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中国—中亚旱区农业“一带一路”联合实验室(筹)在哈萨克斯坦揭牌
Shan Xi Ri Bao· 2025-06-21 23:31
Group 1 - The China-Central Asia Arid Zone Agriculture "Belt and Road" Joint Laboratory was inaugurated on June 18 in Kazakhstan, with approval from the Ministry of Science and Technology for construction in October 2024 [1] - The laboratory is a collaborative effort involving Northwest A&F University, Kazakhstan National Agrarian University, Sefulin Agricultural Technology Research University, and Tashkent National Agrarian University from Uzbekistan, focusing on arid zone agriculture [1] - The establishment of the laboratory is a practical action to implement the outcomes of the China-Central Asia Xi'an Summit and is significant for building a closer China-Central Asia community of shared destiny [1] Group 2 - The laboratory will concentrate on six research areas: crop breeding, efficient crop production, modern animal husbandry technology, agricultural water-saving irrigation, saline-alkali land management, and food processing and safety [1] - The laboratory aims to create a comprehensive research center, technology R&D platform, talent training hub, and demonstration promotion base for arid zone agriculture in China and Central Asia [1] - The China-Central Asia mechanism secretariat will continue to support the laboratory's construction and promote agricultural cooperation between China and Central Asia [2]
应对小麦“隐形杀手” 我国研发“立体免疫”技术
Xin Jing Bao· 2025-06-20 04:11
Core Viewpoint - The innovative "three-dimensional immunity" control technology for wheat stem rot, developed by the Vegetable Disease Control Innovation Team of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and East China University of Science and Technology, has shown effectiveness in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat region, achieving a control efficacy of 68.18% without the use of chemical fungicides [1][2]. Group 1: Technology Development - The "three-dimensional immunity" technology combines seed coating with immune activators and foliar spraying during the regreening period, enhancing the plant's resistance to pathogens [1][2]. - The immune activators developed have a primary function of boosting crop immunity rather than exhibiting strong bactericidal or fungicidal activity, thus preventing the development of pathogen resistance over time [2]. Group 2: Field Application and Results - Demonstration applications of the technology began in October 2024 across major wheat-producing areas in Shandong and Henan, targeting regions with high incidence of stem rot [2]. - In high-density trials, the white ear rate for conventional treatments using only fungicides was 5.3%, while the rate for immune activator-treated plots was significantly lower at 0.6% [2]. - The results from various regions, including Henan and Shandong, confirmed the cross-regional applicability of the immune activators and the "three-dimensional immunity" technology [2]. Group 3: Future Research and Funding - Future research will focus on optimizing the application techniques of immune activators to further enhance field control effectiveness and expand demonstrations in the Huang-Huai-Hai wheat region [2]. - The technology has received funding from the National Key Research and Development Program for the "Creation and Industrialization of New Immune Activators" [2].
专访丨意大利自然科学院院长:期待意中农业科学界加强对话
Xin Hua Wang· 2025-06-20 01:31
Core Viewpoint - The President of the Italian Academy of Natural Sciences, Massimo Vincenzini, emphasizes the importance of scientific exchange between Italy and China, particularly in agriculture, to foster peaceful development [3][4]. Group 1: Agricultural Cooperation - Both Italy and China have rich agricultural traditions that are crucial to their historical development, and exchanging experiences can help avoid mistakes and provide mutual assistance [3]. - The Italian Academy of Natural Sciences recently received a sculpture of Yuan Longping, known as the "father of hybrid rice," highlighting his contributions to global food security [3]. - Vincenzini expresses hope that the sculpture donation will lead to increased collaboration with China [4]. Group 2: Historical and Cultural Insights - The Italian Academy published an Italian version of the important Chinese agricultural work "Wang Zhen's Agricultural Book" from the Yuan Dynasty in 2021, revealing similarities in agricultural development between the two countries [4]. - The Academy, established in 1753, is Italy's oldest research institution focused on agriculture and nature, possessing significant knowledge in areas like wine and olive oil production, which could benefit China [4]. - Vincenzini believes that the historical agricultural practices of both countries can be transformed into developmental advantages, especially in addressing climate change challenges [4].
