转自：中国科学报 9月10日，教师节午后，阳光洒进中国科学院上海应用物理研究所（以下简称上海应物所）原所长徐洪 杰的办公室。70岁的徐洪杰正和学生们合影。他执意让两位"得意门生"邹杨、杨群夫妇一左一右坐在自 己身边。快门按下的那一刻，老人笑得像个慈祥的父亲。 杨群告诉《中国科学报》，那天，"徐老师特别高兴"。 4天后，这位将毕生心血倾注于两大国家重器——"上海光源"和钍基熔盐堆的战略科学家，在家中溘然 长逝。 "我做到80岁，就不管你们了。再过10年，'80后''90后'成长起来，完全可以挑大梁了。"徐洪杰虽未等 到80岁亲自交棒的那一天，但由他培养的新一代青年科学家已如春苗拔节，在重大科技攻关任务的土壤 中扎根、生长。 后接回忆，徐洪杰还常派研究生对接外国专家，并让年轻人旁听重大项目评审会，目睹"高手过招"，哪 怕不能完全听懂，也能直观感受专家"大拿"们怎么思考问题、怎么作报告。 培养：敢给年轻人"压担子" "敢给年轻人'压担子'。打了胜仗，自然就成长。"上海应物所研究员、钍基核能物理中心主任邹杨回 忆，徐洪杰培养人才的核心"心法"，就是放手将年轻人推向重大攻关的最前线，在攻克看似"不可能"的 任务中成长。 ...

如今，上海张江高新区平均每平方公里就有1家上市企业，全球医药20强有一半在张江设立开放式创新 中心，中国医药工业百强超过40%布局在这里。如今，上海已建、在建和规划建设的重大科技基础设施 有20个。今年上半年，全国每3篇国际顶级期刊发表的论文，就有1篇源自上海。高新技术企业总数超过 2.5万家，日均诞生科技企业320家，集成电路、生物医药、人工智能三大先导产业集聚人才超80万人， 模速空间、模力社区构筑起人工智能产业高地。上海松江率先构想的G60科创走廊，如今已汇聚全国1/7 的高新技术企业、超过1/5的科创板上市企业。以上海临港新片区大飞机园为圆心，半径向外延伸400公 里，高铁时间不到3小时，便能覆盖超过三分之一的装机配套供应企业。 央视网消息（新闻联播）：习近平总书记指出，上海承担着建设国际科技创新中心的历史使命，要抢抓 机遇，以服务国家战略为牵引，不断增强科技创新策源功能和高端产业引领功能，加快建成具有全球影 响力的科技创新高地。党的十八大以来，上海积极发挥科创龙头引领作用，带动长三角区域创新策源能 力不断提升，科技创新共同体活力奔涌，凝聚起中国经济行稳致远的磅礴动能，锻造出高质量发展的强 劲增长极。 ...

Core Insights - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the construction of major scientific innovation platforms, including national science centers in Beijing, Shanghai, the Greater Bay Area, and Hefei, to enhance regional technological innovation [1]. Group 1: Beijing Huairou Science City - The Huairou Science City has evolved from initial planning to becoming one of the regions with the highest density of national major scientific infrastructure over nearly ten years [5]. - The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a core facility in Huairou, expected to be one of the world's brightest fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources upon completion [7]. Group 2: Shanghai Zhangjiang Science City - The Zhangjiang Science City has seen significant improvements in its industrial ecosystem surrounding the Artificial Intelligence Island from 2020 to 2025 [9]. - Originally covering 17 square kilometers, Zhangjiang Science City has expanded to 220 square kilometers, housing two national laboratories and over 100 incubators [11]. Group 3: Shenzhen Guangming Science City - The Guangming Science City, covering 99 square kilometers, is a key area for Shenzhen's comprehensive national science center, focusing on large scientific installations and technology innovation clusters [13]. - The Shenzhen Institute of Technology, located in Guangming, aims to conduct cutting-edge scientific research and cultivate top innovative talents [15]. Group 4: Hefei Future Science City - The Hefei Future Science City, with a planned area of approximately 19.2 square kilometers, focuses on quantum information, fusion energy, and deep space exploration, featuring significant scientific installations [17]. - Key facilities like the "Kua Fu" fusion reactor and BEST experimental device are part of the national major scientific infrastructure [19]. Group 5: Chengdu Western Science City - The Western Science City in Chengdu is a vital driver for technological innovation in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle, utilizing a collaborative "one city, multiple parks" model [21]. - Six major scientific installations are already established in the Western Science City, focusing on electronic information, biomedicine, and digital economy [23].

