【论点摘编】 （来源：光明日报） 转自：光明日报 张新宁、卢钊华在《上海经济研究》2025年第10期撰文指出，近年来，党和国家高度重视经济结构的优 化升级，特别是随着新一轮科技革命和产业变革的加速演进，高水平科技自立自强如何有效支撑经济高 质量发展成为亟须探究的重点问题。马克思主义经典作家主张"科技进步推动生产力发展"的理论立场， 中国共产党引领科技经济良性互动的历史经验，以及世界大国面向发展主导权开展战略博弈的现实要 求，构成高水平科技自立自强支撑经济高质量发展的内在必然性。就作用机理而言，高水平科技自立自 强凭借自主创新能力优势化、科技经济深度融合化、战略科技力量体系化，支撑起"科技创新驱动"经济 发展方式的形成、"以国内大循环为主体、国内国际双循环"经济发展格局的构建、"平稳健康发展"经济 安全保障的夯实。但受限于基础研究、原始创新、双链融合、科技体制等方面的"短板"，高水平科技自 立自强还是呈现出支撑能力不充分、支撑节点不牢固、支撑结构不完善等现实困境。对此，党和国家需 牢牢抓住战略核心、企业主体、创新导向这三个关键节点，有针对性地强化基础研究体系建设、实现创 新链产业链深度融合、推进科技体制全面深化 ...

日本经济新闻近日进行"100名日本企业家问卷调查"。围绕中国对高市早苗"台湾有事"答辩 的强硬反对，企业家正在冷静应对。关于中日关系恶化对经营的影响，称"负面"和"总体上 负面"的合计为67.3％…… 日本的主要企业正在要求放宽工作时间限制。在日本经济新闻的"100名日本企业家问卷调查"中，近9成 回答支持高市早苗政府正在讨论的放宽方针。要求扩大裁量劳动制对象的呼声也很多。企业希望扩大灵 活的工作方式、提高生产效率的意向变得明显。 问卷调查以日本国内主要企业的社长（包括会长等）为对象，于12月2日至22日实施，得到了141家企业 的回答。 高市政权在新成立的"日本成长战略会议"的首次会议上提出了"应纳入综合经济对策的重点措施"。列举 了放宽工作时间限制的措施，明确表示"将以维持身心健康和让员工选择为前提，从多方面探讨与工作 时间法制相关的政策应对方式"。 提高加班上限、扩大将劳资双方预先约定的时间视为工作的裁量劳动制将成为选项。 对于日本政府讨论放宽工作时间限制，"赞成"（26.3%）和"总体上赞成"（60.0%）合计占86.3%。作为 赞成的理由（多选），认为"有助于实现灵活的工作方式"（92.7%）的意见 ...

日本经济新闻近日进行"100名日本企业家问卷调查"。围绕中国对高市早苗"台湾有事"答辩的强硬反 对，企业家正在冷静应对。关于中日关系恶化对经营的影响，称"负面"和"总体上负面"的合计为 67.3％…… 日本的主要企业正在要求放宽工作时间限制。在日本经济新闻的"100名日本企业家问卷调查"中，近9成 回答支持高市早苗政府正在讨论的放宽方针。要求扩大裁量劳动制对象的呼声也很多。企业希望扩大灵 活的工作方式、提高生产效率的意向变得明显。 问卷调查以日本国内主要企业的社长（包括会长等）为对象，于12月2日至22日实施，得到了141家企业 的回答。 高市政权在新成立的"日本成长战略会议"的首次会议上提出了"应纳入综合经济对策的重点措施"。列举 了放宽工作时间限制的措施，明确表示"将以维持身心健康和让员工选择为前提，从多方面探讨与工作 时间法制相关的政策应对方式"。 提高加班上限、扩大将劳资双方预先约定的时间视为工作的裁量劳动制将成为选项。 对于日本政府讨论放宽工作时间限制，"赞成"（26.3%）和"总体上赞成"（60.0%）合计占86.3%。作为 赞成的理由（多选），认为"有助于实现灵活的工作方式"（92.7%）的意见 ...