中国农业大学发表最新Cell论文
生物世界· 2025-06-18 04:09
撰文丨王聪 编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 植物胞内核苷酸结合结构域和富含亮氨酸重复序列受体蛋白 (Nucleotide-binding domain, Leucine-rich repeat containing Receptors, NLR) 通过直接或者间接的方式识别病原微生物分泌的效应蛋白激活效应 子引发的免疫 (Effector-Triggered Immunity, ETI) ,引发细胞坏死进而抵御病原菌的侵染。 目前克隆的抗病基因大都编码这类免疫受体蛋白,因此,NLR 是抗病育种的重要靶蛋白。然而,NLR 基因 在亲缘关系较远的植物中可能无法发挥作用,即所谓的" 受限的分类学功能 " (Restricted Taxonomic Functionality,RTF) 。 2025 年 6 月 17 日, 中国农业大学 郭海龙 教授团队 在国际顶尖学术期刊 Cell 发表了题为: Interfamily co-transfer of sensor and helper NLRs extends immune receptor functionality between angiosperms 的论文。 ...
打开遗传“黑箱” 解开百年谜题——研究人员揭示孟德尔豌豆三大性状变异关键基因
Ke Ji Ri Bao· 2025-06-18 03:01
Core Insights - The research team led by Cheng Shifeng from the Shenzhen Agricultural Genomics Institute has successfully constructed high-resolution haplotype and phenotype variation maps for peas, revealing the genetic basis behind Mendel's seven traits for the first time at the molecular level [1][5][6] - This study represents a significant scientific dialogue with Mendel's work from 1865, where he first proposed the theory of hereditary factors controlling traits through pea hybridization experiments [1][4] Group 1: Research Background - Cheng Shifeng's team aimed to solve the remaining mysteries of Mendel's seven traits, focusing on the genetic mechanisms of legume nodulation and nitrogen fixation [3][5] - The team collected approximately 700 pea core germplasm samples from 41 countries across six continents, which were planted in various experimental bases in China for phenotype recording [3][5] Group 2: Key Findings - The team discovered that the key to the difference between green and yellow pods is not a gene mutation but a large genomic segment deletion of about 100kb, affecting the transcription process of chlorophyll synthase genes [5][6] - Two independent but functionally related genes control the fullness and wrinkled state of pods, representing highly conserved developmental regulatory networks in plants [6] - The flower position trait, the most complex among Mendel's seven traits, is controlled by the Fa gene, with the research revealing unexpected genetic modifiers that can alter the expected phenotype [6][9] Group 3: Additional Discoveries - The research provided deeper insights into plant color genetics, revealing that the yellow and green seed differences arise from functional mutations in the chlorophyll degradation pathway [8] - A new genetic modifier, Mfa, was identified, which can suppress the expression of the main effect gene Fa, leading to variations in flower positioning despite the presence of the fa mutation [9]
我科研人员破译高等植物转录因子功能分化密码
Ke Ji Ri Bao· 2025-06-18 00:42
Core Viewpoint - The research team led by Professor Zhu Fangjie from Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University has decoded the functional differentiation of MYB family transcription factors, providing new insights into the "specificity paradox" in higher plant research, which may accelerate the application of grass in new energy and materials [1][2]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study analyzed the DNA sequence specificity of 40 MYB family transcription factors, revealing a new mechanism for functional differentiation among transcription factors that originated from a common ancestor [1][2]. - The research identified key MYB factors that regulate cellulose synthesis in grass, which is crucial for its agronomic traits and production performance [2]. Group 2: Implications for Industry - The findings are expected to enhance the application of grass in the fields of new energy and new materials, particularly as biomass materials [2]. - The research integrates basic scientific research with industrial transformation, leveraging the advantages of the Straits Joint Research Institute and the National Grass Engineering Technology Research Center [2].
