Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the advancements in single-cell technology and its application in understanding the cellular composition and molecular mechanisms driving cell heterogeneity in plants, particularly focusing on rice as a major crop [2][5]. Group 1: Research Findings - A recent study published in Nature presents a single-cell multi-omics atlas of rice, detailing the chromatin accessibility and RNA expression of 116,564 cells from eight major rice organs [3][6]. - The research identified 54 cell types and described new cellular states, such as a "transitional state" in floral meristem, providing insights into the functional cellular composition of rice at the tissue level [6]. - Key regulatory hubs identified include RSR1, F3H, and LTPL120, which play significant roles in root development, carbon-nitrogen metabolism, and potential plant architecture optimization [6]. Group 2: Technological Contributions - The research team developed the Rice-SCMR, the first intelligent visualization platform for rice single-cell multi-omics, which allows for gene expression and chromatin accessibility searches across 56 annotated cell types [7][10]. - The platform integrates gene regulatory networks, disturbance simulation predictions, and three-dimensional precise localization of GWAS-associated traits, facilitating intelligent design linking genes, cell types, and traits [10]. Group 3: Implications for Agriculture - This study not only provides a unique single-cell multi-omics resource for rice but also enhances the understanding of cell type functions and their potential molecular programs, which could have significant implications for agricultural research and crop improvement [7].

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs has announced procurement intentions for 13 types of instruments and monitoring services, with a total budget of 146 million yuan, expected to be procured between March and July 2025 [1][2]. Group 1: Procurement Details - The procurement includes instruments such as stable isotope mass spectrometers, laser confocal microscopy Raman spectrometers, and X-ray fluorescence analyzers, among others [2][4]. - The budget allocation for various projects includes 77 million yuan for stable isotope mass spectrometers and related equipment, and 43.8 million yuan for monitoring agricultural waste and nitrogen-phosphorus loss [4][5]. - Specific monitoring tasks include assessing soil environments across 5,783 agricultural product origins and monitoring 80 new pollutants in farmland [4][5]. Group 2: Monitoring and Analysis - The procurement also covers monitoring of fresh milk quality, with a budget of 498 million yuan for safety assessments [5]. - There are plans for monitoring the quality of imported feed and feed additives, with a budget of 324 million yuan allocated for quality verification [5]. - The initiative includes monitoring the antibiotic and heavy metal content in pig manure to enhance resource utilization capabilities [5]. Group 3: Agricultural Research and Development - The procurement aims to support agricultural mechanization research, including the purchase of metal 3D printers and related components to address manufacturing challenges [4][5]. - High-throughput sequencing platforms will be used for genome resequencing of cultivated and wild rice varieties, with a budget of 468 million yuan [4][5]. - The project also involves monitoring the market prices of 28 vegetable varieties to provide timely data for agricultural stakeholders [4][5].

Group 1: Brazil's Agricultural Transformation - Brazil has transitioned from a country facing hunger to becoming a major agricultural producer, with significant advancements in agricultural technology and practices [3][4]. - The establishment of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation in 1973 marked a pivotal moment in agricultural modernization, leading to the development of solutions that have been applied to over 40 million hectares, saving farmers approximately $25 billion annually [4]. - From 2000 to 2020, Brazil's agricultural output grew at an average annual rate of about 8%, with crop yields doubling and livestock production increasing by over two times [5]. Group 2: Industrial Development and Aviation Sector - Brazil's aviation industry, represented by Embraer, has become a significant player in the global market, being the third-largest commercial aircraft manufacturer after Boeing and Airbus [6][8]. - The establishment of the Brazilian Aviation Technology Institute in 1950 laid the foundation for systematic talent development in the aviation sector, leading to the creation of over 9,000 aircraft by Embraer [7]. - The Brazilian aviation industry has faced challenges but has successfully adapted through strategic partnerships and market repositioning, enhancing its competitiveness [8]. Group 3: Renewable Energy and Environmental Initiatives - Brazil has made significant strides in renewable energy, with hydropower contributing about 10% of the country's electricity from the Itaipu Dam, one of the largest hydropower plants in the world [9][10]. - The country aims to balance agricultural and industrial growth with ecological preservation, with nearly 50% of its energy matrix coming from renewable sources [10][11]. - Recent policies have focused on sustainable development, including the "green stamp" initiative to promote environmentally friendly products and services [12]. Group 4: Social Development and Poverty Alleviation - Brazil's "Zero Hunger" and "Family Allowance" programs have significantly improved living conditions and reduced poverty, with approximately 20 million people lifted out of poverty between 2003 and 2011 [13][15]. - The transformation of cities like Guaribas exemplifies the positive impact of government initiatives on infrastructure and social services [14][15]. - Brazil's commitment to addressing hunger and poverty is reflected in its leadership role in the G20 and the establishment of a global alliance to combat these issues [15][16].