Core Viewpoint - The Japanese government aims to establish a Japanese version of CFIUS by 2026 to enhance scrutiny of foreign investments and prevent technology and information leakage from domestic companies [2][4][7]. Group 1: Current Investment Review Mechanism - Currently, investment reviews in Japan are managed by the Ministry of Finance and relevant project departments, with a focus on national security-related enterprises [6]. - The existing system allows for pre-review when foreign investors hold a certain percentage of shares, and it includes scrutiny of foreign board members and business succession [6]. - As of now, there has only been one case where the Japanese government advised foreign investors to halt stock acquisitions, indicating a relatively low number of enforced reviews compared to other countries [6]. Group 2: Proposed Changes and Enhancements - The proposal includes creating a new coordination mechanism involving the National Security Bureau and other relevant ministries to enhance the review process [2][4]. - There is a consideration to amend Japan's Foreign Exchange Act to facilitate the establishment of detailed review procedures [4]. - The number of pre-review applications has surged to 2,903 for the fiscal year 2024, which is approximately five times the number from 2018, with over half of these related to the information and communication technology sector [6]. Group 3: Comparison with Other Countries - In 2023, the U.S. conducted only 342 pre-reviews, significantly fewer than Japan, despite Japan's reviews being perceived as less effective due to a smaller workforce [6][8]. - Japan ranks 196th out of 199 countries in terms of direct investment balance as a percentage of GDP, with only 5.9% [8]. - The Japanese government aims to increase the direct investment balance to 120 trillion yen by 2030, highlighting the need for a swift and effective review system to balance economic security and investment promotion [8].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article is that the U.S. and Japan have reached an agreement on a $550 billion investment framework aimed at enhancing economic security through joint investments, particularly in low-risk infrastructure projects such as power generation and pipelines [2][6]. - U.S. Secretary of Commerce Gina Raimondo indicated that the first projects under this framework are expected to be finalized by 2025, with 10 to 12 Japanese companies exploring investment opportunities in the U.S. [2][4]. - The investment framework is seen as a means to bolster both U.S. and Japanese economic security, with a significant portion of the funds likely directed towards energy projects, including the development of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in Alaska [6][7]. Group 2 - The U.S. Commerce Department plans to facilitate the issuance of work visas for Japanese companies investing in the U.S., addressing concerns about the difficulty of obtaining such visas under the current administration [7]. - There is an ongoing discussion about the introduction of sector-specific tariffs, particularly on semiconductors, while maintaining a 15% tariff rate for Japanese-produced semiconductors and pharmaceuticals [7][8]. - The U.S. and Japan have reached a consensus to minimize tariffs on semiconductors and pharmaceuticals, although there are concerns regarding the U.S. commitment to uphold this agreement [8].

Group 1: Government Policy Changes - The new government led by Prime Minister Kishi Sanae officially started on October 22, with a clear shift in policies compared to the previous administration under Ishiba Shigeru, particularly in economic and defense areas [2] - The coalition agreement between the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) and the Japan Innovation Party emphasizes a regulatory approach to the development of large-scale solar power plants, specifically MegaSolar, with legal measures to be implemented by 2026 [4] Group 2: Environmental Energy Policy - The Kishi government plans to regulate the development of MegaSolar plants due to concerns over environmental damage and the dominance of foreign-manufactured solar panels in the Japanese market, which accounted for 95% of shipments in the April to June 2025 period, a 29 percentage point increase from a decade ago [4] - Prime Minister Kishi has expressed strong opposition to the proliferation of foreign-made solar panels, citing environmental concerns and the need to protect Japan's natural landscapes [4] Group 3: Renewable Energy Goals - The Japanese government aims to increase the share of solar power in the energy mix to approximately 23% to 29% by 2040, with a focus on promoting lightweight and flexible perovskite solar cells developed in Japan [5] - The introduction of solar power in Japan has rapidly expanded since the launch of the fixed price purchase system (FIT) in 2012, although the pace of adoption may face challenges [5] Group 4: Agricultural and Labor Policies - The new government may reverse the previous administration's policy of increasing rice production, with the new Minister of Agriculture emphasizing production based on market demand rather than intervention [5] - Prime Minister Kishi is also looking to address the issue of underemployment by exploring the possibility of relaxing current labor time restrictions while ensuring worker health and autonomy [5] Group 5: Economic and Fiscal Policy - The new Finance Minister, Katayama Satsuki, emphasized a responsible and proactive fiscal approach, indicating that the supplementary budget for economic measures must be sufficiently scaled [6] - The government aims to maintain fiscal discipline while gradually reducing the ratio of net government debt to GDP, which is a key indicator for Prime Minister Kishi [6]

Group 1 - The new economic measures introduced by Japan's Prime Minister, Fumio Kishida, aim to alleviate the burden of inflation on households and businesses [1] - The specific scale of the economic measures has not been disclosed, nor has it been indicated whether additional bond issuance will be required for funding [1] - The measures will include subsidies for winter electricity and gas bills, as well as fiscal allocations to ease local price pressures [1] Group 2 - Kishida has prioritized rising living costs as a key economic task, reflecting public concerns over inflation [1] - The directive suggests a preference for targeted measures over large-scale spending plans [1] - Kishida's recent stance has shifted towards promoting expansionary yet responsible fiscal policies, amidst challenges of supporting the economy while managing Japan's significant public debt [1] Group 3 - Japan's consumer inflation rate has remained at or above the Bank of Japan's 2% target for over three years, while the central bank has been gradually raising interest rates, increasing government borrowing costs [2] - Kishida expressed a desire for demand-driven inflation resulting from wage increases, rather than cost-push inflation [2] - The economic plan will also focus on strengthening economic security and defense, with investments in strategic areas such as AI and semiconductors, and measures to address U.S. tariff policies [2]