Core Insights - The "14th Five-Year Plan" emphasizes the construction of major scientific innovation platforms, including national science centers in Beijing, Shanghai, the Greater Bay Area, and Hefei, to enhance regional technological innovation [1] Group 1: Beijing Huairou Science City - The Huairou Science City has evolved from initial planning to becoming one of the regions with the highest density of national major scientific infrastructure [3] - The High Energy Photon Source (HEPS) is a core facility in Huairou, which will be one of the world's brightest fourth-generation synchrotron radiation sources upon completion [4] Group 2: Shanghai Zhangjiang Science City - The Zhangjiang Science City has developed a more complete industrial ecosystem around the Artificial Intelligence Island from 2020 to 2025 [6] - The area has expanded from 17 square kilometers to 220 square kilometers, positioning itself as an international first-class science city [8] Group 3: Shenzhen Guangming Science City - The Guangming Science City covers a total planned area of 99 square kilometers, focusing on major scientific installations and technology innovation clusters [10] - Shenzhen Polytechnic University, located in Guangming, aims to conduct cutting-edge scientific research and cultivate top innovative talents [11] Group 4: Hefei Future Science City - The Hefei Future Science City, with a planned area of approximately 19.2 square kilometers, focuses on quantum information, fusion energy, and deep space exploration [14] - Key scientific installations like the "Kua Fu" and BEST are representative of national significant scientific instruments [14][16] Group 5: Chengdu Western Science City - The Western (Chengdu) Science City is a key driver for technological innovation in the Chengdu-Chongqing economic circle, adopting a "one city, multiple parks" model [18] - It has six major scientific installations, with two included in the national "14th Five-Year Plan" for major scientific infrastructure [19]

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of comprehensive national scientific centers in driving China's technological innovation and achieving modernization goals, highlighting the significant contributions of these centers to original innovation capabilities and industrial transformation [1][3]. Group 1: Overview of Comprehensive National Scientific Centers - Comprehensive national scientific centers are established to embody national will and regional strategies, aiming to enhance original innovation capabilities and produce significant scientific achievements [3][5]. - The centers are designed to integrate high-level universities, research institutions, and high-tech enterprises, facilitating major technological infrastructure and interdisciplinary research [3][5]. Group 2: Achievements and Developments - The Hefei Comprehensive National Scientific Center has made notable advancements in fields such as information, energy, health, and environment, focusing on interdisciplinary and transformative technology research [5][11]. - In 2023, the Hefei center achieved a world record with the EAST device, completing a high-quality burn at 1 million degrees Celsius for 1066 seconds, marking a significant leap in fusion energy research [9][10]. Group 3: Role of Major Scientific Facilities - National laboratories and large scientific facilities are crucial components of comprehensive national scientific centers, serving as platforms for cutting-edge research and innovation [6][7]. - China has established around 10 national laboratories, with significant facilities located in Beijing, Shanghai, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, contributing to the country's strategic technological advancements [7][8]. Group 4: Future Prospects and Strategic Goals - The construction of comprehensive national scientific centers is aligned with China's 14th Five-Year Plan and aims to enhance the country's global competitiveness in technology [3][5]. - The centers are expected to foster a robust ecosystem for innovation, integrating basic research, technological breakthroughs, and industrial applications to drive economic growth [15].

Core Insights - The construction of the large scientific facility "Kua Fu" has made significant progress, with the acceptance of its subsystem, the eighth vacuum chamber and overall installation system, laying a crucial technical foundation for future operations [1] - The potential of large scientific facilities to empower real productivity is noteworthy, as they serve as incubators for high-level scientific research outcomes by integrating important research instruments, advanced manufacturing equipment, and multidisciplinary research [1] - The transformation of scientific achievements into practical applications is increasingly recognized as essential, with examples such as the Zhangjiang Comprehensive National Science Center leveraging the "Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility" for technology transfer in integrated circuits and new materials [1] Group 1 - The construction and operation of large scientific facilities may take decades, necessitating a shift from traditional "research first, then transfer" approaches to a model that promotes simultaneous construction, research, and transfer [2] - Establishing pilot testing platforms is crucial for bridging the gap between scientific research outputs and market products, reducing the trial-and-error costs of industrializing scientific achievements [2] - Optimizing error tolerance mechanisms is essential, as many scientific outcomes are at the forefront and require time to adapt to market needs, thus fostering a more inclusive innovation ecosystem [2]