍可以通过转口贸易规避高额关税。另一方面，美国与主要贸易伙 伴的贸易谈判在加速推进中；同时，特朗普对本周末的中美经贸谈判持乐观态度。总的来看， 出口短期或仍有韧性，长期走势取决于贸易谈判结果。 分析师及联系人 [Table_Author] 于博 黄帅 SAC：S0490520090001 SFC：BUX667 请阅读最后评级说明和重要声明 %% %% [Table_Title 转口贸易支撑出口韧性增长 2] ——4 月外贸数据点评 [Table_Summary2] 事件描述 2025 年 5 月 9 日，海关总署发布 4 月外贸数据：以美元计，我国 4 月出口 3156.9 亿美元，进 口 2195.1 亿美元，贸易顺差为 961.8 亿美元。 事件评论 ...

图1：4月进出口表现好于市场预期 4月我国进出口金额同比增速表现好于市场预期，出口增速下滑但仍保持较快增长，进口降幅收窄，贸易顺差 大幅扩张。 按美元计价，进出口总金额5,352亿美元，同比增长4.6%。其中，出口3,156.9亿美元，同比 8.1%（3月12.4%，市场预期0.7%）；进口2,195.1亿美元，同比-0.2%（3月-4.3%，市场预期-6.9%）；贸易顺差 961.8亿美元，同比扩张241.9亿美元（+33.6%）。4月外需下行压力初步显现，重点港口货物和集装箱吞吐量 先下降后回升，出口集装箱运价指数环比下滑4.5%。 分地区看， 相较3月，我国对美国以及非美地区出口增速表现明显分化。4月对美出口增速大幅下降30.1pct 至-21.0%，对非美地区出口增速上行0.1pct至13.0%。非美地区中，对新兴市场如东盟出口增速大幅上行9.2pct 至20.8%，对拉美（17.3%）、非洲（25.3%）出口增速下行但保持较高增速。对欧盟增速下行2.0pct至8.3%， 对日本（7.8%）、 中国台湾地区（15.5%）出口增速提升。随着中美贸易摩擦冲击进一步显现，我国对美和对 非美地区出口表现或继续 ...

风险提示及免责条款 周五，据越南贸易部网站发布的帖子称，在周四举行的会议上，越南贸易部要求国内企业和协会致函美 国官员，投诉特朗普的关税措施。这一表态突显了越南对美国贸易政策的强烈不满。 越南贸易部还指示各团体和企业与美国合作伙伴合作，动员美国民众和政界人士支持维持越南商品对 美"正常"流通。 作为与美国开启贸易谈判的国家之一，越南正面临特朗普政府施加的严厉关税。 4月2日，特朗普对越 南商品征收了46%的关税，随后将关税下调至10%，有效期为90天，以便进行谈判。 为了避免对越南出口产品施加惩罚性高额关税，越南政府于周三表示，已指示当地企业大量购买高价值 的美国进口商品， 这是越南在应对贸易摩擦时采取的策略之一。 美越贸易谈判开启，越南谴责特朗普关税"不合理"，并采取行动应对，包括呼吁企业向美国官员表达不 满，寻求与美国合作伙伴合作，以及寻找替代出口市场。 此外，贸易部还要求当地企业寻找替代出口市场。 越南已与多个主要经济体签署了贸易协定，这为其 提供了多元化的选择。 近期美国与多个国家开始谈判，据央视新闻此前报道，日美第二轮关税谈判仍未达成共识，美国以谈判 之名行胁迫之实 。 市场有风险，投资需谨慎。本文 ...

Core Viewpoint - India is proposing to significantly reduce its tariff gap with the US from nearly 13% to below 4% in exchange for exemptions from current and potential tariff increases by the Trump administration, marking a substantial shift in trade policy aimed at lowering trade barriers [1][2] Group 1: Trade Negotiations - The average tariff gap between India and the US will decrease by 9 percentage points, reflecting India's commitment to reducing trade barriers [1] - The total bilateral trade between India and the US is projected to be approximately $129 billion in 2024, with India currently enjoying a trade surplus of $45.7 billion [1] - An Indian official indicated that Japan is next in line for a trade agreement with the US after the UK, highlighting India's strategic approach to trade negotiations [1] Group 2: Market Access and Tariff Reductions - India has offered preferential market access for nearly 90% of goods imported from the US, including a reduction in tariffs [2] - Key export sectors such as gems and jewelry, leather, textiles, and horticultural products are seeking preferential market access to enhance trade conditions compared to other US trading partners [2] - India is also looking to ease export regulations on high-value US goods, including aircraft, luxury cars, and pharmaceuticals, to make the agreement more appealing to Washington [2] Group 3: Technology and Equal Treatment - India is requesting equal treatment in key technology sectors such as AI, telecommunications, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, and semiconductors, similar to that afforded to US allies like the UK, Australia, and Japan [2]

