新提交审议的《美国造船法案》，计划对在中国造船的船公司征收"惩罚性税费"。 日前，美国参议员Mark Kelly联合多位共同提案人，在美国参议院重新提出《美国造船法案》（SHIPS for America Act）。 据了解，该法案最初于2024年12月提出并获得广泛支持，现拆分为两项提案，由于美国新一届国会于2025年1月就任，法案需重新提交审议。 据了解，新法案还旨在通过以下措施，壮大美国商船船队，具体包括：统筹制定国家层面的海事政策；削减繁文缛节，提升美国旗船舶的国际竞争力；重 建美国造船工业基础；扩大并加强海员与船厂的工人招募、培训及留任机制等。 同时，新法案收紧了多项货物优先规则。包括要求在15年内，从中国进口至美国货物总量的10%，必须由美国旗船舶运输；美国海运原油出口总量的 10%，必须由在美国建造的船舶运输。 相关人士预计，新法案将提交至参众两院的多个委员会审议修订并批准。 美国参议员Mark Kelly等就重新提出《美国造船法案》召开新闻发布会 最引人关注的是，新法案中提到，将对由"受关注国家"拥有或运营的船舶、在"受关注国家"注册的船舶，以及在"受关注国家的国有船厂"造船的船公司， 征收" ...

【文/观察者网专栏作者 苏奎】 近日，特朗普政府贸易代表办公室公布了针对中国船舶征收惩罚性费用的最终方案，尽管相比2月份拟议的方案已经明显放宽，但这仍然是国际贸易史上保 护主义的新高点，其政策之荒腔走板、横蛮无理，可以说是史无前例。 特别是此前对任何拥有或者预定了中国制造船舶的经营人，每次靠港最高可达150万美元收费提议，可以说是骇人听闻，也让世界再次见证了美国政客们的 丑恶嘴脸。 目前媒体和各方评论多聚焦于方案的影响和可能的发展方向，需要注意的是，方案的法律基础却是1月16日拜登政府贸易代表办公室公布的所谓301调查报 告。如果我们分析这份时间跨度了两届美国政府的调查报告以及引发调查的美国钢铁工会等的调查请愿书，更能看出美国两党政客们的绝望与仇恨，码头停 靠收费只是一次拙劣的栽赃陷害，这样没有道德底线的打击根本没有奏效的可能。 荒唐的指控 请愿书先是哀叹美国造船业辉煌不再，已经是虚有其表。二战后直到1975年，美国曾拥有全世界最大的造船能力，而仅仅过去了50年，美国商业船坞减少了 70%，失去了数万工作岗位，目前美国的年商业造船量相比世界新增总吨位已经是微不足道了（0.1%）。 请愿书还列举了一些数字，比较 ...

Group 1 - Trump's economic strategy is contradictory, as his tariff policies may lead to inflation while simultaneously risking deflation due to potential impacts on exports [2][3] - The U.S. is unlikely to develop a competitive shipbuilding industry within seven years, as it lacks the capacity to build advanced vessels needed for modern shipping [3] - The U.S. surpassed Australia in 2023 to become the world's largest exporter of liquefied natural gas (LNG), with plans to double exports by the end of the decade [4][5] Group 2 - The U.S. energy sector warns that new regulations could undermine its ability to lead the global LNG market, as there is currently insufficient capacity to build necessary LNG transport vessels [3][5] - China remains a dominant player in the shipbuilding industry, accounting for a significant share of global orders across various vessel types, including 83% of container ships [7] - The impact of U.S. tariffs on Chinese shipbuilders is uncertain, and large-scale withdrawal from the Chinese shipbuilding sector is unlikely in the near term [7]