Core Insights - The article highlights significant research advancements published in the journal Cell, with a focus on studies led by Chinese scholars, covering topics such as organoid development, vascular dementia mechanisms, autoimmune disease treatments, and the role of synonymous mutations in cucumber domestication [2][4][8][12][17]. Group 1: Highly Vascularized Lung and Gut Organoids - A collaborative study from Cincinnati Children's Hospital and UCLA successfully constructed highly vascularized lung and gut organoids using human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), providing a platform for studying organ development and disease [4]. Group 2: Mechanisms of Vascular Dementia Repair - Research from UCLA identified key signaling pathways involved in brain repair for vascular dementia, specifically the CD39-A3AR pathway, and demonstrated that the A3AR agonist Piclidenoson could promote brain tissue repair and restore memory and gait functions [8]. Group 3: LAG-3/TCR Dual Antibody for Autoimmune Diseases - A study from NYU and Chinese institutions revealed a novel mechanism of LAG-3 receptor activation, which could lead to the development of dual-specific T cell inhibitory antibodies targeting LAG-3 and TCR, offering new therapeutic avenues for autoimmune diseases [12][13]. Group 4: Synonymous Mutations in Cucumber Domestication - Research from the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences demonstrated that synonymous mutations can regulate important traits in cucumber domestication through epitranscriptomic mechanisms, challenging traditional views and suggesting new strategies for crop improvement [17].

Core Insights - The article emphasizes the importance of food security as a political responsibility and highlights the need for effective agricultural practices to enhance food production and farmers' income [1][2] Group 1: Food Security and Agricultural Practices - The local government is committed to implementing Xi Jinping's important discourse on "Three Rural Issues" to ensure food security and promote agricultural productivity [1][2] - The restoration of farmland in the Xiaoli Natural Village involves soil improvement and scientific fertilization, with specific areas designated for rice and corn cultivation based on local conditions [1] - The city has a grain storage facility with a total capacity of 30,000 tons, equipped with advanced storage technologies to ensure food safety and effective grain management [1] Group 2: Research and Development in Agriculture - The Zhenjiang Agricultural Science Institute focuses on the innovation and application of new varieties and technologies in agriculture, contributing significantly to the development of the local agricultural sector [2] - The institute is encouraged to strengthen its research capabilities and collaboration with local departments to enhance agricultural productivity and support rural revitalization [2] - Emphasis is placed on the need to improve disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities in agriculture to stabilize planting areas and production levels throughout the year [2]

Core Insights - The methane reduction methodology for rice paddies developed by the Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences has been adopted as the 103rd small-scale reduction methodology under the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) [1] - This methodology is China's first independently developed rice paddy methane reduction methodology with complete intellectual property rights and marks the second such methodology adopted by the CDM [1] - The establishment of this methodology signifies China's international leadership in agricultural greenhouse gas reduction methodologies and its capability to formulate core international rules and standards in this field [1] Summary by Sections Development and Research - Since 2012, the research team has established a long-term experimental base for low-carbon agriculture, conducting long-term monitoring of greenhouse gas emissions and soil carbon sinks under various rice cultivation management models, accumulating hundreds of thousands of data points [1] - The team has systematically developed low-carbon agricultural technologies, including high-yield low-water rice variety selection, optimized water management, precise fertilizer application, comprehensive straw utilization, and innovative crop rotation models [1] Methodology and Standards - The newly developed methodology includes technologies for methane reduction in rice paddies, nitrous oxide suppression in dryland, soil carbon sequestration in farmland, and straw carbonization for reduction and enhancement of carbon sinks [1] - The water-saving drought-resistant rice methane reduction technology is one of the key outcomes, effectively coupling water management and drought-resistant varieties to ensure stable yields while achieving significant methane reduction [2] Economic and Environmental Impact - The "Chinese solution" for rice paddy methane reduction aligns perfectly with the core concept of the Paris Agreement, which advocates for international cooperation to promote sustainable development and reduction benefits [2] - The certified emission reductions generated from projects developed based on this methodology are expected to enter the international carbon trading market, providing low-carbon technologies for rice producers and creating carbon revenue for project developers, thereby stimulating economic drivers for agricultural emissions reduction [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the innovative achievements and practical experiences of Xin Guosheng, a researcher in sweet potato breeding, who has made significant contributions to the industry over 29 years, particularly through the development of new technologies and varieties that enhance production efficiency and quality [1][3][4]. Group 1: Innovations and Technologies - Xin Guosheng has led his team to overcome over 10 technical challenges in sweet potato research, developing key technologies such as the "artificial insect complementary secondary pollination method," which expands genetic range and improves breeding efficiency [3]. - The "one-cut sweet potato stem tip peeling technology" was innovated to effectively detoxify sweet potatoes and prevent seed variation, addressing the issue of virus infections [3]. - The introduction of black plastic film covering cultivation technology has reduced herbicide usage, while the seedling insertion stick technology has alleviated labor intensity and improved efficiency in seedling planting [3]. Group 2: Achievements and Impact - Xin Guosheng's team has been awarded 15 authorized patents, published one book, and over 40 papers, achieving six provincial and ministerial-level results and seven municipal-level results [3]. - The "Yanshu 25" variety, developed by Xin's team, has become a flagship product, generating over 50 billion yuan in social and economic benefits since its nationwide promotion began in 2015 [4]. - The success of "Yanshu 25" has not only driven profits for farmers but also contributed to structural adjustments in agriculture and rural revitalization [4]. Group 3: Future Outlook - The team aims to focus on breeding high-yield, high-starch, and high-quality sweet potato varieties that are disease-resistant, addressing the industry's shortcomings and benefiting growers, processing enterprises, and consumers alike [4].