Core Viewpoint - The company has achieved stable operational performance and is actively pursuing transformation and risk management strategies in a challenging economic environment, focusing on revitalizing existing assets and exploring new growth opportunities [4][5][10]. Group 1: Board of Directors and Governance - The company appointed Ye Yuanxin as a director, replacing Hu Xin, and the current board consists of eleven members, including independent directors [1][2]. - The board has established four specialized committees, with independent directors holding a majority to enhance professional guidance and supervision [2][3]. - The board has actively engaged in discussions on operational stability, transformation, and risk management, fulfilling their responsibilities diligently [2][3]. Group 2: 2024 Operational Performance - The company achieved a total revenue of 240.6 billion yuan, maintaining stability despite external pressures [5][6]. - The company has implemented cost-cutting measures, resulting in a significant reduction in management, sales, and personnel expenses [5]. - Liquidity management has been strengthened, ensuring cash flow safety through various measures, including loan adjustments and optimizing the asset-liability structure [5][6]. Group 3: Asset Revitalization and Transformation - The company has prioritized revitalizing existing assets as a key strategy, successfully enhancing the value and liquidity of several projects [6][7]. - The real estate sector has focused on policy opportunities, achieving a sales amount of 63.9 billion yuan through innovative marketing strategies [6][7]. - The company has expanded into new project areas using light-asset models, collaborating with local platforms for various projects [7][8]. Group 4: Risk Management and Financial Stability - The company has actively managed risks in key areas, ensuring stable operations and addressing potential challenges [5][6]. - Measures have been taken to enhance cash flow management, including aggressive collection of receivables and optimizing financing conditions [9][10]. - The company has maintained a focus on quality improvement and operational efficiency to support sustainable growth [10][11]. Group 5: Future Work Plans - The company plans to continue revitalizing existing assets and exploring new growth avenues, leveraging favorable policies and market conditions [12][13]. - A focus on enhancing operational quality and efficiency will be prioritized to address existing challenges and improve overall performance [13][14]. - The company aims to strengthen its core team and optimize organizational structure to support its transformation and growth objectives [13][14].

——宏观数据观察 分析师： 事件要点： 明道雨 从业资格证号：F03092124 投资咨询证号：Z0018827 电话：021-80128600-8631 邮箱：mingdy@qh168.com.cn 2025年5月9日 [Table_Title] 4月"抢转口"效应推动进出口好于预期 宏 观 据海关统计，中国2025年4月进出口总额（以美元计）5352.05亿美元，同比 4.6%，前值为5%，下降0.4%。其中，出口3156.92亿美元，同比上升8.1%，预期 1.9%，前值上升12.4%，下降4.3%，但出口远超预期；进口2195.12亿美元，同比 下降0.2%，预期下降5.9%，前值下降4.3%，降幅收窄4.1%；贸易顺差968.1亿美元， 预期890亿美元，前值1026.4亿美元。 摘要： 东 海 研 究 东 海 观 察 投资咨询业务资格： 证监许可[2011]1771号 [table_main] [Table_Report] 4月我国出口受海外抢转口效应等因素影响，虽有所回落但远超市场预期。4月以来，欧美 制造业景气有所回升，增长有所加快，欧美商品需求短期有所加快，但是由于高关税原因， 欧美抢转口补 ...

2025 年贸易行业分析 联合资信 工商评级二部 www.lhratings.com 研究报告 1 一、行业运行情况 （一）进出口贸易运行情况 2024 年，中国进出口贸易总额稳步增长，累计出口同比上升明显，海外需求韧 性较强；受国内需求较弱叠加全球大宗商品价格下跌影响，累计进口同比增速下滑。 2025 年一季度，在外部困难挑战增多的情况下，中国外贸进出口实现平稳开局，美 国加征高额关税对我国外贸出口的制约预计二季度会逐步显现。 根据海关总署数据，2024 年中国进出口商品金额总值 61622.89 亿美元，同比上 升 3.8%。其中，累计出口金额 35772.22 亿美元，同比上升 5.9%，自 5 月以后累计出 口同比整体呈明显上升趋势，主要受半导体行业周期性回暖及消费电子、汽车、船舶 等产品竞争力提升等因素综合影响；累计进口金额 25850.67 亿美元，同比上升 1.1%， 自 8 月以来累计进口同比缓慢下滑，主要系国内需求端较弱叠加全球大宗商品价格下 跌所致；2024 年全年贸易顺差 9921.55 亿美元，较 2023 年增加 1700.53 亿美元，贸 易顺差有明显增长。 2025 年一季度，在 ...