Group 1 - South Korea is seeking to engage in "calm and orderly" negotiations with the United States regarding trade issues, aiming to reach an agreement before July to avoid additional tariffs [1] - The South Korean delegation, including the Deputy Prime Minister and the Minister of Trade, met with U.S. officials to discuss the potential agreement, coinciding with the expiration of a 90-day tariff suspension by President Trump [1] - The U.S. has been increasingly exerting control over South Korea, with some commentators suggesting that South Korea is becoming a "puppet" of the U.S. in the context of strategic competition with China [3] Group 2 - The South Korean government is maintaining strategic ambiguity in its foreign policy, particularly regarding its stance towards China and the U.S., as it prepares for upcoming elections [5] - The current administration is cautious about rushing into an agreement with the U.S. due to potential political ramifications and the desire to avoid being seen as choosing sides in the U.S.-China rivalry [7] - Former President Moon Jae-in has publicly criticized the current government's actions, indicating a potential shift in South Korea's political landscape and its approach to international relations [7]

韩国代总统接见美国海军部长 共商造船合作 智通财经4月30日电，据韩国国务总理办公室30日消息，代行总统职权的国务总理韩德洙30日在政府首 尔办公楼接见到访的美国海军部长约翰·费兰，双方就两国造船业合作交换意见。费兰对韩美有必要进 一步加强造船合作表示认同，认为这有助于推动美国海军强化戒备态势并支持造船业重振。他说，美方 将为与韩企开展造船合作付出更多努力。 ...

Group 1: Shipbuilding Industry - China dominates the shipbuilding industry, securing 70% of global orders as of 2024, showcasing its leadership in maritime trade [3] - The busy operations at Jiangnan Shipyard challenge the perception of China's naval technology lag, with over 40% of the global cargo fleet under the Chinese flag [3] Group 2: Automotive Industry - In 2024, China produced 31 million vehicles and exported 6.4 million, surpassing global competitors and changing perceptions about its automotive capabilities [3] - Traditional European automotive giants are now facing competition from Chinese companies like BYD and CATL, indicating a shift in industrial dominance [3] Group 3: Aerospace Industry - China's achievements in aerospace, including the C919 aircraft and rapid advancements in defense and space technology, signify its emergence as a key player in global tech competition [5] - The Tiangong space station has become a focal point for international collaboration, further establishing China's role in aerospace [5] Group 4: Semiconductor Industry - Despite Western attempts to hinder China's semiconductor progress, Shanghai Microelectronics has successfully mass-produced 28nm lithography machines, demonstrating resilience and innovation [5] - China's advancements in semiconductor technology, despite U.S. restrictions, highlight its growing capabilities in AI and technology sectors [5] Group 5: Economic and Political Context - The U.S.-initiated tariff war in 2025 inadvertently catalyzed China's rise, revealing vulnerabilities in Western hegemony [7] - The tariff strategy aimed at reshaping the U.S. economic position backfired, weakening its own economic advantages while strengthening China's global presence [7] - The evolving global landscape is characterized by a shift towards a multipolar international system, with China taking a leading role [7]

美国贸易代表办公室近日宣布对中国海事、物流和造船领域301调查的最终措施，包括征收高额港口 费、运输限制等。美方相关做法损人害己，将推高全球海运成本，扰乱全球供应链稳定，也将损害美国 消费者和企业利益。 美方声称，中国有针对性地主导海运、物流和造船业是导致美国造船和航运业无法满足国内和对外贸易 需求的关键因素。美征收高额港口费等措施旨在促进美国造船业发展，并遏制中国在该领域的主导地 位。 美方将自身问题归咎于中国，既缺乏事实依据，也有悖经济常识。中国造船业能实现今天的发展成就， 靠的不是所谓的"针对性措施"，而是完备的工业体系、训练有素的工程师和产业工人以及开放的商业环 境，是相关企业积极参与国际合作和全球竞争的成果。 征收高额港口费等措施，只不过是已被反复证明无效的保护主义"旧药方"，注定治不了美国造船业的沉 疴，还将破坏全球航运体系，进一步加剧国际贸易混乱。美国商船在全球占比很低，且造船产能极为有 限，相关措施若强行实施，将进一步限制美国国际贸易，推高美国商品价格，加剧通胀压力，反噬美国 经济。据彼得森国际经济研究所测算，一旦中美海运成本增加15%，美国通胀率或上升0.8个百分点。 美国根科船务贸易公司首 ...