山东一高校把毕业答辩“搬”到田间地头,种粮农户现场“考”学生
Qi Lu Wan Bao· 2025-06-17 12:43
作物学专业博士生李春辉的"播期播量耦合与春季氮肥运筹对冬小麦抗倒伏性能和产量形成的调控机制"研究,遭遇了种粮大户李宁的犀 利提问:"推迟播期虽能增产,但光热资源周年统筹如何解决?在实际生产中农民能接受吗?"李春辉从区域差异角度和"双晚"技术应用 方面进行了专业回应,现场随即展开热烈讨论。 机械电子工程专业本科生徐海荣设计的"气吸式小麦播种机"同样面临考验。李宁建议:"可以多向种植户、农机手调研。"他指出,随着 农村劳动力减少和农机手的变化,农机设计必须考虑实际操作性,"技术不能落地,研究就失去了意义。" "减垄增地技术的研究为我们技术应用提供了科学依据。"泰安市岳洋农作物专业合作社理事长薛丽娜对公费农科生吕正尚的研究给予肯 定。作为服务全镇5万亩耕地的新农人代表,李宁也表示,围绕小麦茎基腐病防控技术,希望山农大学子未来能扩大药剂筛选范围,帮助 他们找到性价比更高的防治方案,解决一线生产所遭遇的更现实问题。 "产区答辩让我学会用农民听得懂的语言讲解专业知识。"农林经济管理专业应届生于水跃对此次产区答辩深有感触。公费农科生吕正尚 表示,虽然答辩现场很紧张,但收获很大。山东岱岳小麦科技小院首席专家、山东农业大学农学 ...
河北曲周:科技小院忙“三夏”
Ren Min Wang· 2025-05-26 15:23
Core Viewpoint - The establishment of agricultural technology institutes by China Agricultural University in Quzhou County, Hebei Province, aims to enhance wheat production and cultivate high-level agricultural talent, contributing to rural modernization [2][4][6][8][10][12][14][16]. Group 1 - The current agricultural scene in North China is characterized by a bountiful wheat harvest, indicating a successful growing season [2][4][6][8][10][12][14][16]. - Students from the technology institutes are actively engaged in fieldwork, monitoring wheat growth and conducting various experiments to ensure high yields [2][4][6][8][10][12][14][16]. Group 2 - The technology institutes were established in 2009, with graduate students deployed to the agricultural frontlines to address practical issues in rural development [2][4][6][8][10][12][14][16]. - The initiative focuses on training high-level agricultural professionals to support the modernization of agriculture and rural areas [2][4][6][8][10][12][14][16].
我国初步构建农业农村长期因子观测网
Xin Jing Bao· 2025-05-19 11:45
Core Viewpoint - The establishment of a long-term factor comprehensive observation network by the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences aims to enhance agricultural production efficiency and support ecological low-carbon agriculture through systematic data collection and analysis [1][2]. Group 1: Long-term Observation and Research - Long-term observation is essential for understanding changes in agricultural production, soil improvement, low-carbon transformation, pest monitoring, and modernization of agriculture and rural areas [1]. - The Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences has initiated the construction of a long-term factor comprehensive observation network to collect and analyze fundamental agricultural data [1]. Group 2: Existing Infrastructure and Future Plans - The network will leverage an existing system of 106 experimental bases to create a three-tier observation network covering the entire country, focusing on agricultural resources, ecology, biological disasters, and rural environments [2]. - Future efforts will address issues such as the insufficient return rate of livestock manure and straw, biodiversity protection, and the long-term evolution of agricultural ecological environments [2].
推动大豆年产量跨越式增长,巴西女科学家荣获2025年世界粮食奖
Huan Qiu Shi Bao· 2025-05-14 22:43
Group 1 - The World Food Prize Foundation announced that Brazilian microbiologist Mariangela Hungaria has been awarded the 2025 World Food Prize for her groundbreaking contributions in agricultural biotechnology, along with a prize of $500,000 [1][3] - Hungaria has worked for over 40 years at the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA) and is known for her innovative approach of using bacteria as a substitute for chemical fertilizers, which was initially met with skepticism [3] - Her research led to the isolation of highly efficient nitrogen-fixing rhizobium strains that can symbiotically interact with soybean roots, significantly increasing Brazil's soybean production from 15 million tons in the 1980s to 170 million tons today, making Brazil the largest soybean producer and exporter globally [3] Group 2 - The application of Hungaria's microbial treatment technology has been adopted on over 40 million hectares of farmland in Brazil, resulting in annual savings of over $10 billion in fertilizer costs and a 30% reduction in nitrogen fertilizer usage [3] - As the second scientist from EMBRAPA to receive this honor, Hungaria aims to drive institutional transformation and plans to use her prize money to establish awards for women in research, supporting innovation in agriculture, microbiology, and care for special groups [4]