Core Points - The UK and India have reached a significant bilateral trade agreement after three years of negotiations, which is considered the most important trade deal for the UK post-Brexit [1][2][4] - The agreement is expected to increase the annual bilateral trade volume by £25.5 billion (approximately 246.3 billion RMB) by 2040 [2] - Both countries are eager for this agreement to support their economies, with the UK aiming to reduce trade barriers and India seeking to boost its export trade [2][4] Negotiation Background - Trade negotiations began in January 2022 under former Prime Minister Boris Johnson and continued through various administrations, with a renewed focus under the Labour government [4] - The UK government has emphasized that reaching this trade agreement is a top priority, especially after the elections [4] - The agreement is seen as a major economic milestone for both nations, with UK Prime Minister Starmer and Indian Prime Minister Modi highlighting its ambitious and mutually beneficial nature [4][6] Key Provisions - Under the agreement, 90% of tariffs on Indian exports to the UK will be reduced, with 85% of goods achieving zero tariffs within ten years [4] - Tariffs on various UK exports to India, including high-end cars and whisky, will also see significant reductions, with whisky tariffs dropping from 150% to 75% [6] - The agreement is expected to provide UK consumers with lower prices and more choices in various goods, including clothing and seafood [5] Economic Context - India is currently the world's fifth-largest economy and is projected to become the third-largest in the coming years, making it an attractive partner for the UK [7] - The agreement is seen as a strategic move for both countries to diversify their trade relationships amid global economic uncertainties [7] - The negotiations faced challenges, including India's request for easier immigration access for its citizens to the UK, which was not included in the final agreement [6]

Group 1: 137th Canton Fair Achievements - The 137th Canton Fair achieved record numbers in participating enterprises and foreign buyers, showcasing the resilience and vitality of China's foreign trade despite a complex external environment [1][2] - Over 455 million products were displayed, including 1.02 million new products, 880,000 green low-carbon products, and 320,000 smart products, highlighting the acceleration of new trade dynamics driven by technological innovation and green development [1][2] - The number of foreign buyers reached over 280,000 from 219 countries and regions, marking a 17.3% increase compared to the previous spring fair, indicating strong global confidence in Chinese manufacturing and the market [1][2] Group 2: Trade Negotiations and Policies - The Canton Fair implemented a 50% reduction in booth fees for export exhibitors to support enterprises in facing external risks, which received positive feedback from participating companies [2] - The fair generated an export intention transaction of $25.44 billion, a 3% year-on-year increase, with over 60% of transactions coming from countries involved in the Belt and Road Initiative [2] Group 3: International Consumption Season - The 2025 International Consumption Season was launched on May 1, focusing on enhancing the implementation of tax refund policies for departing tourists, with significant sales growth observed during the "May Day" holiday [3][4] - Retail and catering sales during the holiday increased by 6.3% year-on-year, while inbound tourism sales surged by approximately 90% [3] Group 4: Cross-Border E-commerce and Trade Relations - The U.S. cancellation of the small package tax exemption for China is expected to negatively impact businesses and consumers in both countries, but the momentum of cross-border e-commerce remains strong [5] - China is committed to expanding its participation in international trade agreements, including the CPTPP, to enhance its trade relations and align with high-standard international economic rules [6]

Group 1 - The core point of the news is the successful conclusion of a bilateral trade agreement between the UK and India after three years of negotiations, which aims to significantly reduce tariffs on a wide range of goods [1][3][5] - The agreement stipulates that 90% of UK imports to India will see a reduction in tariffs, with 85% of these tariffs eliminated over a period of 10 years [1][5] - Specific tariff reductions include a decrease in whisky and gin tariffs from 150% to 75%, eventually dropping to 40% in 10 years, and a reduction in automotive tariffs from 100% to 10% under a quota system [1][3] Group 2 - The UK and India both have a strong need for this trade agreement, as the UK seeks to expand its export markets in response to increased tariffs from the US, while India aims to boost its global trade share [2][3] - The agreement is seen as a significant milestone in strengthening economic and strategic relations between the two countries, with potential for increased trade, investment, and cooperation opportunities [3][4] - The UK government projects that the agreement will contribute an additional £4.8 billion to the UK GDP annually and increase bilateral trade by £25.5 billion by 2040 [4][5] Group 3 - The agreement is welcomed by industry organizations, highlighting its potential to create substantial opportunities for foreign trade amid rising global trade uncertainties [3][4] - The UK and Indian governments have adopted a pragmatic approach in negotiations, setting aside previously contentious issues such as immigration, which were not included in the final agreement [3][4] - The deal is expected to enhance India's market share in labor-intensive products, such as clothing and footwear, due to the significant reduction in tariffs on Indian exports to the UK [5]