Group 1 - The core idea is that Huai'an is focusing on developing ecological agriculture by creating a high-quality rice industry cluster through innovative use of river sediment [1][2]. - The research team has developed a rice seedling nutrient soil product primarily made from river sediment, which addresses traditional seedling cultivation issues and promotes a new model of "light and simplified seedling cultivation" [2][3]. - The new nutrient soil allows for a significant reduction in the steps required for seedling preparation, saving labor costs and eliminating the need for additional fertilizers or conditioning agents [2][3]. Group 2 - The technology has achieved large-scale resource utilization of river dredging in agriculture, establishing an ecological recycling model that integrates dredging, resource regeneration, and agricultural application [3]. - The research team is committed to building a complete industrial chain model that connects river dredging, nutrient soil production, and green ecological planting, aiming to enhance the efficiency of technology transfer [3].

Group 1 - The core message emphasizes the significant role of youth in advancing national development and modernization, as highlighted by Xi Jinping's congratulatory letter [1][2][3] - Youth representatives express their commitment to contribute to various sectors, including agriculture and technology, by embracing innovation and addressing challenges in their fields [2][3] - The importance of integrating personal aspirations with national goals is underscored, with youth encouraged to take on responsibilities that align with the country's development objectives [3] Group 2 - The agricultural sector is particularly focused on ensuring food security, with young researchers aiming to develop independent varieties and contribute to national agricultural policies [2] - The role of youth organizations is highlighted as a crucial link between the government and young people, fostering unity and mobilization for national progress [3] - There is a strong call for youth to engage actively in grassroots initiatives and contribute to the development of underrepresented regions, reflecting a commitment to national service [2][3]

6月27日，国家农业图书馆内，一场主题为"农业生物安全——青年与未来"的学术交流活动正在进行。 台上，27名青年科学家依次登台，围绕合成生物、基因编辑、生物育种等农业前沿技术分享思考；台 下，多位知名院士专家轮流点评。这场学术交流活动，是中国农业科学院青年人才联合会成立大会的一 部分。近年来，中国农科院实行"青年英才""青创专项""青年引航"等"青10条"人才培育措施，建立了青 年人才的链式培养机制。 今年3月，中国农科院植物保护研究所宁约瑟研究员团队水稻研究再获突破。团队通过分子设计育种和 基因编辑技术的有效结合，在水稻中创制出对稻瘟病和白叶枯病具有广谱抗病且不影响生长的优异新材 料。"'青年英才'的稳定支持，为我们解决了后顾之忧。团队能够安心长期探索，是成果不断涌现的关 键。"宁约瑟说。 如何发挥青年人才联合会的作用，助力青年人才成长？一方面，强化"硬支撑"。中国农科院打破常规， 优化各类资源配置机制。比如，中国农科院重大任务、战略咨询任务，优先支持联合会多主体协同的跨 学科创新项目、软硬结合的战略咨询项目。此外，对探索性强、风险高的交叉研究给予更长的研究周期 和更大的包容度。 《 人民日报 》（ 202 ...