Group 1 - The U.S. Navy Secretary John Ferland expressed the need for Japan's assistance in the U.S. shipbuilding industry due to the significant gap in shipbuilding capabilities between the U.S. and China, with China reportedly having a capacity 200 times greater than that of the U.S. [2][3] - The U.S. shipbuilding industry has been in decline since the post-World War II era, with Japan's shipbuilding industry gaining prominence in the 2000s, leading to a decrease in the U.S. market share [3][4] - The U.S. government aims to revitalize domestic manufacturing and address security concerns regarding military capabilities being surpassed by China [4] Group 2 - Japanese companies, such as Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and Japan Marine United, are involved in the construction of advanced naval vessels, including the FFM class frigates, which are delivered at a rate of approximately two per year [5][7] - South Korean shipbuilding companies are also actively pursuing investments in U.S. shipyards, with HD Hyundai Heavy Industries collaborating with Huntington Ingalls Industries to enhance production efficiency and shipbuilding technology [7][8] - The acquisition of the Philly Shipyard by Hanwha Ocean indicates a strategic move to establish a maintenance and repair framework for military vessels in the U.S. [7][8]

与日本防卫相中谷(右) 握手的美国海军部长费兰(4月28日、日本防卫省) 2000年代以后，日本的全球份额也不断下降，韩国和中国相继坐上了首位宝座。在此期间，美国 的造船业一直处于低迷状态。从目前的建造能力来看，预计中国达到美国的200倍以上。 美国企业在成本竞争中输给了日韩和中国。另外，作为造船基础的钢铁业的衰退也是重要因素。 费兰还计划鼓励日本企业投资美国西海岸的造船厂。 造船业直接关系到海军的实力。美国战略与国际研究中心(CSIS)分析称，"中国在军民两用的造船 系统方面取得成功，迅速改变了世界海军的军事平衡"。该中心认为军民两用领域的开发推动了需 求的确保、成本削减和技术创新。 美国海军计划增加舰艇数量以对抗中国。不过，从美国造船业的现状来看，难以顺利建造船只。 特朗普政府希望解决军事力量被中国超越的安全方面的隐忧，复兴美国国内的制造业。 有可能成为与美国联合生产和投资候选的是三菱重工等日本企业。三菱重工和日本造船联合 (JMU)涉足水上舰艇领域，而三菱重工和川崎重工还从事潜艇方面的业务。 访问日本的美国海军部长在与日本防卫相中谷元会面时表示希望日本对美国造船业提供协助。从 目前的建造能力来看，中国被 ...

晨报 成材 成材：缺乏驱动 钢价整理 逻辑：中国人民银行副行长邹澜表示，中国人民银行将用好用足适度 宽松的货币政策，根据国内外经济形势和金融市场运行情况，适时降准降 息，保持流动性充裕，创设新的结构性货币政策工具，围绕稳就业稳增长 重点领域精准加力，做好金融支持。4 月 28 日 Mysteel 统计 76 家独立电 弧炉建筑钢材钢厂平均成本为 3351 元/吨，日环比增加 2 元/吨，平均利 润为-69 元/吨，谷电利润为 36 元/吨，日环比增加 11 元/吨。4 月 21 日 -4 月 27 日，全球船厂共接获 16 艘新船订单。其中中国船厂接获 10 艘新 船订单；韩国船厂接获 6 艘新船订单。 证监许可【2011】1452 号 成 材：武秋婷 成文时间： 2025 年 4 月 29 日 重要声明： 后期关注/风险因素：宏观政策；下游需求情况。 整理 投资咨询业务资格： 负责人：赵 毅 从业资格号：F3059924 投资咨询号：Z0002978 电话：010-62688526 从业资格号：F3078638 投资咨询号：Z0018248 电话：010-62688555 从业资格号：F3038114 投资 ...