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the strengthening economic cooperation between Japan and India, particularly in the context of high-speed rail projects and semiconductor manufacturing, amidst the pressure of U.S. tariffs on both countries [3][5]. Economic Cooperation - Japan and India confirmed the introduction of the "E10 series" Shinkansen trains for India's first high-speed rail project, the Mumbai-Ahmedabad line, with plans for operation by 2030 [3][5]. - Japan has committed to investing approximately $68 billion (10 trillion yen) in India over the next decade, alongside plans to bring 50,000 Indian technical workers to Japan to address labor shortages [3][5]. High-Speed Rail Project - The high-speed rail project involves collaboration between Hitachi and Kawasaki Heavy Industries for the production of trains, with India planning to procure 10 trains while adhering to local manufacturing policies [5][6]. - Despite progress, there are ongoing disagreements between Indian and Japanese engineers regarding the signaling systems, which may lead to increased costs for the project [6]. Semiconductor Manufacturing - During the visit, Indian Prime Minister Modi toured Tokyo Electron's factory, which plans to establish a chip engineering team in India by 2026 to support India's semiconductor manufacturing initiatives [6]. U.S. Tariff Pressures - Both Japan and India are facing challenges due to U.S. tariffs, with Japan's economic minister canceling a trip to the U.S. amid tariff negotiations [8]. - The U.S. has imposed a 25% punitive tariff on Indian goods, raising the cumulative tariff rate to 50%, which is expected to reduce India's economic growth by 0.8 percentage points this year and next [10]. Trade Agreements - Japan and the U.S. are negotiating measures to alleviate tariff burdens, including a potential reduction in automobile tariffs and a joint document on $550 billion in U.S. investments [9].

Core Points - Japan and India are strengthening economic ties, particularly in high-speed rail, semiconductor, and critical minerals sectors, amidst U.S. tariff pressures [1][2][4] - Japan plans to invest approximately $68 billion in India over the next decade, while also facilitating the movement of 50,000 Indian technical professionals to Japan [1][2] - The first high-speed rail project in India, the Mumbai-Ahmedabad corridor, is facing delays, but the introduction of the E10 series Shinkansen trains is progressing [2][3] Economic Cooperation - The Japan-India Economic Security Initiative aims to ensure supply chain security for critical materials and technology collaboration in various sectors including semiconductors and clean energy [2][4] - The E10 series Shinkansen trains will be produced by Hitachi and Kawasaki Heavy Industries, with a portion of the manufacturing required to occur in India [2][3] Challenges and Tariff Pressures - Both Japan and India are facing challenges from U.S. tariffs, with Japan's "equivalent tariffs" set at 15% and India facing a cumulative tariff rate of 50% on its exports to the U.S. [4][5] - The U.S. tariffs are projected to reduce India's economic growth by 0.8 percentage points this year and next, prompting the Indian government to offer financial support to affected businesses [5]

Group 1: Investment and Economic Cooperation - Japan has committed to invest approximately $68 billion (about 10 trillion yen) in India over the next decade, focusing on sectors such as semiconductors, critical minerals, and high-speed rail [1][3] - The first high-speed rail project in India, the Mumbai-Ahmedabad corridor, is set to utilize the "E10 series" Shinkansen trains, with a procurement plan for 10 trains and a requirement for some production to occur in India [3][4] - The bilateral trade between Japan and India is projected to reach $25.2 billion in 2024, indicating a significant increase in direct investment and trade [1] Group 2: Technology and Talent Exchange - Japan plans to bring in 50,000 Indian technical professionals to address domestic labor shortages, enhancing collaboration in technology and skills [1] - Tokyo Electron, a major semiconductor equipment manufacturer, aims to establish a team of chip engineers in India by 2026, supporting India's semiconductor manufacturing initiatives [5] Group 3: Trade Pressures and Economic Impact - Both Japan and India are facing trade pressures from the United States, with Japan's tariffs on exports to the U.S. reaching 15% and India's products facing punitive tariffs of up to 50% [6][7] - The U.S. tariffs are expected to reduce India's economic growth by 0.8 percentage points this year and next, prompting the Indian government to offer financial assistance to affected businesses [7]